Each entry follows a 5 section structure that will cover (1) essential features of the disorder (2) physiological basis of the disorder (3) neuropsychological and other clinical presentation (4) assessment and diagnostic practices (5) evidence-based treatments [books.google.ro]

HSP is classified according to the clinical phenotype as either pure or complex, the latter presenting with neurological and systemic impairments in addition to spastic paraparesis. [journals.lww.com]

The risk of an individual inheriting the abnormal gene depends on the mode of transmission and whether the mutated gene is present on a sex chromosome or an autosome. [encyclopedia.com]

The sister carrying the R294H variant had an ataxic gait and hand tremor at 3 years, which was not present in her sister. [epilepsygenetics.net]

Progressive neurological signs (primarily abnormal gait) are often present in late childhood or early adolescence but may occur late in life. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

• Scissoring Gait

  gait 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0012407 5 tip-toe gait 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0030051 6 sensorineural hearing impairment 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0000407 7 hyperreflexia 59 Very frequent (99 [malacards.org]

• Phenylketonuria

  […] dominant PACS1 11q13.1-q13.2 Schuurs-Hoeijmakers syndrome 615009 607492 Autosomal dominant PAFAH1B1 17p13.3 Lissencephaly 1 607432 601545 Isolated cases PAH 12q23.2 [Hyperphenylalaninemia, non-PKU mild] 261600 612349 Autosomal recessive PAH 12q23.2 Phenylketonuria [mnglabs.com]

• Hyperreflexia

  Paraplegia 24, Autosomal Recessive Summaries for Spastic Paraplegia 24, Autosomal Recessive Symptoms & Phenotypes for Spastic Paraplegia 24, Autosomal Recessive Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM: 57 Neurologic Central Nervous System: spasticity hyperreflexia [malacards.org]

  Affected individuals may have sensory neuropathy, motor neuropathy, hyperreflexia of the lower limbs, muscular atrophy or decreased bladder control. Rarely, the disease is associated with parkinsonism. [ivami.com]

  People with this form of spastic paraplegia can also experience exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia) in the arms; speech difficulties (dysarthria); difficulty swallowing (dysphagia); involuntary movements of the eyes (nystagmus); mild hearing loss; abnormal [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] spasticity is increased at the hamstrings, quadriceps and ankles  Weakness is most notable at the iliopsoas, tibialis anterior, hamstring muscles  difficulty in walking, decreased vibratory sense at the ankles, and paresthesia  In lower extremities hyperreflexia [slideshare.net]

  Hyperreflexia and extensor plantar responses are often present. Cognitive deficits are manifest as deficits in attention and higher levels of reasoning. Some patients have a mild peripheral neuropathy with decreased vibratory sense. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

• Clonus

  Autosomal Recessive Summaries for Spastic Paraplegia 24, Autosomal Recessive Symptoms & Phenotypes for Spastic Paraplegia 24, Autosomal Recessive Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM: 57 Neurologic Central Nervous System: spasticity hyperreflexia clonus [malacards.org]

  These symptoms can include: Leg cramps Paresthesia Muscle spasms Highly arched feet Bladder control problems Relatively mild muscle wasting Diminished vibration sense in the feet Ankle clonus or abnormal reflex movements of the foot While it is less common [disabled-world.com]

  This can lead to uncontrollable shaking (clonus) of the feet and scissoring of the legs while walking. Often the changes are so slowly progressive that patients do not notice subtle symptoms for several years. [encyclopedia.com]

  He had increased reflexes in all limbs with ankles clonus and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes. There was mild wasting in the upper limbs. He reported having mild urinary urgency and painful legs. Ocular pursuit was saccadic. [academic.oup.com]

It is divided into the following sections: Overview Differential Diagnoses & Workup Treatment & Medication Follow-up Multimedia [hspersunite.org.au]

Our findings confirm that this is indeed not an uncommon presentation of this disorder and we suggest that SPG7 gene analysis should be included in the diagnostic workup of autosomal recessive PEO, especially if spasticity is present. [journals.plos.org]

[…] disorders across the lifespan (pediatric, adult, and geriatric populations) Includes interventions and methods of treatment for the outcomes patients may experience [books.google.ro]

However, HSPers report benefits from treatments as diverse as ankle / foot surgery where tendons are relocated, to fitness and specialised treatment from neurophysiotherapists for muscle strength and range of motion. [hspersunite.org.au]

Treatment Treatment Options: Treatment is symptomatic. Physical, speech, and occupational therapy may be helpful in selected patients. Low vision aids may be of benefit in some individuals, at least early in the disease. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

For people with HSP who experience bladder control issues, treatment with oxybutynin might help to relieve bladder spasticity. [disabled-world.com]

