When an ostium primum atrial defect is present, the ECG reveals left axis deviation. When an ostium secundum atrial septal defect is present, the ECG reveals right axis deviation. [healio.com]

A prominent right ventricular cardiac impulse, manifested as a parasternal heave or lift, may be present. [merckmanuals.com]

A genetic predisposition to develop pulmonary vascular disease is present in patients with severely increased pulmonary vascular resistance; the pulmonary vascular bed is hyperreactive (see Fig. 17). [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

Presentation Infants and children with ASDs are usually asymptomatic. Rarely, infants may present with tachypnoea, poor weight gain and recurrent chest infections. [patient.info]

Case reports Case 1 A 34-year-old woman presented with fainting spells over a 1 month duration. She had gestational diabetes 5 years before presentation but was not a known hypertensive. [dovepress.com]

• Mid-Diastolic Murmur

  A mid-diastolic murmur may be present at the lower left sternal border when the atrial shunt is large. A cleft in the left AV valve results in a blowing apical systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation. [msdmanuals.com]

ETIOLOGY Unknown DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS • Primary pulmonary hypertension • Pulmonary stenosis • Rheumatic heart disease • Mitral valve prolapse • Cor pulmonale WORKUP • ECG • Chest x-ray examination • Echocardiography • Cardiac catheterization [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

[…] embolism resulting in a right to left shunting of blood [36] Treatment [ edit ] Patent Foramen Ovale [ edit ] Most patients with a PFO are asymptomatic and do not require any specific treatment. [37] However, those who develop a stroke require further workup [en.wikipedia.org]

The only successful treatment solutions is surgical treatment or artificial closure of the defect. Right time for surgical treatment can only be based on need for surgery and risks of surgery. [remedyland.com]

Many children with congenital heart defects don't need treatment, but others do. Treatment can include medicines, catheter procedures, surgery, and heart transplants. [icdlist.com]

Over the past few decades, the diagnosis and treatment of ASDs and VSDs have greatly improved. [pediatricct.surgery.ucsf.edu]

Treatment for atrial septal defect Specific treatment for ASD will be determined by your child's physician based on: Your child's age, overall health, and medical history Extent of the disease Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures [childrensnational.org]

The long term prognosis is excellent. Pulmonary hypertension with shunt reversal is a contraindication for surgery, however the pulmonary hypertension can frequently be treated with medicines. [en.wikipedia.org]

Complications Congestive heart failure Pulmonary arterial hypertension Prognosis Excellent prognosis if treated Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect with Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return. [learningradiology.com]

Surgery, if necessary, is performed at a young age with an excellent prognosis. [heartlifeinsurance.com]

[…] iM StIll stUdInG Published on Mar 28, 2015 ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT ASD - CF, ETIOLOGY ,PATHO -PHYSIOLOGY, SIGNS & SYM, MANAGEMENT.....ETC ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT ( ASD) 1. ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AKSHAY AGRAWAL 2. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Defination 3. [slideshare.net]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Flow across ASD usually left-to-right shunt because of higher left-sided pressures: Minimal right-to-left shunting in early ventricular systole, especially during inspiration Increased right-sided pressure/pulmonary hypertension [unboundmedicine.com]

Vikas Thakran Department of Cardiology, AIIMS, New Delhi - 110 029 India Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/2395-5414.157579 Cyanosis in ASD has multiple causes requiring etiology directed management. [j-pcs.org]

ETIOLOGY Unknown DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS • Primary pulmonary hypertension • Pulmonary stenosis • Rheumatic heart disease • Mitral valve prolapse • Cor pulmonale WORKUP • ECG • Chest x-ray examination • Echocardiography • Cardiac catheterization [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

Etiology During normal embryonic development, the right horn of the sinus venosus encompasses the right superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC). [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology Male : Female = 1:2 Most commonly seen in children 8. [slideshare.net]

Epidemiology Incidence Predominant age: present from birth, may be diagnosed at any age Slight female predominance ( 2 ) No race predilection 2/1,000 live births Prevalence ASDs account for 13% of congenital heart disorders. [unboundmedicine.com]

EPIDEMIOLOGY & DEMOGRAPHICS • 80% of cases of ASD involve persistence of ostium secundum. • Incidence is higher in females. • ASD accounts for 8% to 10% of congenital heart abnormalities. [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

[…] perfused beating heart (atrial septal defect size 2 cm - 4.5 cm) [4] International Classification of Diseases The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) World Health Organization's classification used worldwide as the standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology [embryology.med.unsw.edu.au]

Epidemiology United States data Sinus venosus atrial septal defects represent approximately 1% of congenital cardiac lesions. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology 6. Clinical features 7. Investigations 8. Risk Factors 9. Management 3. Introduction  Septal defects are more common eg of non cyanotic heart disease. Most common congenital heart disease in adults. [slideshare.net]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Flow across ASD usually left-to-right shunt because of higher left-sided pressures: Minimal right-to-left shunting in early ventricular systole, especially during inspiration Increased right-sided pressure/pulmonary hypertension [unboundmedicine.com]

Pathophysiology Atrial septal defects allow blood to shunt from the left atrium to the right atrium. Shunting is minimal during infancy, but typically increases with age as the right ventricle becomes more compliant. [vhlab.umn.edu]

Pathophysiology In patients with acyanotic atrial septal defect (ASD), the shunt follows the left atrium - right atrium - right ventricle route. [metealpaslan.com]

Pathophysiology. Volume overload of the right atrium and right ventricle due to a large left-to-right shunt is determined by the size of the interatrial communication. [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

Antibiotics are given to patients with atrial septal defects that are undergoing dental procedures to prevent infection of the heart. Antibiotics are medications that prevent certain types of bacterial infections. [medfriendly.com]

What about preventing endocarditis? Most children with an ASD are not at increased risk for developing endocarditis. [heart.org]

Even if infants are growing well and do not have symptoms, surgical repair is usually done before the infant is 6 months old to prevent development of complications. [merckmanuals.com]