This best practice article summarizes the basis for gallbladder and bile duct pathology, describes the context and clinical presentation of biliary disease, and provides recommended approaches to delivery of high-quality care for patients with CF. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These tests reveal if a tumor is present and can provide very detailed images of the bile ducts and liver. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). [sharonaross.com]

Article Extract Cholelithiasis (one or more gallstones within the gallbladder) is present in 15% of people over 50 years of age, and most patients with an incidental finding of gallstones have no symptoms. [medicinetoday.com.au]

• Abdominal Pain

  Symptoms: Abdominal pain in the upper right quadrant or the middle of the upper abdomen Nausea Vomiting Fever Jaundice Loss of appetite Signs and tests: Tests that show the location of stones in the bile duct include the following: ERCP (endoscopic retrograde [digestivedisease.uthscsa.edu]

  Blockage of the bile ducts may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. [patients.gi.org]

  Abdominal pain – right upper quadrant (right hypochondrium) and upper middle abdomen (epigastrium) which may radiate to the back or right shoulder. [healthhype.com]

  Symptomatic gallstones typically manifest with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

• Nausea

  Blockage of the bile ducts may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. [patients.gi.org]

  Symptoms: Abdominal pain in the upper right quadrant or the middle of the upper abdomen Nausea Vomiting Fever Jaundice Loss of appetite Signs and tests: Tests that show the location of stones in the bile duct include the following: ERCP (endoscopic retrograde [digestivedisease.uthscsa.edu]

  Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Surgical removal of the stone resolves the inflammation. CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS Hepatitis is a generic term for inflammation of the liver. [crohnscolitisfoundation.org]

  Symptoms of Bile Duct Disorders Disruption of bile duct function can cause a variety of symptoms, the most common of which include: Jaundice Nausea and vomiting Itchy skin Pain Diagnosis of Bile Duct Disorders The following diagnostic tests may be performed [nyp.org]

  It may be missed for prolonged periods until it leads to symptoms like stone formation, abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice, nausea or vomiting or change sin stool color (pale or clay colored). [healthhype.com]

• Clay-Colored Stool

  ’ colored stool, fever, itchy skin, nausea and vomiting, and unexplained weight loss. [publichealth.va.gov]

  Signs & Symptoms These are signs and symptoms of bile duct cancer: Yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, also called jaundice Dark-colored urine Clay-colored stool Pain in the abdomen Fever Itchy skin Nausea and vomiting Weight loss for an unknown [healthcare.utah.edu]

  It may be missed for prolonged periods until it leads to symptoms like stone formation, abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice, nausea or vomiting or change sin stool color (pale or clay colored). [healthhype.com]

  Affected individuals may also exhibit diarrhea, excess fats in the stools (steatorrhea), and pale or clay-colored stools due to the suppression of bile flow (acholic stools). [rarediseases.org]

  […] of the skin or whites of the eyes Clay-colored stools The symptoms of gallstones may look like other health problems. [cedars-sinai.edu]

• Dark Urine

  urine Diagnosis of a Bile Duct Condition If your doctor suspects you may have a bile duct blockage, tests will be done to look at the extent of the blockage and determine what is causing it. [sharonaross.com]

  When bile duct stones cause significant blockages, symptoms may include: Abdominal pain in the upper or middle-upper abdomen Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) Fever Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Dark urine Pale-colored stools How are bile [henryford.com]

  Symptoms Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain in the upper right side Dark urine Fever Itching Jaundice (yellow skin color) Nausea and vomiting Pale-colored stools Exams and Tests Your health care provider will examine you and feel your belly. [mountsinai.org]

  If you have the tell-tale signs of liver disease—yellow skin, pale stool, dark urine, tendency to bruise—the first step to recovery is a thorough and comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis. [cpmc.org]

A biliary drain can also be used to take bile samples for diagnostic workup or disease monitoring, as well as providing a route of administration for medical substances. [en.wikipedia.org]

Minimally invasive treatments: This year, our experienced gastroenterologists are on target to perform the most endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) treatments in the region. [henryford.com]

There are currently no good treatment options other than liver transplantation. [infohep.org]

Conclusion : "In the context of inter-disciplinary treatment concepts, this radiotherapy technique is a promising choice of treatment for patients with hilar CCC." [en.wikibooks.org]

