Despite severe stroke at presentation, good functional recovery at 3 months (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 1) occurred in 2 patients; mRS 4 in 1, and 2 died. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Camping

  Arch Neurol. 2004;61:496–504. [ PubMed ] 12. von Campe G, Regli F, Bogousslavsky J. Heralding manifestations of basilar artery occlusion with lethal or severe stroke. J Neruol Neurosurge Psychiatry. 2003;74:1621–6. 13. [westjem.com]

  Heralding manifestations of basilar artery occlusion with lethal or severe stroke G von Campe, F Regli, J Bogousslavsky Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Correspondence to: Professor Julien [jnnp.bmj.com]

• Tinnitus

  Major neurological symptoms include deafness on the affected side, the weakness of facial muscles, dizziness true (system), nausea and vomiting, nystagmus, tinnitus, and cerebellar ataxia, Horner's syndrome, paresis of horizontal gaze. [minclinic.ru]

  Yet another cause is “Pulsatile Tinnitus” — when a person hears their own blood flow — a whooshing sound in the ear, usually on the side of the dissection. There are also many other causes of pulsatile tinnitus. [neuroangio.org]

  Differential diagnosis Symptoms associated with vertebral artery occlusive disease include dizziness, vertigo, diplopia, perioral numbness, blurred vision, tinnitus, ataxia, bilateral sensory deficits, and syncope, all of which can be caused by other [patient.info]

  Hypaesthesia or anaesthesia •Cerebellar signs •Vertigo,nausea, vomiting, directional nystagmus •Disturbance of respiration, blood pressure and heart rate •Headache, •Incontinence •Oculomotor signs •Facial palsy •Double vision, strabismus, skew deviation •Tinnitus [omicsonline.org]

  […] mentioned in table 2 included “malaise,” described as a sensation of impending death or general uneasiness in 10 patients; breathing difficulties in four patients; abnormal movements referred to as “seizures” in five patients; and sudden hearing loss or tinnitus [jnnp.bmj.com]

• Lacrimation

  […] palatine ) artery of the pterygoid canal sphenopalatine ( posterior septal branches, posterior lateral nasal ) pharyngeal IC cervical carotid sinus petrous Vidian caroticotympanic cavernous / ophthalmic orbital group: anterior ethmoidal posterior ethmoidal lacrimal [en.wikipedia.org]

• Hemianopsia

  Biemond emphasized amnesia, hemianopsia, and other posterior cerebral artery manifestations of basilar artery distribution ischemia ( Biemond 1951 ). [medlink.com]

• Headache

  J Neurosurg Sci. 1999 Mar; 43(1): 25-36. 13) Headache Classfication Subcommittee of International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders; 2 nd Edition. [jhsnet.org]

  Thirty-six hours after sustaining a head injury in the occipital region, a young man developed vomiting, headache, dizziness and truncal ataxia, without signs of focal impairment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] basilar artery stroke include the following: Balance difficulty Vertigo Double vision or loss of vision Loss of coordination Swallowing difficulty Difficulty pronouncing words Numbness Weakness in one-half of the body Nausea Memory loss Incontinence Headache [verywell.com]

• Ataxia

  Thirty-six hours after sustaining a head injury in the occipital region, a young man developed vomiting, headache, dizziness and truncal ataxia, without signs of focal impairment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Major neurological symptoms include deafness on the affected side, the weakness of facial muscles, dizziness true (system), nausea and vomiting, nystagmus, tinnitus, and cerebellar ataxia, Horner's syndrome, paresis of horizontal gaze. [minclinic.ru]

  A rare syndrome -- Wernekinck syndrome, consists of INO, bilateral ataxia and palatal tremor (Dai and Wasay, 2006; Liu et al, 2012). The lesion is in the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

  Pontine syndromes: Tremor, ataxia and mild hemiparesis. Horizontal gaze palsy. Cranial nerve VI and VII palsies. Medullary syndromes: Loss of facial pain and temperature sensation (ipsilateral). Horner's syndrome. Ataxia (ipsilateral). [patient.info]

• Aura

  […] thrombosis, Cerebral venous thrombosis, Cerebrovascular accident, Embolic stroke, Haemorrhage intracranial, Haemorrhagic stroke, Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis, Ischaemic cerebral infarction, Ischaemic stroke, Lacunar infarction, Migraine with aura [mymemory.translated.net]

• Cerebellar Ataxia

  Descending tract and nucleus fifth nerve Ataxia of limbs, falling to side of lesion Uncertain — restiform body, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar fibers, spinocerebellar tract (?) [minclinic.ru]

