University of Iowa - Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System Disorders and Pain-Nicholas Maragakis, Johns Hopkins University - Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Diseases-Lisa DeAngelis, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center - Infectious Diseases of the [books.google.com]

Complex spastic paraplegias also affect the structure or functioning of the brain and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to muscles and sensory cells that detect sensations such as touch, pain, [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

To further enhance the scope and quality of this new edition, the following Section Editors provided oversight of their respective sections: - Movement Disorders-Joel Perlmutter, Washington University - Dementias-David Knopman, Mayo Clinic - Motorneuron [books.google.com]

Movement Disorders. 2008;23(2):228-33. de Niet M, de Bot ST, van de Warrenburg BP, Weerdesteyn V, Geurts AC. [en.wikipedia.org]

Affiliated tissues include brain, and related phenotypes are nystagmus and hyperreflexia Disease Ontology : 12 A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has material basis in mutation in the GBA2 gene on chromosome 9p. [malacards.org]

The gait is spastic with weakness, hyperreflexia, and extensor plantar responses in the lower limbs. The upper limbs are variably involved and movements are dysmetric. Dysarthria and bladder dysfunction are often present. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

Hyperreflexia of the lower as well as the upper limbs was also observed. Brain MRI findings were similar to that of patient II3. [omicsonline.org]

People with this form of spastic paraplegia can also experience numbness, tingling, or pain in the arms and legs (sensory neuropathy); disturbance in the nerves used for muscle movement (motor neuropathy); intellectual disability; exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] limb muscle weakness Decreased arm strength Weak arm [ more ] 0003484 Upper limb spasticity Uncontrollable movement in upper arms 0006986 Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO Autosomal recessive inheritance 0000007 Hyperreflexia [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Table 134-1 Genetic Types of HSP (updated from Fink JK, 2011) View Table Favorite Table Download (.pdf) Table 134-1 Genetic Types of HSP (updated from Fink JK, 2011) Spastic Gait (SPG) Locus OMIM Number Protein (genetic locus if protein is unknown) Clinical [mhmedical.com]

Walking pattern described as “spastic gait” occurs in which the following elements are present, each to variable degree in different individuals: a) heel strike is shifted forward (landing on the mid-foot or even further forward on the balls of the feet [rarediseases.org]

gait Spastic walk 0002064 Urinary incontinence Loss of bladder control 0000020 Showing of 36 Last updated: 5/1/2019 Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Diagnosis of SPG is established by the following clinical features 1, 2 : Typical clinical symptoms of spastic gait impairment and neurologic findings of spastic weakness, hyperreflexia, typically associated with bilateral extensor plantar responses A [centogene.com]

If symptoms begin during the teenage years or later, then spastic gait disturbance usually progresses over many years. [en.wikipedia.org]

OMIM : 57 Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-46 (SPG46) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset in childhood of slowly progressive spastic paraplegia and cerebellar signs. [malacards.org]

signs, nystagmus, distal or generalized muscle atrophy and cognitive impairment. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Cerebellar signs were present in 4 patients (family I) and consisted of a dysarthric cerebellar speech, dysmetria, and abnormal rapid alternating movements in the upper extremities. [ajnr.org]

Patients with cerebellar signs were screened for mutations in FXN, SACS, and the common spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs 1–8) prior to being included in the study. The complete data collection form is available as appendix e-1 at Neurology.org/ng. [ng.neurology.org]

A trace of terminal dysmetria may also be found in the upper limbs, but more florid cerebellar signs are not seen. [jnnp.bmj.com]

HSP clinical syndromes may be limited to difficulty walking due to lower extremity spastic weakness (“uncomplicated HSP”) or may include other neurologic or systemic disturbances (“complicated HSP”). [mhmedical.com]

All forms of HSP, complicated and uncomplicated, share the primary symptom of lower-extremity spastic weakness. [invitae.com]

Spastic paraplegia is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness. [blueprintgenetics.com]

The following individuals are candidates for spastic paraplegia-related gene testing: Individuals with a family history of hereditary spastic paraplegia and presentation of lower extremity spasticity and weakness and other common symptoms Individuals [centogene.com]

Pure HSPs are characterized by slowly progressive lower extremity spasticity and weakness, corticospinal tract signs, variable hypertonic urinary disturbances, and mild reduction of lower extremity vibration sense and proprioception. [ng.neurology.org]

Kosofsky, Weill-Cornell University Medical Center - Neurologic Manifestations of Medical Disorders-John C. Probasco, Johns Hopkins University [books.google.com]