Treatment for a Blocked Bile Duct The goal of treatment is to physically remove the blockage. The way this is done is determined by the cause and location of the obstruction. For blockages at the sphincter of Oddi caused by gallstones. [sharonaross.com]

Learn more about biliary stone treatment. [nyp.org]

Prognosis As GBC is often detected only at an advanced disease stage, the prognosis is poor with 5-year survival rates of approximately 20%. The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. [orpha.net]

Cancer of the bile ducts - known as cholangiocarcinoma - is the second most common primary liver cancer and has a very poor prognosis. [eurekalert.org]

Outlook (Prognosis) If the blockage is not corrected, it can lead to life-threatening infection and a dangerous buildup of bilirubin. If the blockage lasts a long time, chronic liver disease can result. [mountsinai.org]

Parents should talk to their children’s physician and medical team about their specific case, associated symptoms and overall prognosis. [rarediseases.org]

In general a lower number in each category means a better prognosis. The stage of the cancer is used to plan the treatment. [bccancer.bc.ca]

Etiology The exact etiology is unknown. Genetic susceptibility elicited by chronic inflammation of the gallbladder leading to dysplasia and malignant change is one possibility. [orpha.net]

The etiology is unknown, although some of these patients have biliary parasites. The disease is characterized by the presence of intrahepatic pigmented stones and recurrent infection. [radiologyassistant.nl]

The etiology of this disorder in patients who are HIV-positive is thought to be infectious (cytomegalovirus, Cryptosporidium species, and microsporidia have been implicated). [emedicine.medscape.com]

Gallstones and Cholecystitis Definition and Etiology Gallbladder stones are an extremely common disorder and are usually asymptomatic. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: Cholelithiasis and cancer. Gut Liver. 2012;6:172-187. Definition and facts for gallstones. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [crohnsdisease.com]

Summary Epidemiology Annual incidence rates vary from 1/100,000 to 1/ 4,350 between different ethnic groups and geographical regions. [orpha.net]

Epidemiology of biliary atresia: population-based study. Pediatrics. 99 (3): 376-382. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.3.376 [rfs.sirweb.org]

Section1: Epidemiology and aetiology More than 80% of gallstones result from precipitation of cholesterol crystals within the gallbladder, which aggregate with other constituents of bile to form biliary sludge and calculi. [gponline.com]

Epidemiologic studies have shown variations in the prevalence of gallstones in different ethnic populations, with particularly high rates in Native Americans. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Specifically, it is questioned whether types II, III, and V are pathophysiologically related to I and IV. Some also think the difference between I and IV may be artificial. Komi classification of bile duct cysts Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]

Pathophysiology and Natural History Most gallstones are composed primarily of cholesterol, with smaller amounts of mucus, calcium bilirubinate, and protein. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Bile Duct Obstruction Background Pathophysiology A blockage in any pathway that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder or small intestine that can lead to a buildup of both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase Bile: made [rfs.sirweb.org]

Gallbladder disease: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. US Pharmacist. 2013; 38(3): 33-41 Leitzmann MF, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, et al. Prospective study of alcohol consumption patterns in relation to symptomatic gallstone disease in men. [gponline.com]

[…] in the hepatodudoenal ligament and then courses through the head of the pancreas for approximately 2 cm; it joins the terminal part of the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of Vater before passing through the papilla of Vater into the duodenum. [1] Pathophysiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Therefore, a thorough understanding and efficient clinical evaluation of the gallbladder and biliary tree is an important aspect of integrated care for the patient with CF in order to prevent progression of undetected pathology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Be aware of any risk factors you have, so that you can get prompt diagnosis and treatment if a bile duct becomes blocked. The blockage itself may not be preventable. References Fogel EL, Sherman S. [mountsinai.org]

Midazolam for Sedation During ERCP Completed NCT02027311 Phase 4 Etomidate;Midazolam;Meperidine 17 Preventing Cholestasis Using SMOFLipid® Completed NCT01585935 Phase 4 SMOFLIPID;INTRALIPID 18 Effectiveness of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in Patients With [malacards.org]

National Cancer Institute Liver and Bile Duct Cancer –Patient Version Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clonorchis FAQs Tyson, El-Serag. Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2011; 54: 173-84. [publichealth.va.gov]