A head CT was recommended for her headache, but she refused further workup. A presumptive diagnosis of sinusitis was made and she was treated with amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic suspension and discharged home. [westjem.com]

(See Etiology and Workup.) Diffusion-weighted MRI images showing a right cerebellar infarct. [emedicine.medscape.com]

This time a real workup was done. CT Angiogram shows “filling defect” inside the left middle cerebral artery — filling defect is something inside the artery that shouldn’t be there. [neuroangio.org]

We would give this patient the benefit of the doubt and initiate a full stroke workup that includes noncontrast CT, CTA, and CT perfusion. It is imperative to identify the site of underlying vascular occlusion before proceeding further. Figure 1 Dr. [evtoday.com]

• Cerebral Angiitis

  Imaging characteristics of the basilar artery, relapses despite antithrombotic treatment alone, and response to immunomodulatory therapy point to childhood primary cerebral angiitis of the central nervous system in the two patients. [thieme-connect.com]

Basilar artery thrombosis is an infrequent but important neurological emergency requiring early diagnosis and treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery Thrombosis Secondary to Bilateral Vertebral Artery Dissection with Symptom Onset Following Cervical Spine Manipulation Therapy. [pure.au.dk]

MRI shows acute ischemia pons with no bleed, with MRA showing lack of flow signal of midthird basilar, possibly due to atheromatous thrombosis with Brainstem DWI score of 6 suggesting moderate prognosis. [sumerdoc.blogspot.com]

Basilar artery thrombosis has a very poor prognosis. A 56-year-old comatose man with acute basilar artery occlusion was successfully treated with local urokinase infusion which reopened the basilar artery and revealed a midbasilar stenotic plaque. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(See Prognosis, Treatment, and Medication.) Vertigo is one of several common presenting symptoms associated with basilar artery occlusion. [emedicine.medscape.com]

An electrocardiogram helps to screen for arrhythmias which may be suggestive of a thrombotic etiology. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is usually the first imaging study performed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In both the cases, extensive diagnostic work-up did not reveal the etiology. [thieme-connect.com]

Tong Q (1919) Pathological and etiological studies on cerebral infarction in the vertebrobasilar arterial system. Chin J Neurol Psychiatry 14:149–151 Google Scholar 6. [link.springer.com]

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are one of the most serious etiologies for altered mental status. [westjem.com]

Presence of restricted diffusion in brainstem with no flow in basilar artery suggests the primarily vascular etiology, rather than a metabolic abnormality. Acute occlusion of the basilar artery is a neurologic emergency. [ijri.org]

Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Sep; 17 (9):790-801. [ PubMed : 30129475 ] 4. Wang L, He M, Zhang Y. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology A relatively uncommon form of stroke. [patient.info]

Epidemiology and risk factors Basilar artery is the artery most often affected with atherosclerosis of all the intracranial arteries [ 1 ]. [omicsonline.org]

Epidemiology Occurrence in the United States The frequency, incidence, and prevalence of basilar artery occlusion are not known. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery basin Occlusion (blockage) inferior cerebellar artery front leads to the development of cerebral infarction of varying severity, because the size of this artery and its territory [minclinic.ru]

A traditional recanalization approach based on historical controls and pathophysiological consideration is local intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) in eligible patients. [ahajournals.org]

Pathophysiology Atherosclerosis : the most common vascular disease affecting the vertebrobasilar system: [ 1 ] This affects large vessels, causing narrowing and occlusion. [patient.info]

In Barnet HJM (and others, Eds), Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. New York: Chrchill-Livingstone, pp 549-619, 1986 Dai, A. I. and M. Wasay (2006). "Wernekink comissure syndrome: a rare midbrain syndrome secondary to stroke." [dizziness-and-balance.com]

Thus, by factoring in this inherent hemodynamic disparity, the researchers concluded that the pathophysiology of PCI is indeed very similar to ACI. [jaocr.org]

CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don’t help. [webmd.com]

Even with vertebral artery occlusion, collaterals (circle of Willis) may prevent ischaemia. [patient.info]

The preventive or curative endovascular treatment of embolism to the distal vascular network must be achieved at the same time as the treatment of the primary lesion. Vertebro-basilar strokes can be prevented by two different techniques. [em-consulte.com]

Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study. Lancet 1994;343(8899):687-691. Chimowitz MI, Kokkinos J, Strong J, et al. [jaocr.org]

A thrombosis, or blood clot, may block the artery and prevent blood from passing through. [healthline.com]