A confused patient presented with hypovolemic shock and signs of arterial and venous obstruction of the left lower extremity; the correct diagnosis of urinary retention was made after phlebography. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This type of infection often presents with urinary symptoms and any combination of the following: fevers, shaking chills, weakness or dizziness, nausea and vomiting. [deltamedix.com]

Usual clinical presentation is similar to other neonatal intestinal obstructions: bile stained vomiting and failure to pass meconium. [orpha.net]

• Pain

  RESULT(S): Bladder distention before OH was related to easier cervical entry, a shorter procedural time and low pain scoring in patients who underwent the procedure with a full bladder. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Pain Scoring(VAS) [ Time Frame: 2 months ] Pain scoring was made by 10 cm visual analog scale. pain score (recorded by the patient on a 10 -point visual analog scale (VAS) which means pain increases with increasing number Secondary Outcome Measures : [clinicaltrials.gov]

  Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. 2014. Available online: https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/ic-bladder-pain-syndrome.cfm Nordling J, Anjum FH, Bade JJ, et al. [tau.amegroups.com]

  […] trigger the release of substances that block pain. [bladder.emedtv.com]

• Inflammation

  Inflammation results and there is edema, hemorrhage and exudation. Polypoid cystitis may develop in chronically infected bladders as seen in this chronically infected cow bladder. [vet.uga.edu]

  Because the inflammation that produces the symptoms is within the wall of the bladder (hence its name), it is out of reach of the usual diagnostic tests for bladder disease. [healthcentral.com]

  On the other hand, a variety of pelvic conditions, such as inflammation, benign and malignant tumors and the gravid and fibroid uterus, 1 2 3 4 have been cited as responsible for iliac-vein obstruction and, in many cases, leg edema. [nejm.org]

  Alcohol and caffeine are classified as diuretics that cause bladder inflammation and irritation, worsening the symptoms of OAB. [meanwhile.com]

  Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. It normally happens because a gallstone gets stuck at the opening of the gallbladder. It can lead to fever, pain, nausea, and severe complications. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Swelling

  There is obvious swelling in the lower abdomen caused as a result of full bladder which is prominently seen in thin person. The area of distended bladder is tender when touched. [tandurust.com]

  Acute Urinary Retention Diagnosis Diagnosis is based on a sudden lack of urinary output and bladder swelling (distention) observed during a physical examination. [healthcommunities.com]

  Notation of swelling, urinary urgency, frequency and dysuria. Often patients have difficulty voiding while lying in bed. [avonside.net]

  If not treated immediately, distention can cause the bladder to swell into the abdominal cavity and cause impaired kidney function as well as blood vessel constriction. The bladder also has been known to rupture. [healthyliving.azcentral.com]

  Causes and symptoms of distended bladder A distended bladder can result from an infection which causes the bladder to swell and the sensation to urinate, but nothing is released. [belmarrahealth.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  22699 Abstract Objective: To assess and evaluate the occurrence of the post operative urinary distention using ultrasound technique.Methods: A total of 328 patients who underwent abdominal, neurosurgical, orthopedic and ENT surgical procedures at [platform.almanhal.com]

  Sacral nerve stimulation, a surgical procedure, may be recommended to treat advanced OAB. This procedure involves placing a wire on the sacral nerves located between the spine and the bladder tissue. [meanwhile.com]

  Cystoscopy with hydrodistention is an outpatient surgical procedure. You will be admitted to the hospital, but in most cases, you will be discharged the same day as the procedure. [ichelp.org]

  Possible Complications of the Procedure ALL surgical procedures, regardless of complexity or time, can be associated with unforeseen problems. They may be immediate or even quite delayed in presentation. [deltamedix.com]

  […] such as hysterectomy or laparoscopy may be the result of a missed diagnosis and does not necessarily indicate that the surgical procedure itself is a contributing factor to symptoms. [auanet.org]

