Here, we present a rare case, presenting as gall bladder mass in a known case of gallstone disease, clinically suspected as carcinoma and later turned out to be malakoplakia in gall bladder. [ijpmonline.org]

It can present in a myriad of ways depending on the organ involved, thus presenting a huge diagnostic challenge. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presenting symptoms depend on the region involved. [radiopaedia.org]

Although, numerous mitotic figures were present, no atypical mitoses were identified. No epithelial component was present. [oapublishinglondon.com]

• Pain

  Herein, we present a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain and unintentional weight loss. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  She remained continent and was completely cured of the pain and infection. [urotoday.com]

  Clinical features of malakoplakia of the skin and tongue Malakoplakia of the skin most commonly affects the perianal and genital area, presenting as asymptomatic, itchy or painful growths (tumours). [dermnetnz.org]

  She initially presented to an outside hospital with abdominal pain, nausea, emesis, fever and chills. She was diagnosed with and treated for pneumonia at the time. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

• Inflammation

  Granulomatous inflammation. Papillary renal cell carcinoma. Infarction (prostate). Granular cell tumour.[4] Images Case Michaelis-Gutmann bodies - high mag. cropped (WC) Michaelis-Gutmann bodies - high mag. (WC) Michaelis-Gutmann bodies - high mag. [librepathology.org]

  High Quality Pathology Images of Genitourinary, Urinary Bladder, Inflammation (Cystitis) Advertisement Follow us: 9531 Images : Last Website Update : April 20, 2019 Home About Us Acknowledgements Feedback Contact Us Site Map High Quality Pathology Images [webpathology.com]

  Comprehensive in scope, this title begins with a look at normal anatomy and histology for each organ system...followed by discussions of the pathology of congenital anomalies, inflammations, non-neoplastic diseases and neoplasia. [books.google.com]

  Malakoplakia, which typically involves the urinary tract, is an uncommon form of chronic inflammation caused by chronic infections and characterized by accumulation of macrophages [ 5 ]. [icurology.org]

  Abstract Malakoplakia in humans most often affects the urinary bladder and is characterized by inflammation with von Hansemann-type macrophages, with or without Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, and is frequently associated with Escherichia coli infection. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  He had no fever or history of trauma. The measured values of hematological parameters and urine indexes were within the normal range. Urine culture did not reveal any growth. [icurology.org]

  She initially presented to an outside hospital with abdominal pain, nausea, emesis, fever and chills. She was diagnosed with and treated for pneumonia at the time. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

  Subsequently, the patient was admitted with fever, cough, dyspnea, and weight loss. [scielo.br]

  で経過観察されていたが腫瘤性病変に消退傾向が認められず悪性腫瘍が疑われ,精査加療目的のため当科入院した.診断の結果,悪性腫瘍を否定できず,脊椎麻酔下で経尿道的膀胱粘膜生検及び膀胱腫瘍切除術を施行した.病理所見では水腎症を呈した尿管・膀胱マラコプラキアと診断された.術後14日後右水腎症の改善は認められず,ステント留置状態で退院となり現在経過観察中である A 70-year-old woman visited a nearby physician with a chief complaint of fever [researchgate.net]

• Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

  The patient was a heavy smoker with a recent history of recurrent urinary tract infections, but had no other significant medical history including immune suppression. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

  In the most common setting, when the bladder is the site of diseases, patients present with gross hematuria, lower urinary tract symptoms and recurrent urinary tract infection (most commonly with Escherichia coli ). [radiopaedia.org]

  A similar case of MP occurred in the bladder of a 63-year-old woman with a recurrent urinary tract infection. Eighteen months later she was found to have non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma localized to the bladder. [cttr.org]

  We present 4 patients with genitourinary malakoplakia, who manifested with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and hematuria in all except one, who presented with hydronephrosis secondary to a large pelvic mass. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  tract infection is described. [kundoc.com]

• Asymptomatic

  The patient was a 51-year-old female who had been suffering from asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed multiple yellow-red nodules in the posterior and lateral wall of the bladder. [ci.nii.ac.jp]

  He was asymptomatic during the first 10 hours, then he became anuric. [semanticscholar.org]

  Clinical features of malakoplakia of the skin and tongue Malakoplakia of the skin most commonly affects the perianal and genital area, presenting as asymptomatic, itchy or painful growths (tumours). [dermnetnz.org]

