Presentation  Most testicular germ cell tumors present with progressive, painless enlargement of the testis.  They may grow slowly or with appalling speed.  Sometimes, the initial presentation is in the form of a metastatic deposit in the retroperitoneum [slideshare.net]

The malignant yolk sac tumor presents at a median age of 16 months, and teratomas and Sertoli cell tumors present at median ages of 13 months and 6 months, respectively. 1 It is highly unusual for Leydig cell tumors to present prior to 2 years of age. [appliedradiology.com]

The case of benign LCT presented with infertility and was found to have azoospermia. [ijpmonline.org]

Clinical presentation Nearly all testis tumors present with a painless scrotal mass that is usually palpable and seen on ultrasound. However, some may present with signs of hormone production such as early-onset of puberty and/or enlarging breasts. [otstregistry.org]

However, up to 20 % of the patients with sex cord-stromal tumors present with distant metastasis at the time of presentation. Like germ cell tumors, sex cord-stromal tumors are usually seen in young adults. [lecturio.com]

• Precocious Puberty

  Tumor cells may produce androgen, estrogens or both and presents with gynecomastia or precocious puberty; symptoms usually regress with excision. Gross: Golden-brown to yellow or gray-white cut surface (ave. 3 cm) (image A). [auanet.org]

  Children typically present with precocious puberty. Due to excess testosterone secreted by the tumour, one-third of female patients present with a recent history of progressive masculinization. [en.wikipedia.org]

  puberty in boys Physical exam solid mass of the testes is always cancer Prognosis Seminoma late metastasis and excellent prognosis Embryonal worse prognosis than seminoma Choriocarcinoma worst prognosis in contrast to good prognosis in females metastasizes [medbullets.com]

  Kirsh AJ, Bastian W, Cohen HL, Glassberg KI, 1993 Precocious puberty in a child with unilateral Leydig cell tumor of the testis following orchidopexy. J Urol 150: 1483-1485. 12. [hormones.gr]

  Rare extratesticular sites include, the spermatic cord, adrenal glands, and ovaries. [1] LCTs in pre-pubertal boys present with symptoms of precocious puberty, gynecomastia, and feminization depending on the hormones elaborated. [indianjcancer.com]

• Hodgkin Lymphoma

  Página 768 - The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project. National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classifications of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Summary and description of a Working Formulation for clinical usage. ‎ [books.google.es]

  […] years of age - - Usually extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma Usually diffuse large B-cell lymphomas HCG is always elevated in cases of choriocarcinoma and sometimes in seminoma. [amboss.com]

  Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Part 1. Gastrointestinal, cutaneous and genitourinary lymphomas. Ann Oncol 1997; 8: 727-737. (back) Shahab N, Doll DC. Testicular lymphoma. Semin Oncol 1999; 26: 259-269. (back) Doll DC, Weiss RB. [wcrj.net]

  T-cell immunodeficiency due to RHOH deficiency T-cell immunodeficiency with epidermodysplasia verruciformis T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia T-cell LGL leukemia T-cell lymphoma, AILD type T-cell NHL T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma T-cell prolymphocytic [orpha.net]

  Diagn Cytopathol. 2017; 45(2):148-155 [ PubMed ] Related Publications Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) is a rare distinct type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that arises in association with alterations of the ALK gene. [cancerindex.org]

• Pathologist

  Final diagnosis requires a pathologist to analyze the tumor under a microscope and so surgical removal of the tumor itself (Testicle Sparing Surgery, TSS) or the entire testicle (Orchiectomy) is needed. [otstregistry.org]

  The entire specimen will be sent to the laboratory where a pathologist (a doctor specializing in laboratory diagnosis of diseases) examines the tissue under a microscope. [washington.edu]

  The above differences and immunohistochemical ones ( Figure 10 ) (see below) will enable the two neoplasms to be distinguished provided the pathologist is aware of this pitfall. [nature.com]

  Consultant Pathologist MD at KIMS Published on Nov 11, 2013 Testicular tumours and there rare variants with histology 0 Comments 77 Likes Statistics Notes Views Total views 10,347 On SlideShare 0 From Embeds 0 Number of Embeds 12 Actions Shares 0 [slideshare.net]

  Dataset for the histological reporting of testicular neoplasm. (2014) The Royal College of Pathologists. http://www.rcpath.org/Resources/RCPath/Migrated%20Resources/Documents/G/G046_TestisDatasetMay14.pdf Summarised cancer mortality, male genital organs [springerplus.springeropen.com]

• Virilization

  Virilization is often seen in children, and gynecomastia may be present in 30% of adults. Because of the rarity of these tumors, minimal endocrine data are available on these patients. [health.am]