• Asymptomatic

  Diagnosis Diagnosis of postpartum urinary retention can be difficult especially if a woman is asymptomatic. In order to diagnose urinary retention, the post void residual volume needs to be determined. [ogpnews.com]

  Asymptomatic bladder rupture in a primigravida: late manifestation and delayed diagnosis. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2005;45:535-6. [ Links ] 4. Baheti VH, Wagaskar VG and Patwardhan SK. [scielo.org.mx]

  […] know that they are not specific, and they have been observed as false positive in other pathologies that suggests chronic inflammation of the urothelium, such as lithiasis, benign prostate hyperplasia, stress urinary incontinence ( 18, 19 ), or even asymptomatic [tau.amegroups.com]

  […] and can be consistent with IC/BPS but these lesions are commonly seen in other conditions which may co-exist with or be misdiagnosed as IC/BPS such as chronic undifferentiated pelvic pain or endometriosis. 80, 81 Glomerulations may also be present in asymptomatic [auanet.org]

• Hypertension

  Abstract Our objective was to determine if urinary bladder distention modifies the sensitivity of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex in hypertensive and control subjects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Sympathetic overactivity Severe hypertension reflects involvement of a large vascular bed. Autonomic imbalance leads to splanchnic vasoconstriction. [ngbladder.org]

  Hyperammonemia and cerebral dysfunction without liver disease or portal hypertension, or both can be due to a variety of causes which include acquired or congenital deficiency of Kreb’s urea cycle enzymes such as ornithine transcarbamylase. [link.springer.com]

  Check for changes in mentation, hypertension, and peripheral or dependent edema. Weigh daily. Maintain precise I&O record. Kidney failure results in reduced fluid excretion and builds up of toxic wastes. It may lead to complete renal shutdown. [nurseslabs.com]

  Can have girdle-like distribution of pain from the low back to the lower abomen. 50% have hypertension. Anaemia, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are typical findings. [patient.info]

• Blurred Vision

  vision Goosebumps (cutis anserine): below the level of the lesion Urinary sphincter: DSD Smooth sphincter dyssynergia: also generally develops Clinical implications: Many patients are already familiar with the initial symptoms of AD. [ngbladder.org]

• Skin Ulcer

  And able to recognize the symptoms and signs Key Points of This Section AD symptoms and signs include headache, skin flushing, bradycardia and hypertension; the syndrome can be lethal. [ngbladder.org]

• Withdrawn

  Others: pressure sores, cuts, burns, bruises, sunburn, pressure of any kind on the body, ingrown toenails, or tight clothing, long bone fracture Clinical implications: In case of minor short-duration stimuli, symptoms resolve quickly if the stimulus is withdrawn [ngbladder.org]

  If the intravesical pressure reached 20 mm Hg or increased such that there was a risk of leakage into the urethra, normal saline was withdrawn. [onlinejacc.org]

• Seizure

  […] secondary to vasodilatation Malaise and nausea: secondary to parasympathetic/vagal effect Sympathetic excitation below the level of injury Sudden hypertension* : Of varying severity From causing a mild headache to life-threatening cerebral hemorrhage, seizure [ngbladder.org]

• Bladder Distention

  METHODS: This retrospective chart review identified 11 patients participating in two protocols of EMDA bladder distention who also underwent bladder distention under GA either prior to or after the EMDA procedure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Urinary Retention

  Basics of Acute Urinary Retention Overview of Acute Urinary Retention Acute urinary retention (i.e., the sudden inability to urinate) is usually symptomatic of another condition that requires treatment. [healthcommunities.com]

  A confused patient presented with hypovolemic shock and signs of arterial and venous obstruction of the left lower extremity; the correct diagnosis of urinary retention was made after phlebography. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Assessment of someone in urinary retention or with the potential of urinary retention includes, a strict fluid balance record, noted complaints of pain in the pubic area. Notation of swelling, urinary urgency, frequency and dysuria. [avonside.net]

  retention, bladder distention, and infrequently urinary incontinence. [nurseslabs.com]

