Autopsy findings of these two cases are presented and discussed here along with the review of toxicity due to this poisoning. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Capsules oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 25-45 12-20 mm (including stigma and excluding prickles when present), unarmed or prickly, longest prickles 6-10 mm. Seeds 1.6-2 mm. 2 n 28. Flowering and fruiting spring-fall, or throughout year in tropics. [efloras.org]

At present it is a very common weed in tropical countries of Central America, Caribbean, part of South America, and West Africa. Countries: Bangla Desh, Cuba, Erithrea, Nepal, Tanzania. Back to Database of Weed Species in Crops and Countries [fao.org]

• El Salvador

  Virgin Islands (British) CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Guyana, Venezuela WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Cultivated Africa NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA [npgsweb.ars-grin.gov]

  Serv. (2013) Central America Central America (Pacific rim) El Salvador (Republic of) native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Central America Central America (Pacific rim) El Salvador (Republic of) Hafliger, Toni J. [hear.org]

  Habit Hierba Conservation No Evaluada Uses Images Distribution Full Distribution Listing Native to: Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico Central, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua Introduced into: Alabama, Angola, Argentina [plantsoftheworldonline.org]

• Asymptomatic

  Nadkarni's Indian Materia Medica, 1976 Njama-Meya et al., 2004 Asymptomatic parasitaemia as a risk factor for symptomatic malaria in a cohort of Ugandan children, Trop. Med. Int. [doi.org]

• Turkish

  Turkish Journal of Botany, 36, 488-494. [ 77 ] Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz, E., Dabkowska, T., Stoklosa, A., Hura, T., Dubert, F. and Lepiarczyk, A. (2006) The Effect of Selected Phenolic Compounds on the Initial Growth of Four Weed Species. [scirp.org]

• Splenomegaly

  Baseline parasite count, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were not significantly associated with ACR at day 14 ( Table 5 ). [doi.org]

• Dental Caries

  The seeds are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha, cough, asthma, pertusis, skin diseases, leprosy, ulcers, wounds, odontalgia, dental caries, constipation, rheumatalgia, colic and flatulence. [ayushveda.com]

• Gram-Positive Bacteria

  Sanguinarine is a quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloid with a strong bactericidal effect on Gram-positive bacteria ( Rao and Dave, 2001 ). It also displays anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. [ejbiotechnology.cl]

Both treatments were well tolerated. Over 28 days, second-line treatment was not required for 89% (95% CI 84.1-93.2) of patients on AM, versus 95% (95% CI 88.8-98.3) on ACT. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There had been no standard frequency or duration of treatment. [doi.org]

L.; Graz, B.; Falquet, J.; et al. (2007). " Argemone mexicana Decoction for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria" (PDF). [en.wikipedia.org]

It has been taken internally in the treatment of dropsy and jaundice[, ]. [tropical.theferns.info]

C.: Investigation into epidemiology of epidemic dropsy -Further field study and controlled experiments, Ind. J. Med. Res., 27: 191-196, 1949. 14. Pade, S. [jpgmonline.com]

Chimie, 2004, vol. 7 (pg. 1023 - 1027 ) Anonymous, 2005 Reversing the failures of Roll Back Malaria, Lancet, 2005, vol. 365 pg. 1439 Basco, 2004 Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. XIX. [doi.org]

If prevention is no longer possible, it is best to treat the weed infestations when they are small to prevent them from establishing (early detection and rapid response). Controlling the weed before it seeds will reduce future problems. [keys.lucidcentral.org]

Painful neuro-muscular conditions, preventing sleep. Rheumatic disease associated with Bright's disease (D. MacFarlan). Argemone Mexicana treatment for Head ailments: Throbbing headache in eyes and temples. Head hot. [webhomeopath.com]

Preventive Measures The only preventive measure is to refrain from using oil which has not been tested for quality. A campaign is required to educate about the risk of consuming unpackaged mustard oil. [web.archive.org]

Prevention and control Eradication Alemayehu and Desalegn (2016) recommended that the Bureau of Agriculture, other GOs and NGOs of Ethiopia develop mechanisms to eliminate the species from agricultural and grazing lands. [plantwise.org]