Presentation
A review of medical records of 4 cases of BT who presented with differing signs and symptoms was performed. Clinical manifestations of 4 patients with BT are presented with corresponding endoscopic appearances of the airway. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Fever
It is wise for the physician to maintain a high index of suspicion for bacterial tracheitis especially in those children with fever and an upper airway obstruction who fail to exhibit the typical clinical features of croup or epiglottits. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Respiratoric
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Stridor
In patients with Down's syndrome presenting with stridor tracheitis should be considered and appropriate treatment started. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Physical The following physical findings may be noted: Inspiratory stridor (with or without expiratory stridor) Fever Barklike or brassy cough Hoarseness Worsening or abruptly occurring stridor Varying degrees of respiratory distress Retractions Dyspnea [emedicine.medscape.com]
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Cough
Bacterial tracheitis is the term used to describe a severe infraglottic infection characterized by toxicity, brassy cough, inspiratory stridor, subglottic oedema and the presence of copious mucopurulent secretions in the trachea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Cough is frequent and not painful. [emedicine.medscape.com]
[…] by Yehuda Wolf, MPA, PA-C Bacterial Tracheitis Patient will be 3 – 5 years old Complaining of high fever, barky cough, stridor Treat as airway emergency! [roshreview.com]
Hence, the initial symptoms of cough, runny nose, and low-grade fever, may be present. [dovemed.com]
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Hoarseness
A previously healthy young adult presented with inspiratory stridor and hoarseness but minimal dysphagia. Indirect laryngoscopy and lateral neck X-rays confirmed a diagnosis of membranous tracheitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Physical examination can reveal a hoarse voice, coryza, normal to moderately inflamed pharynx, and a slightly increased respiratory rate. Patients vary substantially in their degrees of respiratory distress. [clinicalgate.com]
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Pertussis
Other infections like pertussis ( whooping cough ) is more likely to cause an upper respiratory tact infection but a lower tract infection is also a possibility. Pertussis is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. [healthhype.com]
Agentes causales: Hemofillus hinluenzae, Bordetella pertussis. [pinterest.es]
Few cases of acute bronchitis are caused by Bordetella pertussis or atypical bacteria, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. [aafp.org]
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Purulent Sputum
Cough is usually productive with purulent sputum. [1,2,3] Hoarseness Due to the mild inflammation in the vocal apparatus, an impairment in the ability to produce voice can be witnessed. [1,2,4] No drooling This is an important negative finding; unlike [explainmedicine.com]
Jaw & Teeth
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Trismus
Response to racemic epinephrine Very good No response No/partial response TABLE 2 Clinical features of other causes of acute upper airway obstruction Fever Cough Voice Stridor Specific features Peritonsillar abscess Present Absent Muffled / Sore throat Trismus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
Febrile infants (up to eight weeks of age) with AOM should have a full sepsis workup. [aafp.org]
X-Ray
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Right Pleural Effusion
She also had an enlarging right pleural effusion, and on day 8 of ECMO, she developed cardiac tamponade from what proved to be a right-sided hemohydrothorax of unclear etiology. This required surgical exploration and placement of 2 chest tubes. [rc.rcjournal.com]
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Pulmonary Infiltrate
Concurrent pneumonia is often associated with increased disease severity; the largest case series reported that only those patients with pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph required endotracheal intubation ( 12, 16, 21 ). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
Since the treatment and outcome of bacterial tracheitis differ so much from those of viral laryngotracheobronchitis and epiglottitis, prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatments in Hyderabad Tracheitis Treatments in Ahmedabad Tracheitis Treatments in Surat Tracheitis Treatments in Kochi [medeguru.com]
Prognosis
What is the Prognosis of Bacterial Tracheitis? The prognosis of a child with Bacterial Tracheitis depends on the severity of the condition. [epainassist.com]
The most effective way to prevent Bacterial Tracheitis is vaccination Vaccination against influenza, measles, and streptococcus pneumoniae, is essential for all children to prevent development of the infection What is the Prognosis of Bacterial Tracheitis [dovemed.com]
Prevention, and Complications Prognosis average to good, depending on timing of diagnosis and aggressiveness of treatment Prevention proactive medical management of croup and other upper respiratory infections Complications respiratory decompensation [medbullets.com]
Etiology
The authors review the pediatric literature and postulate possible etiological factors. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive airway management are essential to survival. Early tracheotomy is recommended as the primary form of airway management. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent. Occasionally Moraxella catarrhalis or Hemophilus influenza may be identified as causative agents. [calsprogram.org]
[…] inflammation that starts on anterior surface of epiglottis - supraglottis structures which leads to critical narrowing of the respiratory tract & causes stridor -rapid progression -tripod position (upright, bracing themselves on their hands) List the common etiologic [quizlet.com]
Consistent with its frequent post-viral etiology, the peak incidence correlates with winter viruses such as influenza, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. [rc.rcjournal.com]
In the past, Haemophilus influenzae type b was the most commonly identified etiology of acute epiglottitis. [clinicalgate.com]
Epidemiology
CONCLUSIONS: Immunization against Haemophilus influenza type b and widespread use of corticosteroids for the treatment of viral croup have changed the epidemiology of acute infectious upper airway disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Hopkins, A., et al., Changing epidemiology of life-threatening upper airway infections: the reemergence of bacterial tracheitis. Pediatrics, 2006. 118(4): p. 1418-21 [carolinascoreconcepts.com]
Describe the pertinent epidemiologic features of epiglottitis rare, since the introduction of the Hib vaccine ( most often affects children age 2-7 life threatening due to obstruction of airway Describe the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis -difficulty [quizlet.com]
Pathophysiology
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY In bacterial tracheitis, pathogenic bacteria invade the trachea and stimulate both local and systemic inflammatory responses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] barking cough, stridor, and fever; however, patients with bacterial tracheitis do not respond to standard croup therapy (racemic epinephrine) and instead require treatment with antibiotics and may experience acute respiratory decompensation. [1, 2, 3, 22] Pathophysiology [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology Viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) causes nasopharyngeal inflammation that may spread to the larynx and trachea, causing subglottal inflammation, oedema and compromise of the airway at its narrowest portion. [patient.info]
Prevention
Most patients required endotracheal intubation and frequent tracheal toilet to prevent serious airway obstruction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The most effective way to prevent Bacterial Tracheitis is vaccination Vaccination against influenza, measles, and streptococcus pneumoniae, is essential for all children to prevent development of the infection What is the Prognosis of Bacterial Tracheitis [dovemed.com]
Clinicians must recognize this disease promptly to prevent impending airway obstruction and its associated complications, which include acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]