  Urinary Retention In adult males, urinary retention is commonly caused by obstruction to the urethra by a benign or malignant enlargement of the prostate. An acute urethritis or prostatitis can also be responsible. [humanmedecine2014.blogspot.com]

• Bladder Pain

  Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. 2014. Available online: https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/ic-bladder-pain-syndrome.cfm Nordling J, Anjum FH, Bade JJ, et al. [tau.amegroups.com]

  Lidocaine EMDA is superior to alkalized lidocaine in that it allows for a greater distention of the bladder for a longer period of time but does not eliminate the pain of bladder distention. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  /bladder pain syndrome) and with the prostate gland or pelvis (e.g., chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome). [60] In 2008, terms currently in use in addition to IC/BPS include painful bladder syndrome, bladder pain syndrome and hypersensitive [en.wikipedia.org]

  People with IC/PBS rarely have bladder pain all the time. The pain usually comes and goes as the bladder fills and then empties. The pain may go away for weeks or months and then return. [consortiamedical.com]

  Procedure: Hysteroscopy Experimental: Empty Bladder Hysteroscopy conducted under empty bladder. [clinicaltrials.gov]

• Enlargement of the Prostate

  Benign prostate hyperplasia is enlargement of the prostate. It leads to narrowing of the urethra and blocks the flow of the urine. Urine accumulates in the bladder and bladder distention develops. [ic.steadyhealth.com]

  Urinary Retention In adult males, urinary retention is commonly caused by obstruction to the urethra by a benign or malignant enlargement of the prostate. An acute urethritis or prostatitis can also be responsible. [humanmedecine2014.blogspot.com]

  For example, if the urethra is blocked because of a benign enlarged or cancerous prostate, treatment can include drugs, such as hormonal therapy for prostate cancer, surgery, or enlargement of the urethra with dilators. [merckmanuals.com]

• Dysuria

  Some common signs and symptoms of urethral stricture are frequent urge to urinate, decreased pressure and diameter of urine stream and dysuria. [buzzle.com]

  Notation of swelling, urinary urgency, frequency and dysuria. Often patients have difficulty voiding while lying in bed. [avonside.net]

  Early clinical symptoms may begin with mild dysuria or urinary urgency. Mild symptoms may progress to severe voiding frequency, nocturia, and suprapubic pain. [auanet.org]

This consideration may require additional diagnostic workup and/or referral to appropriate specialists. Treatment Levels for IC/BPS. [auanet.org]

Only one out of four patients who had this treatment twice showed improvement of her symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bladder Distention as Treatment Even though bladder distention is a condition that can occur as a result of disease or some other factor, it also is used by doctors as a treatment. [healthyliving.azcentral.com]

Furthermore, if distended bladder is caused by an infection, primary treatment will revolve around treating the infection. [belmarrahealth.com]

TENS is a relatively inexpensive interstitial cystitis treatment and allows people to take an active part in the treatment process. Within some guidelines, the patient decides when, how long, and at what intensity TENS will be used. [bladder.emedtv.com]

The duration of this treatment is variable, ranging from months to years and there is consensus that the treatment of the injury would be one of the few effective treatments ( 29 - 31 ). [tau.amegroups.com]

Prognosis Survival in MMIHS seems to have improved, thanks to more specialized care, innovations in parenteral nutrition, and introduction of multivisceral transplantation. [orpha.net]

Acute Urinary Retention Prognosis Depending on the underlying cause, as many as 70 percent of acute urinary retention cases recur within a week after initial treatment. BPH causes most recurrences. Publication Review By: Stanley J. [healthcommunities.com]

Prognosis Prognosis is dependent on the cause, location, degree and duration of obstruction. Bad prognostic factors are longer duration and worse severity of obstruction, together with concomitant infection. [patient.info]

