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Barbiturate Overdose
Barbiturates Overdose
Presentation
- A urine drug screen for barbiturates should be ordered in any patient presenting with a clinical history or symptoms suggestive of barbiturate overdose. Urine drug screens provide rapid turnaround time and are available in most laboratories.[clinicaladvisor.com]
- This presents a problem besides the obvious danger of addiction, seeing as this is a prescription drug and it cannot simply be bought at will.[addictionresource.com]
- Presents detailed discussions of common diseases, as well as highlights of more rare diseases and their unique features that could be of importance in the perioperative period.[books.google.com]
- The feeling is gone, but the drug is still present in the body. Typically drug users who consume alcohol or other sedatives after the effects of barbiturates have worn off don’t wait until it has cleared the system.[blog.palmpartners.com]
- Barbiturates are depressant drugs that have strong sedative effects on the nervous system, but aren't as commonly prescribed in present day as in the '60s and '70s, when death by barbiturates was far more common.[ranker.com]
Entire Body System
Hypothermia
- Barbiturate overdose may cause some of these toxicity symptoms: apnea ataxia vertigo lethargy hypoxia delirium paranoia irritability drowsiness tachycardia bradycardia hypotension hypothermia hyperhidrosis slurred speech hypoventilation combativeness[healthblurbs.com]
- In addition, with an overdose, a person may suffer from hypothermia, hypotension, and respiratory depression. Chronic Symptoms Continued substance abuse causes chronic problems.[lasencinashospital.com]
- The most common physical exam findings seen in a barbiturate overdose are: Low body temperature (hypothermia) Low blood pressure (hypotension) Decreased breathing rate (respiratory depression) Treatment Most overdoses of depressant medications are mixtures[aycnp.org]
- The most common physical exam findings seen in a barbituate overdose are: Low body temperature (hypothermia) Low blood pressure (hypotension) Decreased breathing rate (respiratory depression) Treatment Most overdoses of depressant medications are mixtures[healthmedicinet.com]
- Obtain a rectal temperature to check for hypothermia. If the patient is hypothermic, immediately initiate a careful rewarming (to avoid precipitating a fall in blood pressure).[emedicine.medscape.com]
Gastric Lavage
- The efficacy of gastric lavage as it is practiced in a major metropolitan hospital was evaluated.[dx.doi.org]
- Gastric lavage— The putative clinical benefit of gastric lavage has never been unequivocally demonstrated; on the other hand, the severe complications that have been observed in controlled trials include aspiration, hypoxia, pneumonia, perforation, and[doi.org]
- If emesis is contraindicated, gastric lavage may be performed with a cuffed endotracheal tube in place with the patient in the face down position. Activated charcoal may be left in the emptied stomach and a saline cathartic administered. 5.[rxlist.com]
Pathologist
- Confidently prepare for the upcoming recertification exams for clinical pathologists set to begin in 2016.[books.google.com]
Cardiovascular
Hypotension
- Barbiturate overdose may cause some of these toxicity symptoms: apnea ataxia vertigo lethargy hypoxia delirium paranoia irritability drowsiness tachycardia bradycardia hypotension hypothermia hyperhidrosis slurred speech hypoventilation combativeness[healthblurbs.com]
- In addition, with an overdose, a person may suffer from hypothermia, hypotension, and respiratory depression. Chronic Symptoms Continued substance abuse causes chronic problems.[lasencinashospital.com]
- Characteristics of barbiturate overdose include central nervous system (CNS) depression, hypotension, constricted pupils reacting to light, and depression of cardiovascular system. Moderate barbiturate intoxication may look like alcohol poisoning.[clinicaladvisor.com]
- It is barbituratelike in its activity at the GABA receptor, its pharmacologic effects (respiratory depression and hypotension), and its lipophilic nature. However, its chemical structure is not analogous.[emedicine.medscape.com]
Tachycardia
- Barbiturate overdose may cause some of these toxicity symptoms: apnea ataxia vertigo lethargy hypoxia delirium paranoia irritability drowsiness tachycardia bradycardia hypotension hypothermia hyperhidrosis slurred speech hypoventilation combativeness[healthblurbs.com]
- Severe tachycardia (elevated heart rate). Very high blood pressure. Dangerously high body temperature. Sweating. Nausea. Confusion. Severe anxiety or agitation. Psychosis. Tremors. Seizures. Stroke.[drugabuse.com]
- […] overdosage with barbiturates is manifested by CNS and respiratory depression which may progress to Cheyne- Stokes respiration, areflexia, constriction of the pupils to a slight degree (though in severe poisoning they may wshow paralytic dilation ), oliguria, tachycardia[rxlist.com]
Orthostatic Hypotension
