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Bacterial Sinusitis
Bacterial Sinus Inflammation

Presentation

In addition, the presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis can be similar to the presentation of other causes of headache. [cureus.com]

Anatomy of the sinuses Ethmoid and maxillary sinuses are formed in utero and are present at birth. Frontal sinuses are not present until age 5-6 years. [meddean.luc.edu]

The predictive value of these signs and symptoms was 81% with 4 predictors present, and it was 92% with all 5 predictors present [16]. However, radiographic studies in general cannot distinguish between viral and bacterial causes of sinusitis. [academic.oup.com]

Patients should be advised of the need to re-present if any red flag symptoms should arise (Box 2). Box 2. [racgp.org.au]

Workup

The patient had an extensive workup outside the hospital including temporal artery biopsy, CT angiogram of the head and neck which were all reportedly negative. [cureus.com]

Objective/s This article provides an overview of acute and chronic sinusitis, and a guide to workup and management in a primary care setting. Complications and other indications for referral are discussed. [racgp.org.au]

See Workup for more detail. Management Treatment of acute sinusitis consists of providing adequate drainage of the involved sinus and appropriate systemic treatment of the likely bacterial pathogens. [emedicine.medscape.com]

A thorough diagnostic workup should be performed to rule out any underlying conditions, including allergies, asthma, immune system problems, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, and structural problems in the nasal passages. [mountsinai.org]

Treatment

Placebo recipients with unresolved infection would be offered treatment. [academic.oup.com]

The effects of treatment with antibiotics, laser and acupuncture upon chronic maxillary sinusitis in children. Am J Chin Med, 1982;10(1-40):55-8. 23. Yarnell E, Abascal K, Hooper CG. [passeportsante.net]

These differences between treatments were not statistically significant. A low incidence of generally mild adverse clinical experiences occurred in both treatment groups. [jamanetwork.com]

Treatment Symptomatic relief is the primary goal in the treatment of viral rhinosinusitis. [ajmc.com]

In severe cases or cases that do not respond to treatment, a nasal endoscopy may be done to aid diagnosis and treatment. [ada.com]

Prognosis

Prevention, and Complications Prognosis Generally good in acute bacterial sinusitis can be fatal in diabetic or immunocompromised patients with invasive fungal disease Complications osteomyellitis mucocele meningitis epidural abcess cerebral abscess [step2.medbullets.com]

J Laryngol Otol. 2002, 116:667-676. 10.1258/002221502760237920 van der Poel NA, Mourits MP, de Win MML, Coutinho JM, Dikkers FG: Prognosis of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis remarkably improved: a case series of 12 patients and literature review. [cureus.com]

The black eschar of the palate (necrotic hard-palate lesions that respect the midline) is a hallmark of this disease unfortunately; if no treatment begins before this the patient’s prognosis is poor. [atsu.edu]

Lancet 335:1077-8, 1990 Stern RC, Boat TF, Wood RE, Matthews LW, Doershuk CF: Treatment and prognosis of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis. [med.stanford.edu]

Predicting prognosis and effect of antibiotic treatment in rhinosinusitis. Ann Fam Med. 2006;4(6):486–93. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 20. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health care guideline: acute sinusitis in adults. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology

Table 2 Viral and bacterial etiology of acute sinusitis. Table 2 Viral and bacterial etiology of acute sinusitis. [academic.oup.com]

Sinusitis Summary Definition Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Subtypes and variants Nasal polyps Primary ciliary dyskinesia Diagnostics Treatment Complications [amboss.com]

Cefdinir versus levofloxacin in patients with acute rhinosinusitis of presumed bacterial etiology: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. Clinical Therapeutics, 26(12): 2026-2033, 2004. [ti.ubc.ca]

Etiology and antimicrobial treatment of acute sinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1981;90(3 Pt 3):68–71. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 13. Van Cauwenberge P, Verschraegen G, Van Renterghem L. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology

References: [4] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Abnormalities visible on the CT scan persisted in 20% of patients at 2 weeks, yet epidemiological studies have shown that acute bacterial rhinosinusitis develops in only 0.5% to 2% of upper respiratory infections in adults. [mdedge.com]

“Epidemiology and economic impact of rhinosinusitis”. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. vol. 193. 2004. pp. 3-5. (This article describes the epidemiology of sinusitis and its economic impact in the United States.) [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

Epidemiology and burden of nasal congestion. Stewart M, Ferguson B, Fromer L. Int J Gen Med. 2010 Apr 8;3:37-45. 28. De la rhinite allergique aux pathologies sinusiennes (sinusite/polypose) : les liens épidémiologiques et expérimentaux. P. Demoly. [passeportsante.net]

Pathophysiology

Sinusitis Summary Definition Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Subtypes and variants Nasal polyps Primary ciliary dyskinesia Diagnostics Treatment Complications [amboss.com]

(See Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Etiology.) [emedicine.medscape.com]

By evaluating the respiratory tract as one continuous structure, it becomes easier to understand the underlying pathophysiology and treatment of sinus disease in CF. [med.stanford.edu]

Pathophysiology The ostiomeatal complex, the area at the confluence of drainage from the sinuses, is particularly vulnerable to inflammatory changes, swelling, and obstruction. [aafp.org]

Anatomic and pathophysiologic considerations". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 94 (2): 143–7. doi:10.1177/019459988609400202. PMID 3083326. S2CID 34575985. ^ Liang J, Lane AP (March 2013). "Topical Drug Delivery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis". [en.wikipedia.org]

Prevention

[…] care to prevent the spread of colds or the flu in the home and community can help prevent some cases of bacterial sinusitis. [ada.com]

Preventing Sinusitis As always, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. [entsc.com]

How can sinusitis be prevented? As always, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. [ashfordclinic.com]

Can I Prevent Sinusitis? You can lower your risk of getting sinusitis by making some simple changes in your home environment. [kidshealth.org]

Secondary prevention Secondary prevention minimizes symptoms and exacerbation of CRS and recurrent ARS when symptoms are initially detected. Saline nasal irrigation is recommended for secondary prevention and after sinus surgery. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

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