The prognosis also depends on the cause of obstruction. For example, an untreated infection is more likely to cause kidney damage than a kidney stone. Treatment usually aims to relieve the cause of obstruction. [merckmanuals.com]

[…] broad clinical diagnosis, on the basis of symptoms and exclusion of other diseases, and then stratify patients by urodynamic, cystoscopic, histological, and other tests on the basis of the significance of these findings for results of treatment and prognosis [tau.amegroups.com]

Indications for the procedure included severe urgency, frequency, and incontinence from a variety of etiologies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Etiology of MMIHS is unknown but various hypotheses have been proposed to describe the pathogenesis including genetic, neurogenic, myogenic and hormonal origin. The 15q11.2 region might be associated with MMIHS. [orpha.net]

"Etiology, pathophysiology and biomarkers of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 295 (6): 1341–1359. doi : 10.1007/s00404-017-4364-2. ISSN 1432-0711. [en.wikipedia.org]

Further reading Interstitial Cystitis Association (US) Interstitial Cystitis Network (US) International Painful Bladder Foundation References Erickson, DR Interstitial cystitis: Update on etiologies and therapeutic options Journal of Women's Health 1999 [womhealth.org.au]

Facts and Epidemiology Associated conditions of AD: SCI: The most common etiology, but only lesions above T6-8 Leaving sufficient sympathetic neurons below the lesion, out of neural contact with brain stem regulating centers for the syndrome to occur [ngbladder.org]

The book provides a succinct update on epidemiology and briefly covers lower urinary tract anatomy and physiology. [books.google.com]

Summary Epidemiology MMIHS prevalence is unknown but the disease has been reported in 230 patients, of which 71% are females. Clinical description Enlarged and nonobstructed bladder is the first manifestation of MMIHS and can be detected prenatally. [orpha.net]

But the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology Study (RICE) — the largest to date on IC — revealed that the condition affects 3 to 8 million women. ( 1 ) Interstitial cystitis does not discriminate based on age or gender. [everydayhealth.com]

In recent years, the scientific community has achieved a much deeper understanding of the epidemiology of interstitial cystitis. [en.wikipedia.org]

Facts and Epidemiology Associated conditions of AD: SCI: The most common etiology, but only lesions above T6-8 Leaving sufficient sympathetic neurons below the lesion, out of neural contact with brain stem regulating centers for the syndrome to occur [ngbladder.org]

This is followed by a discussion on the pathophysiology of various types of dysfunctions and a clinical section that focuses on evaluation and treatment. [books.google.com]

Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of postpartum urinary retention is not clearly understood but various mechanisms have been suggested. [ogpnews.com]

The most prominent component of AD: dramatic development of hypertension Pathophysiologic mechanism Normal reflex mechanism: Normal sympathetic output from the spinal cord is modulated (inhibited) by input from the higher centers (medulla) Pathological [ngbladder.org]

It is clear, however, that there is a limited understanding of IC/BPS pathophysiology and that most treatments are targeted at symptom control. [auanet.org]

The pathophysiologic characteristics are complex, including transient hypervolemia from the absorption of electrolyte-free irrigation fluid, dilutional hypoalbuminemia, toxicity from glycine and impaired renal function (39). [onlinejacc.org]

A person with bladder incontinence may have to wear diapers or pads to prevent the leakage from being noticeable. Another condition occurs when a person cannot empty their bladder or even urinate. This condition is known as distended bladder. [belmarrahealth.com]

Urinary retention is a disorder that needs to be managed immediately and correctly to prevent complications. [nurseslabs.com]

Prophylaxis: Before procedures: Electroejaculation: oral prophylaxis with 20 mg of nifedipine [Steinberger 1990] careful monitoring during procedure Endoscopic procedure in susceptible patients: spinal or general anesthesia Preventing measures: Surgical [ngbladder.org]

Complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): incidence, management, and prevention. Eur Urol. 2006; 50:969–979. PMID: 16469429. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] 2. [e-sciencecentral.org]