  Practice Essentials Leydig cell tumors (see the image below) are rare testicular tumors of the male gonadal interstitium that may be hormonally active and lead to feminizing or virilizing syndromes. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Although androgenic manifestations are typical of ovarian SLCTs, neoplasms that can mimic them, such as Krukenberg tumors, may be virilizing. [nature.com]

• Goiter

  クルック変性：Crooke change ◎ 下垂体腺腫 ：pituitary adenoma GH産生，PRL産生，ACTH産生，非機能性 頭蓋咽頭種：craniopharyngioma ラトケ裂嚢胞：Rathoke's cleft cyst 2）甲状腺 ◎橋本甲状腺：Hashimoto's disease ◎Graves' disease（Basedow病） ◎亜急性甲状腺炎：subacute thyroiditis ◎腺腫様（結節性）甲状腺種：adenomatous (nodular) goiter [medical-e.net]

• Pneumonia

  気管支肺炎：bronchopneumonia 大葉性肺炎：lobar pneumonia ◎ 肺結核 ：pulmonary tuberculosis 初期変化群，浸出型，増殖型，粟粒結核（miliary tuberculosis）， 結核腫（tuberculoma） ◎肺真菌感染症（アスペルギルス，カンジダ，クリプトコッカス，ムコール） ◎カリニ肺炎：pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 巨細胞肺炎：giant cell pneumonia（麻疹肺炎：measles pneumonia [medical-e.net]

  Two patients with Stage II disease developed post-operative complications of acute kidney injury (n = 1) and pneumonia (n = 1). Median length of stay was 8 days (range = 6-11). [springerplus.springeropen.com]

• Hirsutism

  Additional signs include acne and hirsutism, voice deepening, clitoromegaly, temporal hair recession, and an increase in musculature. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] glomerulonephritis糸球体腎炎 glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)糸球体 glycosuria (glucosuria)糖尿 gonorrhea淋病 gout痛風 gross (macro) hematuria肉眼的血尿 h hematogenous血液原の、血行性の hematuria血尿 hemodialysis　（HD）血液透析 Henle's loop　（loop of Henle）ヘンレループ hermaphroditism半陰陽 herpes単純疱疹 hirsutism [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

• Alopecia

  Thrombocytopenia with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia Thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune Thrombomodulin-related bleeding disorder Thrombomodulin-related coagulopathy Thrombotic microangiopathy Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura TH-SHFM Thumb deformity-alopecia-pigmentation [orpha.net]

• Painless Testicular Mass

  Comprises 1-3% testicular tumors. 2 age peaks: 5-10 years old and 30-35 years old. A few are seen in cryptorchidism. Presents a painless testicular mass. [auanet.org]

  Most common germ cell tumor Mean age is 40 yrs Very rare in children Patients present with painless testicular mass 30 % have metastases at presentation, but only 3% have symptoms related to metastases. 11. [slideshare.net]

• Oligomenorrhea

  Masculinization is preceded by anovulation, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and defeminization. Additional signs include acne and hirsutism, voice deepening, clitoromegaly, temporal hair recession, and an increase in musculature. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Amenorrhea

  Masculinization is preceded by anovulation, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and defeminization. Additional signs include acne and hirsutism, voice deepening, clitoromegaly, temporal hair recession, and an increase in musculature. [en.wikipedia.org]

Review Topic QID: 106375 5 No further workup, instruct patient to return if symptomatic M1 Select Answer to see Preferred Response PREFERRED RESPONSE 2 Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only ARTICLES (4) VIDEOS (1) Topic COMMENTS (12 [medbullets.com]

CT scanning of the abdomen and chest radiography: Indicated if malignancy is suspected See Workup for more detail. Management Radical orchiectomy was once the primary treatment for Leydig cell tumors, and it remains in use for malignant cases. [emedicine.medscape.com]

As Leydig cell tumors are rare, these treatments have not been studied as much as treatments for other, more common testicular cancers. [medlineplus.gov]

Treatment & Prognosis Radical orchiectomy is the initial treatment for Leydig cell tumors. [health.am]

Treatment Stage I Testicular Cancer Treatment depends on what the cancer cells look like under a microscope (cell type). [washington.edu]

Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery. ‎ [books.google.es]

The necessity and choice of adjuvant treatment depends on tumor pathology, staging, and prognosis. Treatment options include active surveillance, retroperitoneal radiotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and platinum -based chemotherapy. [amboss.com]

Seminoma late metastasis and excellent prognosis Embryonal worse prognosis than seminoma Choriocarcinoma worst prognosis in contrast to good prognosis in females metastasizes to lungs Please rate topic. [medbullets.com]

