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Arterial Embolism
Presentation
- Thromboembolism of the limb arteries was present in 12 (4.5%) cases.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- We present the case of a 28-year-old female nonsmoker with an adenocarcinoma of the left main bronchus involving the pulmonary veins.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- He died due to his cancer, 4 months after first presentation.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Abstract A prospective study was made of 40 consecutive patients who presented with peripheral arterial embolism to the Vascular Surgical Service in UKM. Atrial fibrillation was the most common source of the embolus.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- A 24-year-old woman presented with acute onset of critical ischemia of her left thumb and index finger.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
Gangrene
- Fulminant infection of the lower limbs developed that led to gangrene and multiple organ failure, and the patient died 8 days after the operation.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The rate of hospital deaths was high (27%) among the patients with thrombosis, and there was close correlation (r 0.76) between early postoperative gangrene and early death in these patients, but not in those with embolism.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Twelve patients did not present until the affected limb(s) were in established gangrene. Thirty-two embolectomies were performed on 25 patients. Only 10 of these patients were discharged well with their limbs intact.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Extensive limb gangrene was more common in patients with late acute embolism (26.7% versus 3.2%, p 0.009). Subsequently, primary major amputation was higher in those patients (20% versus 3.2%, p 0.05).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Gangrenous bowel segments in group A were much longer than in group B (159.4 /- 87.7 vs 45.7 /- 61.6 cm, p 0.009).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Coronary Artery Disease
- A mobile aortic arch mass was found by TEE in a 59-year-old man with coronary artery disease, and with rheumatic mitral valve disease, and with no embolic symptoms.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Vector illustration heart character with Coronary Artery Disease info graphic. Heart awareness concept. Atherosclerosis stages. adjournment the cholesterol plaques in arteries. Illustration isolated on white background.[shutterstock.com]
- In regard to the patients with coronary artery disease, 2 were in the acute phase of myocardial infarction and 4 had chronic ischemic disease.[scielo.br]
- The link between vasculogenic erectile dysfunction, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease: role of metabolic factors and endovascular therapy. J Invasive Cardiol. 2013 Jun. 25(6):313-9. [Medline].[medscape.com]
Euthyroid
- Twelve incidents occurred with active thyrotoxicosis, three on reversion to sinus rhythm, and 11 after the patients were euthyroid.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Cardiovascular
Cyanosis
- Warning symptoms of a pulmonary embolism may involve: cough fainting cyanosis chest pain rapid pulse hemoptysis leg swelling low grade fever swollen neck veins breathing difficulty lung fluid build-up movement, breathing pain An arterial emboli event[healthblurbs.com]
- Other signs and symptoms that can occur with pulmonary embolism include: Leg pain or swelling, or both, usually in the calf Clammy or discolored skin (cyanosis) Fever Excessive sweating Rapid or irregular heartbeat Lightheadedness or dizziness When to[mayoclinic.org]
Musculoskeletal
Leg Pain
- Within all the people who go to their doctor with peripheral arterial embolism, 70% report having leg pain, 53% report having loss of sensation, and 37% report having leg swelling.[symcat.com]
- Acute leg pain correlated with a cool distal extremity, diminished or absent distal pulses, and an ankle blood pressure less than 50 mm Hg should prompt consideration of emergent surgical referral.[medscape.com]
- Other signs and symptoms that can occur with pulmonary embolism include: Leg pain or swelling, or both, usually in the calf Clammy or discolored skin (cyanosis) Fever Excessive sweating Rapid or irregular heartbeat Lightheadedness or dizziness When to[mayoclinic.org]
Skin
Splinter Hemorrhage
- Can also get microangiopathic hemolytic anemias like TTP/HUS, HELLP, and in Catastrophic APS (see below) Skin manifestations are common and include splinter hemorrhages, livedo reticularis, skin necrosis/infarction and digital gangrene.[errolozdalga.com]
Neurologic
Stupor
- A few days before admission, a loss of appetite was noticed by his family; he developed a stupor on the day of admission. On physical examination, his lower extremities were pale and his skin temperature was low.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Urogenital
Flank Pain
- The most common symptom was either abdominal or left flank pain (80% of episodes), while the most common sign was upper left quadrant tenderness (35% of episodes) [ 15 ].[intjem.biomedcentral.com]
Dysuria
- The patient had no dysuria and there was no evidence of diabetes. The intramural gas collections of the bladder wall, as shown by CT, were compatible with emphysematous cystitis. Urine samples proved infection by a multi-resistant strain of E. coli.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
- Autoimmune workup to look for vasculitis is reasonable if this workup is negative. Hypercoagulable workup should be really limited to the ones that cause arterial thrombosis – see below. II.[errolozdalga.com]
- Given her age, bilateral proximal vasculopathy, and negative secondary workup, she was diagnosed with moyamoya disease.[frontiersin.org]
- In young patients a vasculitis and/or hypercoagulable workup should be performed. In older patients, an embolic workup should be performed.[eyewiki.aao.org]
Microbiology
Staphylococcus Aureus
