The distinction was historically considered important, as it differentiated those more likely to present with "typical" respiratory symptoms and lobar pneumonia from those more likely to present with "atypical" generalized symptoms (such as fever, headache [en.wikipedia.org]

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We present the key advances in the infections that clinicians conventionally associate with atypical pneumonia: legionellosis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydophila species pneumonia and Q fever. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  During the later stages of the illness, symptoms may worsen, the fever may become higher, and coughing may yield discolored phlegm (sputum). [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Coxiella burnetii Causes Q fever. Francisella tularensis Causes tularemia. Legionella pneumophila Causes a severe form of pneumonia with a relatively high mortality rate, known as legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease. [en.wikipedia.org]

  His fever subsided soon and clinical symptoms improved after minocycline was administrated on Day 12. The psittacosis case was confirmed by history of psittacine bird contact, clinical symptoms, treatment response, and positive IgM titer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Clinical findings Incubation 3 weeks; insidious onset of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, low-grade fever, cough, chest pain and respiratory disease, from asymptomatic to rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Malaise

  All are marked by extensive but short-lived pulmonary infiltration, fever, malaise, muscle pains, sore throat, and coughing. Copyright 2007. An Elsevier publication. All rights reserved. [web.archive.org]

  None had received the seasonal influenza vaccine; they had cough (92%), fever (86.8%), and malaise (73.7%). The median time from disease onset to hospital admission was 6 days (range 0-8 days). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Atypical bacterial pneumonia generally is characterised by a symptom complex that includes headache, low-grade fever, cough, and malaise. Constitutional symptoms often predominate over respiratory findings. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

  Clinical findings Incubation 3 weeks; insidious onset of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, low-grade fever, cough, chest pain and respiratory disease, from asymptomatic to rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Vietnamese

  Younger age and co-infection with typical bacteria or viruses were the most significant risk factors, while respiratory/cardiac system malformation and neonatal pneumonia were additional potential risk factors, associated with severe-ApCAP in Vietnamese [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The Vietnamese Ministry of Health has reported that each year 4000 children younger than 5 years die from pneumonia in Vietnam [ 3 ]. [bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com]

• Intermittent Fever

  Herein we report a 44-year-old male patient displaying atypical pneumonia symptoms of intermittent fever, dry cough, chest pain, dyspnea, headache, hepatitis, and hyponatremia. He had two sick cockatiels, one of which had died a month previously. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cough

  During the later stages of the illness, symptoms may worsen, the fever may become higher, and coughing may yield discolored phlegm (sputum). [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  It develops gradually with a dry cough and low-grade fever as opposed to sudden fever and coughing up mucus in bacterial pneumonia [1]. [ehealthstar.com]

  Cough is prominent; chest radiographic findings are varied. Many organisms are associated with this syndrome. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetii, and Francisella tularensis are reviewed in this article. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] pri·mar·y a·typ·i·cal pneu·mo·ni·a an older term referring to an acute systemic disease with involvement of the lungs, usually caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and marked by fever, cough, relatively few physical signs, and scattered densities on x-rays [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Despite general symptoms and problems with the upper respiratory tract (such as high fever, headache, a dry irritating cough followed later by a productive cough with radiographs showing consolidation), there are in general few physical signs. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Pertussis

  Bordetella pertussis, and Coxiella bumetii, the most common agents associated with atypical pneumonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The Mycoplasma pneumoniae PCR assay was tested for cross reactivity against Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, all relevant species of Chlamydophila, all relevant species of Legionella as well as human herpes viruses [viracor-eurofins.com]

  There may also be dyspnea and, in some cases, the cough may take on a pertussis-like character. Some children may develop inflammation of the throat, cervical adenopathy, conjunctivitis, and myringitis. [phac-aspc.gc.ca]

  An epidemic of a pertussis-like illness caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18: 271-275. 21. Thom DH, Grayston JT, Wang SP, Kuo CC, Altamn J. [indianpediatrics.net]

• Rales

  As pneumonia progresses, rales appear in the chest, C. penumoniae is known to be associated with hyper-reactive airway. Infec-tion with C. pneumoniae can trigger acute epidosde of wheezing in children with asthma. [indianpediatrics.net]

  […] hypothermia ( 35 C) Tachypnea ( 18 respirations/min) Use of accessory respiratory muscles Tachycardia ( 100 bpm) or bradycardia ( 60 bpm) Central cyanosis Altered mental status Physical findings may include the following: Adventitious breath sounds, such as rales [emedicine.com]

• Exudative Pharyngitis

  Signs associated with infections Clinical Signs Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae Legionella pneumophila Shock hypotension - - Rash Erythema multiforme - - Neurologic findings/confusion - - Bullous myringitis (75%) - - Non-exudative pharyngitis [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Chest Pain

  Herein we report a 44-year-old male patient displaying atypical pneumonia symptoms of intermittent fever, dry cough, chest pain, dyspnea, headache, hepatitis, and hyponatremia. He had two sick cockatiels, one of which had died a month previously. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Cough, fever, and substernal chest pain were common presenting complaints, and upper respiratory symptoms were often present. White blood cell counts ranged from 6,500 to 18,300/mm 3. [annals.org]

