Presentation
Bacillus cereus typically presents as a gastrointestinal infection, but rarely manifests as systemic disease. This report describes a case of B. cereus-related endocarditis that presented as a sickle cell crisis and bacteremia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The present results provided evidence for B. cereus food poisoning in a young, healthy man. [doi.org]
Entire Body System
- Fever
During week 4 of reinduction the patient had abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, with severe neutropenia but no fever. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Swelling
We also found that our purified cereulide caused swelling of mitochondria of HEp-2 cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The rice culture filtrate of Bacillus cereus isolated from emetic-type food poisoning causes mitochondrial swelling in a HEp-2 cell. Microbiol Immunol 1994 ;38: 337 - 343 29. Deschamps D, Fisch C, Fromenty B, Berson A, Degott C, Pessayre D. [doi.org]
Treatment with C3 resulted in enlarged cells that appeared to be swelling directly after bursting. The deformed cells appear to not divide, but elongate into a cell with irregular curvatures. [nature.com]
- Inflammation
As a result of the relapsing B. cereus peritonitis diagnosis and a CT scan showing contraction of the peritoneum after longstanding inflammation, the peritoneal catheter was removed and the patient converted to haemodialysis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Cell wall structures of B. cereus including peptidoglycan, S-layer, capsules, and techoic acids are being studied for their ability to cause intraocular inflammation. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]
Kaakoush and Si Ming Man, A multicomponent toxin from Bacillus cereus incites inflammation and shapes host outcome via the NLRP3 inflammasome, Nature Microbiology, 10.1038/s41564-018-0318-0, (2018). Laura M. [doi.org]
Respiratoric
- Pneumonia
B. cereus should be kept in mind as a target of empirical treatment when neutropenic patients develop pneumonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Dyspnea
Respiratory symptoms such as cough and dyspnea, and gastrointestinal symptoms (occult blood in the stool) were present. [jaclinicalreports.springeropen.com]
This causes the sudden onset of hyperacute illness with dyspnea, cyanosis, high fever, and disorientation, which progress in a few hours to shock, coma, and death. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Cough
Respiratory symptoms such as cough and dyspnea, and gastrointestinal symptoms (occult blood in the stool) were present. [jaclinicalreports.springeropen.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Food Poisoning
Bacillus cereus cereulide food poisoning acute encephalopathy mitochondrial β-oxidation Accepted December 4, 2009. [doi.org]
Learn about this topic in these articles: food spoilage In bacillus For example, B. cereus sometimes causes spoilage in canned foods and food poisoning of short duration. [britannica.com]
Neither emetic toxin nor cytotoxin K gene, usually present in food poisoning strains, were found in the hospital strains, except for one patient isolate. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Abdominal Cramps
The second type is manifested primarily by abdominal cramps and diarrhea following an incubation period of 8 to 16 hours. Diarrhea may be a small volume or profuse and watery. [textbookofbacteriology.net]
Symptoms include: Abdominal cramps Watery diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Onset time: Type 1: 10-16 hours Type 2: 1-6 hours Infective Dose: Large numbers (more than 10 5 CFU/gm) of viable Bacillus cereus cells need to be consumed for symptoms of the illness [food.unl.edu]
cramps and diarrhea; both forms are usually mild and self-limiting (24 hrs); immunocompromised individuals are susceptible to bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia; also associated with posttraumatic endophthalmitis (ocular infection - rare [msdsonline.com]
The first type causes watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and pain. The symptoms can begin 6 to 15 hours after eating contaminated food. The second type of illness is called the emetic form. [ohioline.osu.edu]
Cardiovascular
- Hypotension
In the second week of reinduction, she had abdominal pain followed by hypotension. Again, no fever was noted. Laboratory studies showed intravascular hemolysis 12 hours after admission. Aggressive support was promptly initiated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Dopamine, dobutamine, and noradrenaline were administered for hypotension. [jaclinicalreports.springeropen.com]
Musculoskeletal
- Muscle Cramp
Upon arrival she was moribund with coma, diffuse bleeding, and severe muscle cramps. She died within 20 min, at 13 h after the meal. [jcm.asm.org]
Neurologic
- Confusion
Despite these apparently clear phenotypic definitions, early molecular approaches to separate the first three by various DNA hybridization and 16S/23S ribosomal sequence analyses led to some "confusion" because there were limited differences to differentiate [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Identification of Bacillus spp. containing the B. anthracis virulence genes and able to cause severe respiratory illness that could potentially be confused with inhalation anthrax adds substantially to the complexity of clinical and laboratory diagnosis [doi.org]
Treatment
After treatment with vancomycin, also shown to be effective in vitro, no clinical improvement was noted and the patient died. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
These results suggested that the vrrA gene may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of endophthalmitis, and genotyping of B. cereus has the potential for predicting clinical manifestation and prognosis of endophthalmitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
You may also have a worse prognosis if you: Are a newborn. Are already hospitalized. Don’t start antibiotics promptly for a non-intestinal infection. [my.clevelandclinic.org]
Fulminant sepsis caused by Bacillus cereus in patients with hematologic malignancies: analysis of its prognosis and risk factors. Leuk Lymphoma. 2010;51(5):860–9. View Article PubMed Google Scholar Kassar R, Hachem R, Jiang Y, Chaftari A, Raad I. [ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com]
Etiology
The panC sequence based phylogenetic affiliation of the B. cereus strains, together with findings of the retrospective cohort analyses, helped determining their etiological role. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
We report on the epidemiological and microbiological investigation of three outbreaks of food poisoning (A, B, and C) in Austria in 2013. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 51 (16), 122 - 123. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/220804 Journal Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 51 (16): 122 - 123 [apps.who.int]
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Bacillus cereus Causal agent Bacillus cereus food poisoning is a gastrointestinal intoxication caused by toxins produced by the Bacillus cereus bacterium. [healthknowledge.org.uk]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology The pathogenicity of B. cereus, whether inside or outside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is associated with exoenzyme production. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Discussion Proven invasive infections due to Bacillus cereus have been reported among immunosuppressed patients, particularly preterm neonates, but given the scarcity of cases, the pathophysiology of these infections is not well known. [hindawi.com]
Since beta cell dysfunction and cell death plays a key role in pathophysiology of diabetes, these results render it possible that a long-termed uptake of cereulide-contaminated food could have some implications in diabetes ( Vangoitsenhoven et al., 2014 [frontiersin.org]
Prevention
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China. 4 4 College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]