This report presents 2007 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics; preliminary 2008 data are also referenced on key measures where available. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Weakness

  A 5-year-old child presented to us with weakness of the left upper limb since birth. With the given history of obstetric trauma and limb examination, a diagnosis of birth brachial plexus palsy was made. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms The gradual onset of weakness over weeks or months Difficulty rising from a low-seated chair or combing one’s hair Torso or “core” weakness Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Pain or weakness in the joints Generalized fatigue Diagnostic Tests [hopkinsmyositis.org]

  These symptoms may come and go: Muscle weakness: This is the most common symptom. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Muscle weakness and tenderness can be signs of polymyositis. A rash is a sign of a related condition, dermatomyositis. Common symptoms include: Muscle weakness in the shoulders and hips. [pennstatehershey.adam.com]

  The weakness affects both the left and right sides of your body, and tends to gradually worsen. When to see a doctor Seek medical attention if you develop unexplained muscle weakness. [mayoclinic.org]

• Falling

  Rarely, a patch can fall off, and then you won’t get enough hormones to prevent pregnancy. The patch may be a little less effective for people who are very overweight. [plannedparenthood.org]

  In patients from Central Europe, the first trimester of pregnancy falling in autumn and winter seems to be significant. These results need to be interpreted with caution due to the small size of the examined group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The analysis revealed that the risk of PPD was lower for women who gave birth in spring or winter, compared with those who gave birth in the fall or summer. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Applications accepted every Spring and Fall. [evidencebasedbirthacademy.com]

  The principle of its action is based on the fact that the drugs used through the dural couplings fall into the subarachnoid space. As a result, impulses passing through the root nerves to the spinal cord are blocked. [youtube.com]

• Fatigue

  Compared to controls, adoptive and biological mothers reported more fatigue, less readiness to work at a job, and less activity with household chores and recreational or social functions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Rebecca Giallo, Catherine Wade and Mandy Kienhuis, Fatigue in mothers of infants and young children: factor structure of the fatigue assessment scale, Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 2, 3, (119), (2014). [doi.org]

  Symptoms The gradual onset of weakness over weeks or months Difficulty rising from a low-seated chair or combing one’s hair Torso or “core” weakness Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Pain or weakness in the joints Generalized fatigue Diagnostic Tests [hopkinsmyositis.org]

  Fatigue. Shortness of breath due to heart and lung involvement. Patchy red or violet rash around the eyes: Some people also get patchy, red skin over the knuckles, elbows and knees or a red rash on the neck and upper chest. Fever. Weight loss. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Other signs include neck flexor weakness, fatigue, stiffness, weight loss anorexia, dysphagia and less commonly dysphonia. [orpha.net]

• Weight Loss

  Weight loss. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information enews More health news + advice [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Other signs include neck flexor weakness, fatigue, stiffness, weight loss anorexia, dysphagia and less commonly dysphonia. [orpha.net]

  If the muscles in your esophagus are affected, you may have problems swallowing (dysphagia), which in turn may cause weight loss and malnutrition. Aspiration pneumonia. [mayoclinic.org]

  You may also have: Fatigue Fever Joint pain Loss of appetite Morning stiffness Weight loss Skin rash on the back of the fingers, on the eyelids, or on the face Exams and Tests Tests may include: Autoimmune antibodies and inflammation tests CPK Serum aldolase [pennstatehershey.adam.com]

  Difficulty swallowing may cause weight loss and malnutrition. [1] Individuals with polymyositis may be more likely to develop other autoimmune diseases, cancer, or osteoporosis. [2] Last updated: 9/25/2017 Research helps us better understand diseases [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

• Collapse

  This report describes a case of sudden collapse of a 20-hour-old newborn, while he was placed close to their mother according to skin-to-skin care, attributed to developmental alterations of brainstem nuclei involved in regulation of the vital functions [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] exposure to at least an initial portion of the zone of heat to collapse incrementally the tube. [patents.justia.com]

  They worry that rooming-in could lead to mothers’ accidentally smothering their children and possibly contribute to sudden unexpected postnatal collapse, a rare but often fatal respiratory failure. [time.com]

  [new 2014] 1.14.5 If there is postpartum haemorrhage, a retained placenta or maternal collapse, or any other concerns about the woman's wellbeing: transfer her to obstetric‑led care (following the general principles for transfer of care described in section [web.archive.org]

  […] contractions confirmed delay in the first or second stage of labour request by the woman for additional pain relief using regional analgesia obstetric emergency – including antepartum haemorrhage, cord prolapse, postpartum haemorrhage, maternal seizure or collapse [nice.org.uk]

• Rhinorrhea

  95% CI) 1.18 [0.81, 1.71] 29.6 Vomiting 1 360 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.38 [0.79, 2.41] 29.7 Cough 1 360 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.72, 1.23] 29.8 Breathing difficulties 1 360 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.40, 1.60] 29.9 Rhinorrhea [doi.org]

• Nausea

  Nausea or vomiting or both Fewer women in the epidural group experienced nausea and vomiting (average RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87; 4440 women; studies = 15; I 2 = 70%; Tau 2 = 0.24; Chi 2 = 46.51, df = 14; P < 0.0001; Analysis 1.21 ), although heterogeneity [doi.org]

  There are side effects associated with both drugs—namely, nausea and vomiting. When promethazine is given in conjunction with meperidine, these side effects are ameliorated. [britannica.com]

  They can cause nausea and vomiting. They can make you feel very itchy. Opioids cannot be given right before delivery because they may slow the baby's breathing and heart rate at birth. [womenshealth.gov]

• Prolapse

  Several studies have linked vaginal childbirth to pelvic organ prolapse [ 13 ]. In one study, history of a single vaginal delivery was associated with a tenfold increased likelihood of developing prolapse [ 32 ]. [doi.org]