  Minimally to non-productive cough often with chest pain (from cough, not pleuritic) with negative sputum stain. CXR often negative or demonstrating typically unilateral interstitial infiltrate. Mycoplasma is the big one, chlamydia pneumoniae #2. [forums.studentdoctor.net]

  Clinical findings Incubation 3 weeks; insidious onset of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, low-grade fever, cough, chest pain and respiratory disease, from asymptomatic to rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Shortness of breath and chest pain during deep breathing (pleuritic pain) are uncommon [4]. The main late symptoms are fatigue and a lingering dry cough or coughing up mucus, which may persist for several weeks or months [4]. Signs. [ehealthstar.com]

• Headache

  Despite general symptoms and problems with the upper respiratory tract (such as high fever, headache, a dry irritating cough followed later by a productive cough with radiographs showing consolidation), there are in general few physical signs. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Herein we report a 44-year-old male patient displaying atypical pneumonia symptoms of intermittent fever, dry cough, chest pain, dyspnea, headache, hepatitis, and hyponatremia. He had two sick cockatiels, one of which had died a month previously. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Atypical bacterial pneumonia generally is characterised by a symptom complex that includes headache, low-grade fever, cough, and malaise. Constitutional symptoms often predominate over respiratory findings. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

  The key symptoms of atypical pneumonia are fever, headache, sweating and myalgia along with bronchopneumonia. Atypical pneumonia is treated with macrolide class of antibiotics like clarithromycin or erythromycin. [differencebetween.net]

Challenges in Community-Acquired Pneumonia American Family Physician Atypical pneumonia General Practice Notebook Bono MJ, Mycoplasmal pneumonia Emedicine Bono MJ, Mycoplasmal pneumonia, clinical presentation Emedicine Bono MJ, Mycoplasmal pneumonia, workup [ehealthstar.com]

Urine assays Sputum, serum, and/or urinary antigen tests Immune serologic tests Histologic examination Histologic inflammatory lung changes vary according to whether the patient has lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, or interstitial pneumonia. [2] See Workup [emedicine.com]

• Atelectasis

  Subsegmental and sometimes segmental atelectasis from small airway obstruction may occur. The radiographic features are often more extensive than what is suggested clinically. [radiopaedia.org]

  Other findings that suggest the presence of pneumonia include air bronchograms; the silhouette sign; parapneumonic effusions; and complications of pneumonia, such as lung abscesses, and atelectasis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Children treated as outpatients should have a follow-up examination within 24 to 72 hours. 31 View/Print Table TABLE 3 Conditions that May Mimic Community-Acquired Pneumonia Acute respiratory distress syndrome Atelectasis Bronchiolitis obliterans with [aafp.org]

• Complement Fixing Antibody

  Eight patients did not respond to treatment: 5 had significant complement fixing antibody titers to adenovirus and in 3 the etiology was unknown. The success rate in Group 2 was 88% (36 patients). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the azithromycin treatment group, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was identified in 65, Chlamydia spp. in 9 and Coxiella burnetti in 1 patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment failure: as defined in study, with and without treatment modifications. 21. Mechanical ventilation. 22. Adverse events: life‐threatening events, events necessitating specific medical treatment, events requiring cessation of treatment. [doi.org]

CONCLUSION: This analysis of pneumonia in the Al-Qassim area indicates the pattern and prognosis of acute bacterial and atypical pneumonia that requires admission to hospital in the central region of Saudi Arabia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is usually mild, but may last for several weeks or months; in older individuals, it may be life-threatening; mortality among individuals treated with antibiotics is 5% [9,11]. [ehealthstar.com]

M. pneumoniae was an important microorganism in the etiology of atypical pneumonia of childhood in our community. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Noninfectious etiologies must be considered in atypical and nonresolving pneumonias. [emedicine.medscape.com]

SUMMARY: There are few advances in our knowledge of the epidemiology of atypical pathogens or the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy--empirical or pathogen specific. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

References Cheng AC, BartJC (2005) Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andManagement, Clinical Microbiology Review 12: 383-416. [omicsonline.org]

Amongst pathophysiological causes, tachypnea can be a symptom of sepsis, compensation for diabetic ketoacidosis or other metabolic acidosis, pneumonia, pleural effusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, pulmonary embolism, asthma, COPD, laryngospasm, allergic [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology The organism responsible for mycoplasmal pneumonia, M pneumoniae, is a pleomorphic organism that, unlike bacteria, lacks a cell wall, and unlike viruses, does not need a host cell for replication. [emedicine.com]

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention [ehealthstar.com]

CONCLUSION: TCM intervention could effectively control and alleviate the symptoms and prevent the disease from exacerbation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

What can be done to prevent the spread of mycoplasma? At this time, there are no vaccines for the prevention of mycoplasma infection and there are no reliably effective measures for control. [health.ny.gov]

Some forms of pneumonia may be prevented with vaccination. However, there are many different causes for pneumonia. These can be broadly classified under bacterial, viral and fungal infections. [news-medical.net]