Over a 4-year period, 21 patients with TAPVC without extracardiac obstruction presented from 1 day to 10 months of age (mean 2.6 months). Of 21 patients, 17 (81%) presented after 1 month of age with moderate to severe congestive heart failure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We present a case of a 25 year-old female patient who was asymptomatic until the age 22 when she started presenting exertion dyspnea and lower limbs edema, during her third pregnancy. [revistas.usp.br]

She did not present signs or symptoms - aside from the ignored complaint to the family of a "sensation of chest tightness" that improved with deep breathing. [scielo.br]

• Fatigue

  Signs and symptoms of severe defects in newborns include Rapid breathing Cyanosis - a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails Fatigue Poor blood circulation Many congenital heart defects cause few or no signs and symptoms. [icdlist.com]

  Larger shunts may cause slow weight gain in early childhood and exercise intolerance, dyspnea during exertion, fatigue, and/or palpitations in older patients. [msdmanuals.com]

  Clinical manifestations in childhood include: rapid breathing, shortness of breath, fatigue, sweating, palpitations, frequent respiratory infections, and poor growth. Other symptoms often manifest by the age of 30 to 40 years. [orpha.net]

ETIOLOGY Unknown DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS • Primary pulmonary hypertension • Pulmonary stenosis • Rheumatic heart disease • Mitral valve prolapse • Cor pulmonale WORKUP • ECG • Chest x-ray examination • Echocardiography • Cardiac catheterization [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

TTE is usually the first step in the workup for SVASD; however, only 12% of superior SVASDs can be visualized [3]. [hindawi.com]

[…] pulmonary embolism resulting in a right-to-left shunting of blood[36] Treatment[edit] Patent Foramen Ovale[edit] Most patients with a PFO are asymptomatic and do not require any specific treatment.[37] However, those who develop a stroke require further workup [en.wikipedia.org]

Many children with congenital heart defects don't need treatment, but others do. Treatment can include medicines, catheter procedures, surgery, and heart transplants. [icdlist.com]

Home Medical Procedures Cardiac Heart Conditions and Problems Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) treatment Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) treatment Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a form of congenital heart defect that enables blood flow between the left atrium (with [healthbase.com]

At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you for your child. [stanfordchildrens.org]

The material is in no way intended to replace professional medical care by a qualified specialist and should not be used as a basis for diagnosis or treatment. [orpha.net]

Without treatment, other complications may also occur. As the right ventricle continuously pumps more blood to the lungs, the entire pulmonary vasculature may be overloaded and pulmonary hypertension may result. [youtube.com]

Prognosis Small-to-moderate defects may be asymptomatic and life expectancy is not reduced. In some children, small openings may close spontaneously (occurring in up to four-fifths of cases with small openings in the first 18 months of life). [orpha.net]

When these differences are taken together, they do not indicate a more favorable prognosis for one group over the other. [nejm.org]

[…] vessels visible to the periphery of the film eventual signs of pulmonary arterial hypertension chamber enlargement right atrium right ventricle note: left atrium is normal in size unlike VSD or PDA note: aortic arch is small to normal Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis[18] Isolated atrial septal defects repaired in childhood have excellent prognosis with survival similar to that of the general population. [patient.info]

Long term followup of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction (a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:493-500. 10. Nugent AW, Daubeney PE, Chondros P, et al. [degruyter.com]

OBJECTIVES: We describe the structure of, and suggest an etiology for, the interatrial communication which can occur through the mouth of the coronary sinus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Several susceptibility genes have been identified. Diagnostic methods The defect is most often suspected during a physical examination. Cardiac auscultation reveals a systolic outflow murmur. [orpha.net]

The embryological etiology of this defect is incomplete absorption of the sinus venosus into the main chamber of the right atrium. Traditional diagnostic tests included TTE, TEE and cardiac catheterization. [scmr.org]

ETIOLOGY Unknown DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS • Primary pulmonary hypertension • Pulmonary stenosis • Rheumatic heart disease • Mitral valve prolapse • Cor pulmonale WORKUP • ECG • Chest x-ray examination • Echocardiography • Cardiac catheterization [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

Medicine, London (a3) 3 St George's Hospital Medical School, Anatomy and Developmental Biology, London (a4) 4 Cardiac Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK Abstract Objectives : We describe the structure of, and suggest an etiology [cambridge.org]

Summary Epidemiology Overall, openings between the atrial chambers account for about 6 to 8% of all congenitally malformed hearts. As a group, such defects are detected in 1:1500 live births, with a female-to-male ratio of 2-4:1. [orpha.net]

The epidemiology of childhood cardiomyopathy in Australia. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1639-1646. 11. Kohli SK, Pantazis AA, Shah JS, et al. [degruyter.com]

EPIDEMIOLOGY & DEMOGRAPHICS • 80% of cases of ASD involve persistence of ostium secundum. • Incidence is higher in females. • ASD accounts for 8% to 10% of congenital heart abnormalities. [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

[…] transposition of the great arteries: prediction of neonatal desaturation. 61 Vaujois L...Raboisson MJ 28376948 2017 44 Surgical Strategy Toward Biventricular Repair for Severe Ebstein Anomaly in Neonates and Infancy. 61 Huang SC...Chen YS 28434546 2017 45 Epidemiology [malacards.org]

Epidemiology[1] ASDs are the third most common congenital heart disease and occur as an isolated anomaly in 5% to 10% of all congenital heart defects. [patient.info]

Based on pathophysiological insights regarding (1) the long-term impact of an obstructive pulmonary outflow tract in neonates with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, (2) the importance of a restrictive versus a non-restrictive [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Grasp the full scope of the pathophysiology of CHD with well-organized, expert guidance. Quickly search the contents online, download images in JPG or PPT format, and view 70 echocardiogram videos at expertconsult.com. [books.google.com]

Its pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria are yet to be defined clearly which may hinder the search for effective treatments. [dovepress.com]

Each characteristic determines, in part, the pathophysiology and need for therapy. Definition VSDs are described by the anatomic location of the defect as seen from the right ventricle. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

Pathophysiology Image : “Atrial Septal Defect.”. By Blausen.com staff (2014). “Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014”. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. [lecturio.com]

Prevention In most cases, atrial septal defects can't be prevented. If you're planning to become pregnant, schedule a visit with your health care provider. This visit should include: Getting tested for immunity to rubella. [mayoclinic.org]

What about preventing endocarditis? Most children with an ASD are not at increased risk for developing endocarditis. [heart.org]

[…] the defect, which offers no proven benefit in prevention of further events. [circ.ahajournals.org]

An optimal secondary stroke prevention strategy in patients with ASD and/or PFO is not clearly defined [9]. [cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com]

It also may serve as a secondary prevention of cryptogenic stroke and may prove more effective than any previous therapy for migraine headache. [psychiatrictimes.com]