The overall prognosis of testicular tumors is excellent; patients can often be cured even in advanced, metastatic stages. [amboss.com]

Typically, in a vast majority of cases, the prognosis is excellent, since it is usually a benign tumor In rare case of a malignancy, the prognosis may depend upon several factors including the stage of the tumor and health status of the individual Generally [dovemed.com]

The prognosis for well-differentiated liposarcoma remains good, with overall 5- and 10-year survivals of 75 and 55%, respectively. The high relapse rate and metastasis observed in high-grade liposarcoma worsen the prognosis significantly. [wcrj.net]

Etiology and Pathophysiology of Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Testis Image : “Adolescent with Gynecomastia.” by David Andrew Copeland, Dr. Mordcai Blau www.gynecomastia-md.com – Own work. [lecturio.com]

Etiology Risk factors Cryptorchidism (increased risk for germ cell tumors ) [4] Contralateral testicular cancer Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) Family history of testicular cancer Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome (increased risk for germ cell tumors [amboss.com]

[…] are malignant Sites Origin from testis is demonstrable in most cases Rarely originates from epididymis ( Andrologia 2013;45:430 ) Pathophysiology Produce testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione, which cause symptoms described below Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

(Etiology) The cause of Leydig Cell Tumor of the Testis is unknown. [dovemed.com]

The etiology of Leydig cell tumors remains unknown. Unlike germ cell testicular tumors, Leydig cell neoplasms are not associated with cryptorchidism. It is thought that an endocrine role may contribute to the development of these tumors. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Leydig Cell Tumors Epidemiology & Pathology Leydig cell tumors are the most common non-germ cell tumors of the testis and account for 1-3% of all testicular tumors. [health.am]

[…] more common in Hispanics compared to Asian and black populations in the US References: [1] [2] [3] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Introduction Testicular tumors can be of germ cell or non-germ cell origin germ cell origin are the majority (95%) and are more commonly malignant non-germ cell origin usually benign Epidemiology incidence most common cancer in men between 15-35 years [medbullets.com]

Epidemiology Leydig cell tumours constitute 1-3% of all testicular tumours. Clinical features In children, they may present with isosexual pseudoprecocity. In adults, they present with a mass and/or gynaecomastia. [e-immunohistochemistry.info]

Epidemiology of Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Testis Sex cord-stromal tumors of the testis can be considered as the rarest form of testicular tumors. The most common form of testicular cancer is germ cell tumors. [lecturio.com]

^ a b "Leydig Cell Tumors: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology". 2016-10-27. ^ Biegel, L. B.; Liu, R. C.; Hurtt, M. E.; Cook, J. C. (1995). [en.wikipedia.org]

Etiology and Pathophysiology of Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Testis Image : “Adolescent with Gynecomastia.” by David Andrew Copeland, Dr. Mordcai Blau www.gynecomastia-md.com – Own work. [lecturio.com]

Epidemiology : usually develop after the age of 4 Pathophysiology : produces ↑↑ amounts of testosterone and a small amount of estrogen, progesterone, and corticosteroids → testosterone excess causes precocious puberty in males (and masculinization in [amboss.com]

[…] and evolution of Leydig cells Epidemiology 1 - 3% of testicular tumors No predilection based on ethnicity or race ~10% are malignant Sites Origin from testis is demonstrable in most cases Rarely originates from epididymis ( Andrologia 2013;45:430 ) Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Background Pathophysiology A German anatomist, Franz Leydig, first described Leydig cells in 1870. [9] Leydig cells are located within the interstitium of the testis, between the seminiferous tubules, and produce testosterone in response to luteinizing [emedicine.medscape.com]

We suggest organ-sparing surgery as an alternative in the treatment of bilateral Leydig cell tumors especially for young males, since this surgical approach prevents hormonal replacement therapy and maintains fertility and potency. © 2003 S. [karger.com]

Removal of the testis Debulking surgery to reduce tumor size, followed by chemotherapy Clotting the vessels in the tumor (embolization) Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Undertaking treatment of underlying conditions How can Leydig Cell Tumor of the Testis be Prevented [dovemed.com]

The concept of treating a disease or Krakheit in a preferred embodiment also includes the prevention of this disease or disorder. [google.ga]

Recurrence may be prevented with a modified nerve-sparing RPLND or 2 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy, but this “over-treats” the 70-75% of patients who do not have occult metastatic disease. [pediatricurologybook.com]

Testicular Cancer Cancer Council NSW Detailed information about testicular cancer, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, risk, prevention and research. [cancerindex.org]