  Malakoplakia can be asymptomatic or present as hematuria, bladder mass, nodule or soft yellow plaque. [ 4 ]. [casereports.in]

  Clinical manifestations of colonic malakoplakia are very diverse, from asymptomatic to the presence of diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, vomiting, malaise, fever, and constipation [ 6 ]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Pain

  Herein, we present a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain and unintentional weight loss. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  She initially presented to an outside hospital with abdominal pain, nausea, emesis, fever and chills. She was diagnosed with and treated for pneumonia at the time. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

  The patient was a 22 year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital with complaints of bloody diarrhea and lower abdominal pain for the period of about one month. Clinically and endoscopically, ulcerative colitis was suspected. [webview.isho.jp]

  A 65 year-old nondiabetic male patient, known case of gallstone disease presented to the surgery outpatient department (OPD), Command Hospital, Udhampur, Jammu and Kashmir (India) with complaints of right-sided abdominal pain and vomiting. [ijpmonline.org]

  Clinically, patients usually present abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, hematuria and/or fever, with different symptoms according to the affected organ 3. [scielo.br]

• Osteoporosis

  The patient had a past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. She was taking insulin, teriparatide, low-dose prednisone, and valsartan. [urotoday.com]

• Dysuria

  A 29-year-old male presented with suprapubic pain, dysuria, increased frequency of micturition, and intermittent episodes of fever for 8 months. No diurnal variation of fever was noted. Hematuria was absent. Loss of weight and appetite were present. [urologyannals.com]

  Patients may have cyclic pain, dysuria, urgency, and pain, or they may be entirely asymptomatic. [pubs.rsna.org]

  However, she had persistent dysuria and bacteriuria, and therefore she was referred to urologist for further management. [casereports.in]

  Hematuria and dysuria eighteen months duration. Hard tumor felt on bimanual examination. Sectio alta with subtotal resection of bladder. [kundoc.com]

• Urinary Retention

  retention 慢性尿閉 chronic non-bacterial prostatitis 慢性非細菌性前立腺炎 chronic cystitis 慢性膀胱炎 mannitol clearance マンニトールクリアランス Cman mannitol diuresis マンニトール利尿 marginal donor マージナル（境界）ドナー [glossary.urol.or.jp]

  Other clinical features include irritative voiding symptoms such as dysuria and pain, as well as urinary retention. [pubs.rsna.org]

• Urinary Urgency

  Case Report A 62-year-old woman with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, poorly controlled diabetes and a history of stroke, first presented to her primary care physician with on and off hematuria, urinary urgency and frequency in November 2012. [casereports.in]

Respiratory cytopathology is indispensable in the workup of patients suspected of having lung cancer requiring cytologic evaluation and is used increasingly in immunocompromised patients for the identification of infectious diseases. [books.google.com]

JUL 2001; 22 (4) : 501-505 Vanzieleghem-BD; Lemmerling-MM; Vermeersch-HF; Govaert-P; Dhooge-I; Meire-F; Mortier-GR; Leroy-J; Kunnen-MF Imaging studies in the diagnostic workup of neonatal nasal obstruction JOURNAL-OF-COMPUTER-ASSISTED-TOMOGRAPHY. [malattierare.regione.veneto.it]

The histologic workup demonstrated extensive involvement of the epididymis by diffuse infiltrates of large histiocytes with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and numerous Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, which were diagnostic of malakoplakia. [e-sciencecentral.org]

For the hematuria workup, no acid fast bacilli were found in the early morning urine samples, and there was no evidence of malignancy in the urine cytology specimens. [casereports.in]

[…] phagocytic or degradative functions of histiocytes in response to gram negative coliforms ( E. coli or Proteus ) that results in chronic inflammatory state, followed by intracellular deposition of iron and calcium (known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies) Treatment [pathologyoutlines.com]

Significant updates on bariatric surgery, Barrett's esophagus, endoscopic ultrasound, endosonography, treatment of liver disease, and much more keep you current on the latest advances. [books.google.com]

Ciprofloxacin for treatment of malakoplakia. Lancet 1992;339:148–149. [icurology.org]

