In patients with congenital heart disease presenting with bradyarrhythmia, many electrophysiological abnormalities are found. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Suggestibility

  Furthermore, the His bundle electrogram (HBE) showed either regular, high frequency deflictions or irregular, deformed potentials, suggesting flutter and fibrillation-like phenomena in the His bundle. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hyponatremia

  Patients with atrial standstill were older (P 0.036), had lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P CONCLUSIONS: Hyponatremia and decline in DBP are associated with atrial standstill in patients with hyperkalemia. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1781-1786). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Lymphocytic Infiltrate

  Talwar, et al. [8] reported a case series in which two of the patients had lymphocytic infiltrates on right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. [indianpediatrics.net]

A total of 778 patients with hyperkalemia were identified, 28 of whom had atrial standstill, and had several parameters measured prior to any treatment of hyperkalemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subject Dogs -- Diseases -- Treatment -- Case studies [ecommons.cornell.edu]

Modalities 729 Treatment Modalities 731 Clinical Role of Antiarrhythmic Drugs in the Prevention of Sudden Death 733 Nonantiarrhythmic Drugs in Sudden Death Prevention 760 The Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Technical and Clinical Considerations [books.google.com]

Thus, persistence of atrial standstill in asymptomatic cardiomyopathy is a sign of poor prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Oechslin EN, Jost CHA, Rojas JR, Kaufinann PA, Jenni R (2000) Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction; a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. [link.springer.com]

Symptomatic cases require ventricular pacing and treatment for congestive heart failure if present, however, the prognosis is poor. [synapse.koreamed.org]

Etiologies described in the literature have included muscular dystrophy, familial amyloidosis, and rarely myocarditis. These etiologies usually lead to permanent atrial standstill and require ventricular pacing. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Electrolyte disturbances, vasovagal reflexes from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, and hypoxia have all been implicated as temporary etiological factors. [jamanetwork.com]

Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: the Framingham study. Neurology 1978 ;28: 973 –7. 23. Woolliscroft J, Tuna N.. Permanent atrial standstill: the clinical spectrum. Am J Cardiol 1982 ;49: 2037 –41. 24. [nejm.org]

Current epidemiology and outcome of infective Endocarditis: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(43):e1816. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001816. [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com]

Abstract Persistent atrial standstill is a very rare pathophysiologic condition whose diagnosis is established when both electrical and mechanical silence of the atria are confirmed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiological hypotheses of atrial standstill, based on post-mortem examinations, include fibroelastosis and fatty infiltration of the atrial wall [10]. [cardiovascmed.ch]

There are few reports on the pathophysiology of atrial standstill. [academic.oup.com]

[…] atrial systolic function, manifested by a characteristic transmitral Doppler spectral velocity profile, has previously been termed "atrial failure" 8 and has portended a poor outcome in patients with the primary form of the disease. 9 The underlying pathophysiologic [nejm.org]

[…] of Sudden Death 733 Nonantiarrhythmic Drugs in Sudden Death Prevention 760 The Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Technical and Clinical Considerations 772 Beyond Sudden Death Prevention Minimizing Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks and [books.google.com]

Partial atrial standstill may be present and prevent atrial lead implantation in patients with sinus node disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fibrosis prevents proper conduction and so ventricular contraction occurs in the form of escape beats, and thus the heart rate is slow. ECG examination usually reveals an absence of P waves and may show a widening of the QRS complex. [cal.vet.upenn.edu]

Hemodynamic collapse was prevented by pacing from the coronary sinus ( Figure 2d ). [innovationsincrm.com]

[…] less than a week Lifestyle changes Medication to control your heart rate: beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin Procedure to control your heart rate (if medication fails) Pulmonary vein isolation Radiofrequency ablation Anticoagulants to prevent [webmd.com]