- These symptoms usually appear in the following order: anxiety, muscle twitching, tremor of hands and fingers, progressive weakness, dizziness, distortion in visual perception, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and orthostatic hypotension.[rxlist.com]
Musculoskeletal
Bone Pain
- […] spots in mouth Sore throat Fever Swelling of eyelids, face, or lips Wheezing or tightness in chest Confusion Mental depression Unusual excitement Hallucinations Unusual bleeding or bruising Unusual tiredness or weakness With long-term or chronic use Bone[blog.palmpartners.com]
Eyes
Swelling of Eyelid
- Health Risks Some common health risks and effects of Barbiturates include: Bleeding sores on lips Chest pain Fever Muscle or joint pain Red, thickened, or scaly skin Skin rash or hives Sores, ulcers, or white spots in mouth Sore throat Fever Swelling[blog.palmpartners.com]
Skin
Blister
- Blisters develop at sites of friction. Histopathology reveals intraepidermal blisters below the granular layer. Edema blisters.[dermatologyadvisor.com]
- Blisters. If you suspect an overdose, call 911 immediately. If possible, be ready to provide the dispatcher with: The user’s age, height, and weight. Amount of the drug taken. When it was taken. Whether it was prescribed.[recovery.org]
- […] barbiturates) Paranoia Respiratory depression Apnea (interruptions in breathing) Lack of oxygen in body tissues Either rapid or very slow heart rate Dangerously low blood pressure Heavy sweating Shock Decreased bowel sounds (barbiturates) Barbiturate blisters[intheknowzone.com]
Hyperhidrosis
- Barbiturate overdose may cause some of these toxicity symptoms: apnea ataxia vertigo lethargy hypoxia delirium paranoia irritability drowsiness tachycardia bradycardia hypotension hypothermia hyperhidrosis slurred speech hypoventilation combativeness[healthblurbs.com]
Neurologic
Slurred Speech
- Barbiturate overdose may cause some of these toxicity symptoms: apnea ataxia vertigo lethargy hypoxia delirium paranoia irritability drowsiness tachycardia bradycardia hypotension hypothermia hyperhidrosis slurred speech hypoventilation combativeness[healthblurbs.com]
- The signs and symptoms of Barbiturate Intoxication and Overdose may include: Slurred speech Delayed thought process Altered level of consciousness Fatigue, drowsiness Shallow breathing Lack of coordination, staggering Lack of proper judgment Coma How[dovemed.com]
- If your loved one has inappropriately used barbiturates, he or she may display poor judgment, slow speech, and slurred speech. He or she may move differently because of sluggishness and problems with coordination.[lasencinashospital.com]
- speech Sluggishness Staggering Excessive and long-term use of barbiturates, such as phenobarbital, may produce the following chronic symptoms: Changes in alertness Decreased functioning Irritability Memory loss The health care provider will monitor the[nlm.nih.gov]
- Symptoms of acute barbiturate intoxication include: Altered level of consciousness Difficulty in thinking Drowsiness or coma Faulty judgment Incoordination Shallow breathing Slowness of speech Sluggishness Slurred speech Staggering Exams and Tests Physical[aycnp.org]
Confusion
- Barbiturates include: Bleeding sores on lips Chest pain Fever Muscle or joint pain Red, thickened, or scaly skin Skin rash or hives Sores, ulcers, or white spots in mouth Sore throat Fever Swelling of eyelids, face, or lips Wheezing or tightness in chest Confusion[blog.palmpartners.com]
- Overdose Symptoms Common symptoms of a barbiturate overdose include heavily garbled speech, agitation, severe mental confusion or disorientation, partial or total loss of normal reflexes, severe muscle weakness, uncontrollable sleepiness, inability to[drugaddictiontreatment.com]
- Confusion. Agitation. Incoordination. Coma. Skin rash. Blisters. If you suspect an overdose, call 911 immediately. If possible, be ready to provide the dispatcher with: The user’s age, height, and weight. Amount of the drug taken. When it was taken.[recovery.org]
- Confusion. Severe anxiety or agitation. Psychosis. Tremors. Seizures. Stroke.[drugabuse.com]
- Here are some similarities and differences between the two often confused drugs.[patmoorefoundation.com]
Lethargy
- Barbiturate overdose may cause some of these toxicity symptoms: apnea ataxia vertigo lethargy hypoxia delirium paranoia irritability drowsiness tachycardia bradycardia hypotension hypothermia hyperhidrosis slurred speech hypoventilation combativeness[healthblurbs.com]
- Symptoms include: Lethargy Low body temperature Decreased pupil response to light Rapid eye movements Crossed eyes or "walleyes (barbiturates) Dizziness Drowsiness Blurred vision (benzodiazepines) Slurred speech Staggering Decreased deep tendon reflexes[intheknowzone.com]
- Signs and Symptoms of Barbiturate Abuse: Difficulty thinking Poor judgment Slow and shallow breathing Talking slow Lethargy Extreme sleepiness or even coma Poor coordination Inability to walk properly, staggering or stumbling If a person uses too much[narconon.org]
- Short-term memory problems, lack of motor coordination, chronic lethargy, nervousness, and sensitivity to noise are possible signs of an addiction involving barbiturates.[townsendla.com]