- Laboratory tests showed an increase in his white blood cell count and his blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Post-operatively, she developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colitis and sepsis. Due to her respiratory insufficiency and shock conditions, she was treated with ventilator support.[bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]
Treatment
- Initial conservative treatment has been suggested to reduce the mortality rate, but the indications for such treatment are poorly defined.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intraarterial urokinase in the treatment of superior mesenteric arterial (SMA) embolism.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- In patients with acute peripheral ischaemia, surgical treatment is usually the procedure of choice, but in some circumstances some of these patients cannot benefit from the surgical treatment.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The time between admission and diagnosis (or treatment) was shorter in group B than in group A (2.3 /- 1.2 vs 12.3 /- 9.2 hr, p 0.013).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- After the treatment, the symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea improved accordingly. She was discharged from the hospital 27 days later.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
- It was concluded that the prognosis for arterial embolism was very poor. This result needs to be improved and recommendations are made to achieve this.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The present findings suggest that the prognosis quoad vitam after arterial thromboembolectomy is influenced by limb ischemia itself and possibly also by the revascularization procedure.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Embolectomy following anticoagulation has a high limb salvage rate and a low mortality; anti-coagulation as an adjuvant to surgery also improves prognosis for these patients who have lower amputation rates than those not anticoagulated.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Over 20 percent of acute mesenteric embolism cases consist of multiple emboli, and the long-term prognosis depends on the incidence of subsequent embolic events at other sites.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Further follow-up revealed a poor prognosis in patients with malignant arterial embolism.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology
- Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology.[icd10coded.com]
- Use Additional Use Additional Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology.[icd10data.com]
- Various infections have been suspected as causing this disease such as acute upper respiratory infections, influenza, pneumonia, measles, virus infections, syphilis; also toxins have been suggested as etiologic agents circulating in the blood stream from[annals.org]
- Understanding the etiology of premature ovarian failure after uterine artery embolization might allow better patient selection.[journals.lww.com]
Epidemiology
- 2] Blockage of arteries that supply arms or legs may result in necrosis and gangrene [1] Temporary or permanent decrease or loss of other organ functions [2] In septic embolism, there can be infection of the affected tissue or even septic shock, [2] Epidemiology[en.wikipedia.org]
- Blockage of arteries that supply arms or legs may result in necrosis and gangrene Temporary or permanent decrease or loss of other organ functions In septic embolism , there can be infection of the affected tissue or even septic shock, Epidemiology In[strokesurvivorcaregiverorangecountyca.com]
- Epidemiology of Ebstein anomaly: prevalence and patterns in Texas, 1999–2005. Am J Med Genet A 2011;155a:1007–14. [4]. Attenhofer Jost CH, Connolly HM, Edwards WD, et al. Ebstein's anomaly —review of a multifaceted congenital cardiac condition.[journals.lww.com]
- […] de la arteria pulmonar que se presentó como embolismo pulmonar O sarcoma da íntima da artéria pulmonar, que se apresentou como um quadro de embolia pulmonar María Camila Plata 1, Diana Lucía Rey 2, Claudio Villaquirán 2, Diego Rosselli 1 1 Clinical Epidemiology[scielo.org.co]
Sex distribution
Age distribution
Pathophysiology
- The clot can then move to an artery and cause arterial embolisation. [2] Pathophysiology [ edit ] An arterial embolism is caused by one or more emboli getting stuck in an artery and blocking blood flow, causing ischemia, possibly resulting in infarction[en.wikipedia.org]
- Pathophysiology An arterial embolism is caused by one or more emboli getting stuck in an artery and blocking blood flow, causing ischemia , possibly resulting in infarction with tissue death ( necrosis ).[strokesurvivorcaregiverorangecountyca.com]
- Gas embolism: pathophysiology and treatment. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2003 ; 23 : 237 –46, doi:10.1046/j.1475-097X.2003.00505.x. 18. Thom, SR. Effects of hyperoxia on neutrophil adhesion. Undersea Hyperb Med 2004 ; 31 : 123 –31. 19.[cambridge.org]
- No clear pathophysiologic mechanism has been elucidated to explain their formation, as there is usually no relationship with atherosclerosis or hypercoagulability states. 3 The diagnosis should include a search for intracardiac or intra-aortic emboligenic[revespcardiol.org]
- Discussion The pathophysiology of embolism varies according to the heart disease.[scielo.br]
Prevention
- Concomitant arterial stenosis should be treated by transluminal angioplasty to prevent re-thrombosis.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- For prevention of recurrent arterial embolism in cases without an initially apparent cause and site of origin, a thorough diagnostic, and in a given patient, an aggressive surgical approach for the elimination of the embolic source are advocated.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- LV wall motion impairment predisposes for LVT and low-dose heparin seems not to prevent these complications.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- This outcome prevented prolongation of anticoagulant therapy for an indefinite time.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The cause of the clot, if found, should be treated to prevent further problems.[nlm.nih.gov]