  We present a 49-year-old female patient presenting a perineal bulge which was discovered simulating a vaginal birth associated with prolapsed haemorrhoids grade IV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Confusion

  However, the authors hesitate to apply the diagnosis of abnormal labor during the latent phase because it is easy to confuse prodromal contractions for latent labor. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Consultations are available to help you sort through confusing or difficult medical issues. We work with many children and families from around the Northwest and beyond. [seattlechildrens.org]

  These pendulum swings make motherhood harder and more confusing, something I heard a lot about from the moms I spoke with for this article. [time.com]

  These diagnoses can lead to inadequate treatment.Postpartum psychosis is a rare psychiatric emergency in which symptoms of high mood and racing thoughts (mania), depression, severe confusion, loss of inhibition, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions [en.wikipedia.org]

• Dizziness

  During the birth of one of my sons, I felt quite dizzy and couldn't focus on what I was supposed to be doing. [web.archive.org]

  During the birth of one of my sons, I felt quite dizzy and couldn’t focus on what I was supposed to be doing. [bellybelly.com.au]

  If she feels dizzy, unwell, is feeling pins-and-needles (tingling) in her face, hands and feet, encourage her to breathe more slowly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cesarean Section

  Cesarean section was performed at 34+6, with delivery of a healthy boy (weight 2,335 g). Hysterectomy was performed 3.5 months after delivery. The weight of the healthy child at 12 months was 9.3 kg. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  To date only three trials randomized patients to narcotic versus epidural groups, and all showed a twofold to threefold increase in cesarean section for dystocia. [doi.org]

• Incontinence

  Faecal incontinence and flatus incontinence were defined in the questionnaire as “having a bowel movement” or “passing gas,” respectively, “when you don't mean to.” [bmj.com]

  overactive bladder syndrome, pelvic organ prolapse and fecal incontinence. [doi.org]

  Compared with unassisted vaginal births, women who had cesarean sections reported more exhaustion, lack of sleep, and bowel problems; reported less perineal pain and urinary incontinence in the first 8 weeks; and were more likely to be readmitted to hospital [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Urinary Incontinence

  incontinence (19-11), mastitis (15-3), and other urinary problems (5-3). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Risk of surgical intervention for stress urinary incontinence and prolapse is also higher after operative vaginal delivery. [doi.org]

• Vaginal Bleeding

  DO NOT perform vaginal examination if bleeding now or at any time after 7 months of pregnancy. Perform gentle vaginal examination (do not start during a contraction): → Determine cervical dilatation in centimetres. → Feel for presenting part. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  About a week or two after delivery, this scab comes off, causing vaginal bleeding of up to about a cup. Breasts During the early stages of milk production (lactation), the breasts become engorged with milk, sometimes making them feel tight and sore. [msdmanuals.com]

  It is associated with a longer second stage of labour and an increased chance of vaginal instrumental birth. [nice.org.uk]

• Vaginal Discharge

  Contact your health care provider if the pain intensifies, the wound becomes hot, swollen and painful, or you notice a pus-like discharge. Vaginal discharge You'll have a vaginal discharge (lochia) for a number of weeks after delivery. [web.archive.org]

  Common symptoms of STIs include vaginal discharge, urethral discharge or burning in men, genital ulcers, and abdominal pain. Scope of the problem STIs have a profound impact on sexual and reproductive health worldwide. [who.int]

  FOR ALL SITUATIONS IN RED BELOW, REFER URGENTLY TO HOSPITAL IF IN EARLY LABOUR, MANAGE ONLY IF IN LATE LABOUR Rupture of membranes and any of: → Fever >38˚C → Foul-smelling vaginal discharge. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subsequent workup, with particular attention to his history and presentation, led to his diagnosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

NAM has been associated with malignancy and statin use. [6] See Etiology, Presentation, and Workup. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis have many shared clinical features. Both present as symmetrical muscle weakness that develops over weeks to months. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Platelet-rich plasma may be employed as a first-line CE treatment, especially for patients who fail to respond to conventional antibiotic schemes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The lack of awareness among the general public and primary healthcare providers and inadequate orthopaedic and neurosurgeons trained to treat the condition have worsened the prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Prognosis depends on patient response to treatment (good in most cases), severity of disease manifestations, age at diagnosis, presence of cardiac or pulmonary involvement, and associated malignancy. [orpha.net]

Most studies on post-traumatic stress symptoms after childbirth have focused on prevalence of and looked at etiological factors and predictors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Polymyositis is an immune-mediated syndrome secondary to defective cellular immunity that is most commonly associated with other systemic autoimmune diseases. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Platt Associate Professor Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, and Occupational Health McGill University [web.archive.org]

Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. 2 Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. 3 Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] a, Bernard L Harlow, associate professor of obstetrics, gynaecology, and reproductive biology a, Amy K Chekos, research associate a, John T Repke, associate professor of obstetrics, gynaecology, and reproductive biology b a Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology [bmj.com]

(Please refer to the Pathophysiology for information regarding adequate contractions.) Abnormal labor constitutes any findings that fall outside the accepted normal labor curve. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hankins GD, Speer M (2003) Defining the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. Obstet Gynecol 102:628–636 CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 26. [doi.org]

Pathophysiology of pelvic adhesions. Modern trends in preventing infertility. J Reprod Med. 1992; 37 :107-122. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 16. Stone K. Adhesions in gynecologic surgery. [pubmedcentral.nih.gov]

The work of Ignaz Semmelweis was seminal in the pathophysiology and treatment of childbed fever and his work saved many lives. Childbirth can be an intense event and strong emotions, both positive and negative, can be brought to the surface. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea. 4 Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This includes information on the prevention of HIV through clinical, behavioral and social interventions. [apps.who.int]