- These cures for catatonia allowed patients, for a few hours, to maintain conversations and interact with their environment, before returning to their state of lethargy.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Ataxia
- Barbiturate overdose may cause some of these toxicity symptoms: apnea ataxia vertigo lethargy hypoxia delirium paranoia irritability drowsiness tachycardia bradycardia hypotension hypothermia hyperhidrosis slurred speech hypoventilation combativeness[healthblurbs.com]
- They also cause drowsiness, slurred speech, ataxia, decreased anxiety and a loss of inhibitions. The danger of abusing barbiturates is respiratory depression, which can cause breathing to slow and stop altogether.[treatment4addiction.com]
- Larger doses can cause hostility, anxiety, body ataxia, slurred speech, paranoia and suicidal thoughts. The risk of falling over or having an accident is also increased.[news-medical.net]
- Supratherapeutic doses lead to marked impairment of mental and motor faculties i.e. distortion of judgment, clouding of perception, slurring of speech and ataxia.[rxmed.com]
- Less than 1 in 100 patients: Adverse reactions estimated to occur at a rate of less than 1 in 100 patients listed below, grouped by organ system, and by decreasing order of occurrence are: Nervous system: Agitation, confusion, hyperkinesia, ataxia, CNS[rxlist.com]
Amnesia
- Staggering Decreased deep tendon reflexes (barbiturates) Poor muscle tone (benzodiazepines) Hallucinations (benzodiazepines) Unresponsiveness (benzodiazepines) Memory disturbances Poor judgment Limited attention span Irritability Anxiety (benzodiazepines) Amnesia[intheknowzone.com]
- It causes sudden loss of consciousness with amnesia afterward; its use can be highly dangerous, particularly in an overdose or in mixed intoxications.[doi.org]
Treatment
- The treatment of barbiturate abuse or overdose is generally supportive. The amount of support required depends on the person's symptoms.[en.wikipedia.org]
- Dual Diagnosis Treatment Dual diagnosis provides treatment for addiction while also addressing the symptoms of the individual’s mental condition. Learn about the different levels of care available and find a treatment program that’s right for you.[denversprings.com]
Prognosis
- […] staggering gait, and shallow breathing There is no specific antidote available for barbiturate overdose; the treatment generally involves providing respiratory support, such as through a breathing machine, until the drug is cleared from the body The prognosis[dovemed.com]
- Outlook (Prognosis) For barbiturate overdose or mixture overdose, the death rate is about 10%, and can be higher if proper treatment is not readily given. Early deaths result from cardiovascular collapse and respiratory arrest.[aycnp.org]
- Expectations (prognosis) About 1 in 10 people who have abarbiturate overdose or mixture overdose will die. They usually die from heart and lung problems.[indiatoday.intoday.in]
- Prognosis When it comes to a prognosis of barbiturates overdose, it is far from bright. Presently, one in ten users dies from barbiturates overdose. In most cases, the cause of death is lung or heart failure.[addictionresource.com]
Etiology
- (Etiology) Barbiturates are antidepressant drugs primarily prescribed for anxiety and sleep-related disorders. They act on the central nervous system causing a wide array of effects.[dovemed.com]
- Etiology Coma blisters are caused by pressure leading to local hypoxia and necrosis. It was once believed to be associated with barbiturate overdose, by way of direct toxic affect on the eccrine glands leading to necrosis.[dermatologyadvisor.com]
Epidemiology
- Journal of Epidemiology. in press. 【解説】 生活保護受給者における精神病床入院の地域差に関する研究 Journal of Epidemiologyに主著論文が掲載されました。[blue.zero.jp]
- Clinical epidemiology Health problems caused by longstanding tobacco and ethanol consumption can be thought of as types of chronic poisoning.[doi.org]
Sex distribution
Age distribution
Pathophysiology
- Marschall, remains your go-to reference for concise, thorough coverage of pathophysiology of the most common diseases and their medical management relevant to anesthesia.[books.google.com]
Prevention
- Prevention & Expectations What can be done to prevent the condition? All drugs should be kept in their original containers out of the reach of children. Childproof caps should be used in households with small children.[medicineonline.com]
- […] and Abuse of Drugs 6 Prescription Drug Abuse and Misuse A Global Perspective 8 Effect of Barbiturates on the Body 21 History of Medical Uses of Barbiturates 30 Current Medical Uses of Barbiturates 38 Illegal Use of Barbiturates 44 Identification and Prevention[books.google.com]
- Preventing Cocaine Overdose The only sure way to prevent cocaine overdose is to stop using cocaine. Those who continue to use it will notice that their cocaine tolerance builds quickly.[drugabuse.com]
- How to prevent Barbiturate Overdose? The main way to prevent an overdose in barbiturate is to take the medications according to the order of the physician.[overdoseinfo.com]