Treatment No specific treatment is known that would prevent, slow, or reverse HSP Available therapies mainly consist of symptomatic medical management and promoting physical and emotional well-being 26. Gen. Spas ticity Oral Agents Foc. [slideshare.net]

Abstract Although SPG11 is the most common complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, our knowledge of the long-term prognosis and life expectancy is limited. [nature.com]

Prognosis Although HSP is a progressive condition, the prognosis for individuals with HSP varies greatly. It primarily affects the legs although there can be some upperbody involvement in some individuals. [ipfs.io]

Prognosis [ edit ] Although HSP is a progressive condition, the prognosis for individuals with HSP varies greatly. It primarily affects the legs although there can be some upperbody involvement in some individuals. [en.wikipedia.org]

Prognosis: predicting symptoms and course of HSP As noted above, there is significant variation in HSP symptoms and their severity. This limits the certainty of making predictions. [rarediseases.org]

Prognosis This varies widely, but most often HSP is compatible with a normal life expectancy. The rate of progression varies considerably and is influenced by the mode of inheritance. [encyclopedia.com]

Accordingly, plasma oxysterols are biomarkers that should be included in the screening of any spastic paraplegia of unknown etiology. [oxfordmedicine.com]

Risch N et. al. (1999) A genomic screen of autism: evidence for a multilocus etiology. [ ] 26. [moldiag.com]

Etiological heterogeneity in X-linked spastic paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 1987 ; 41 : 933 –43 Goldblatt J, Ballo R, Sachs B, et al. X-linked spastic paraplegia: evidence for homogeneity with a variable phenotype. [ajnr.org]

Tijana Copf, Impairments in dendrite morphogenesis as etiology for neurodevelopmental disorders and implications for therapeutic treatments, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.008, 68, (946-978), (2016). [doi.org]

MtDNA defects of either primary or secondary etiology are known to segregate predominantly in clinically affected tissues. [journals.plos.org]

Consequently, they are often approached together in epidemiological studies. [karger.com]

Genetic epidemiology of autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay in northeastern Quebec. Genet Epidemiol. 1993 ; 10 : 17 – 25. 27. Hara, K, Onodera, O, Endo, M, Kondo, H, Shiota, H, Miki, K, et al. [cambridge.org]

Jorde LB et. al. (1990) The UCLA-University of Utah epidemiologic survey of autism: genealogical analysis of familial aggregation. [ ] 6. [moldiag.com]

Epidemiology Worldwide, the prevalence of all hereditary spastic paraplegias combined is estimated to be 2 to 6 in 100,000 people. [15] A Norwegian study of more than 2.5 million people published in March 2009 has found an HSP prevalence rate of 7.4/100,000 [ipfs.io]

The majority of individuals with HSP have a normal life expectancy. [16] Epidemiology [ edit ] Worldwide, the prevalence of all hereditary spastic paraplegias combined is estimated to be 2 to 6 in 100,000 people. [34] A Norwegian study of more than 2.5 [en.wikipedia.org]

The group led by Giovanni Stevanin, INSERM/EPHE researcher, within the team of Alexis Brice at the ICM, has been working for the last several years on studying the genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in these disorders, and has already [icm-institute.org]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] The major feature of HSP is a length dependent axonal degeneration. [21] These include the crossed and uncrossed corticospinal tracts to the legs and fasciculus gracilis. [en.wikipedia.org]

Involuntary eyelid closure after STN-DBS: evidence for different pathophysiological entities. D. Weiss, T. Wächter, S. Breit, SN Jacob, JK Pomper, F. Asmus, J. Valls-Solé, C. Plewnia, T. Gasser, A. Gharabaghi, R. [dzne.de]

This is the first step towards the identification of a new gene crucial for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of HSP. [academic.oup.com]

Treatment No specific treatment is known that would prevent, slow, or reverse HSP Available therapies mainly consist of symptomatic medical management and promoting physical and emotional well-being 26. Gen. Spas ticity Oral Agents Foc. [slideshare.net]

Supportive care includes physical therapy, which helps to improve muscle strength, range of motion, prevent contractures of joints, and bedsores. [encyclopedia.com]

The majority of individuals with HSP have a normal life expectancy. [2] Treatment No specific treatment is known that would prevent, slow, or reverse HSP. [ipfs.io]

Treatment [ edit ] No specific treatment is known that would prevent, slow, or reverse HSP. Available therapies mainly consist of symptomatic medical management and promoting physical and emotional well-being. [en.wikipedia.org]

Even though physical therapy does not either prevent or reduce degenerative changes to the person's spinal cord, it is believed that receiving regular therapy can play an important part in assisting people with HSP to maintain and increase their muscle [disabled-world.com]