Treatment and prognosis Although malacoplakia may be extremely aggressive, invading the adjacent spaces and even causing bone destruction, non-surgical medical management is the mainstay of treatment. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous cystitis), granulomatous inflammation, papillary renal cell carcinoma, infarction (prostate), granular cell tumour Gross yellow mass Site urinary bladder and elsewhere Prevalence uncommon Endoscopy yellow lesion Prognosis [librepathology.org]

The prognosis of bilateral renal involvement is poor with 100% mortality within 6 months irrespective of the treatment chosen. Unilateral renal or upper tract involvement needs nephrectomy and has good results. [indianjurol.com]

Treatment and prognosis Although malacoplakia may be extremely aggressive, invading the adjacent spaces and even causing bone destruction, non-surgical medical management is the mainstay of treatment. [radiopaedia.org]

The prognosis of patients with malakoplakia is usually good 4. Follow-up, however, must be careful because long-term recurrence may occur 3. [scielo.br]

[…] and later named by Von Hansseman "Malakoplakia" comes from Greek words malakos (soft) and plakos (plaque) Epidemiology More common in immunocompromised (HIV, renal transplant recipients) and women Mean age at diagnosis is fifth decade Rare in children Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Frequent association of bladder malakoplakia with urinary tract infection suggests an infectious etiologic agent. [icurology.org]

One of the etiologies of malakoplakia is infection by Escherichia coli, which is supported by our data. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

Single or multiple tumors Often misdiagnosed clinically as a malignant condition Terminology First described by Michaelis and Gutmann in 1902 and later named by Von Hansseman "Malakoplakia" comes from Greek words malakos (soft) and plakos (plaque) Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

AJNR-Am-J-Neuroradiol. 2000 Aug; 21(7): 1334-6 Martinez-Frias,-M-L; Bermejo,-E; Rodriguez-Pinilla,-E Anal atresia, vertebral, genital, and urinary tract anomalies: a primary polytopic developmental field defect identified through an epidemiological analysis [malattierare.regione.veneto.it]

[…] bacterial organisms have been implicated, including Klebsiella, Proteus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Aerobacter, Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, and Burkholderia species.[3][4][9][11] Epidemiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] mastectomy Concomitant urinary tract infection Prolonged therapy with systemic corticosteroids Other rare associations that have been reported include papillary urothelial carcinoma [11] and abdominal malakoplakia following blunt trauma to the abdomen. [12] Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Eosinophilic cystitis: the relationship of allergy in the urinary tract to eosinophilic cystitis and the pathophysiology of eosinophilia. ]. Urol., 122; 457-460 (1974). 9) Ray H. L., Riad N. F., Cerny]. [deepdyve.com]

The pathophysiology of malakoplakiais thought to be associated with insufficient killing of bacteria by macrophages where the partially digested bacteria lead to a deposition of iron and calcium [6]. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

Stevens, S. and McClure, J. ( 1982 ) The histochemical features of the Michaelis-Gutmann body and a consideration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of its formation. Journal of Pathology, 137 : 119 – 127. [cambridge.org]

The pathophysiology of malakoplakia is unclear, but it is believed to be caused by inadequate bacterial phagocytosis due to lysosomal dysfunction. [urotoday.com]

To learn more or modify/prevent the use of cookies, see our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy. 70歳女.発熱を主訴とし,急性腎盂腎炎の診断がなされ,抗生物質の投与で経過観察されていたが腫瘤性病変に消退傾向が認められず悪性腫瘍が疑われ,精査加療目的のため当科入院した.診断の結果,悪性腫瘍を否定できず,脊椎麻酔下で経尿道的膀胱粘膜生検及び膀胱腫瘍切除術を施行した.病理所見では水腎症を呈した尿管・膀胱マラコプラキア [researchgate.net]

Early diagnosis together with adequate antibiotic treatment is important in patients with malakoplakia, and they should be closely followed up to prevent future development of renal insufficiency. [casereports.in]

These can be used long-term at low doses to prevent recurrence. Moreover, as immunosuppression has been implicated in malakoplakia, patients on immunosuppressants may need to discontinue them depending on the risk to benefit ratio. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Malakoplakia should always be considered as a differential diagnosis, in order to prevent misinterpretation of large nodules with fast growth, such as tumors, avoiding unnecessary and radical surgeries ( 4, 8 ). [scielo.br]