Vesico-ureteric reflux was present in 18 patients by 1 month of age (28%) and in 29 patients by 5 years of age (45%). New renal cortical scars developed in 9 patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Dyspareunia and high tone pelvic floor dysfunction are present in up to 80% of patients. [karger.com]

Taking out the uterus (hysterectomy) does not treat endometriosis at all because the ovaries are still present and producing estrogen. [melaniemarinmd.com]

Bladder pain may be present constantly, sporadically, or only when the bladder is full. Bladder pain may be associated with a serious condition. [healthgrades.com]

• Pain

  Malignant tumors can cause bladder pain, as well as pain with urination, abdominal pain, and bloody urine. Most early cases of bladder cancer are painless. [healthgrades.com]

  pain with adhesions, hysterectomy, IBS, painful bowel movements, bowel obstruction, bladder pain, lower back (sacroiliac joint) pain, painful intercourse, possibly vulvodynia and interstitial cystitis. [hormonesmatter.com]

  They are often told that there is no reason for them to be feeling so much pain. The pain is not in your head. [melaniemarinmd.com]

  Women may also have pain in the vagina or vulva. In men, there may be pain in the scrotum, testicles, or penis. Some people feel constant pain, but for others, the pain comes and goes. Sexual problems IC can interfere with your sex life. [healthline.com]

  Fulguration of Hunner's ulcers is usually performed to decrease pain. Hunner's ulcers likely cause pain due to the inflammation affecting surrounding nerves. Stretching of these areas as the bladder fills often dramatically increases pain. [smithinstituteforurology.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  Compared to TVT slings, the surgical procedure for TOT slings has a lower risk of urethral and bladder injury. [transvaginalmeshcenter.com]

  Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine developed a technique that avoids a second open surgical procedure and all the additional complications. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

  The operation is performed through the penis and usually there are no cuts or surgical incisions. The procedure is tolerated reasonably well, although associated with retrograde ejaculation. [windsorurology.co.uk]

  Following such surgical procedures on the prostate, a bladder neck contracture or scar tissue can form at the junction of the bladder outlet and the prostate. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Many surgical procedures are available for treating urethral strictures. Depending on the cause and other medical and social aspects, the most appropriate procedure may be recommended for each individual case. [laparoscopyhospital.com]

• Falling

  After the scab falls off, the scar is lumpy and red. A month later it is flat and pink. Six months after that, it pulls in on itself and turns white. [oncolink.org]

  They do not need to be removed; they will dissolve and fall out on their own. The paper “Steri-strips” should be removed 10 days after surgery. [med.unc.edu]

  Traumas Adhesion-causing traumas include falls, accidents and physical or sexual abuse. [clearpassage.com]

  These women could even undergo surgery to attempt removal of the mesh Surgery using mesh is done to fix pelvic prolapse (falling out bladder or vagina) or urinary leakage. [theurologyplace.com]

  Among the most common causes are “straddle” injuries, such as the bruising from falling onto a crossbar. As such injuries heal, scarring in the form of a stricture can develop. [urology.ucla.edu]

• Weakness

  This narrowing may cause some or all of the following symptoms: Weak stream Frequency, (the need to void often) Urgency, (the need to void in a hurry) Nocturia (the need to get up at night to void) Incomplete emptying of the bladder The aim of both a [urobop.co.nz]

  An episiotomy scar can make the pelvic floor inefficient and weak. Kristen explained, “During an episiotomy, the doctor cuts through the fibers of the pelvic floor muscles. [poise.com]

  A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra caused by injury, instrumentation, infection, and certain non-infectious forms of urethritis. [1] Signs and symptoms [ edit ] The hallmark sign of urethral stricture is a weak urinary stream. [en.wikipedia.org]

  It is unlikely an infection will lead to permanent damage, not least because the symptoms – shivering, weakness, sickness and loss of appetite – are hard to ignore. [dailymail.co.uk]

  […] overflow incontinence include: Blockages of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body) from tumors, urinary stones, scar tissue, swelling from infection, or kinks caused by dropping of the bladder within the abdomen Weak [webmd.com]

• Burning Pain

  For about five years I have had lower back pain. Burning pain started 6 months ago when my bladder is full and when I pee, is about 14 times a day and 5 times at night. Being intimate with my husband is out of the question. [hormonesmatter.com]

• Constipation

  Some patients may benefit from an increased fibre intake as constipation can also trigger the problem. Cherry says: ‘I now avoid doing too much because being run-down can make you more liable to infection. 'I try to eat well and stay well-hydrated. [dailymail.co.uk]

  O’Regan S, Schick E, Hamburdger B, Yasbeck S (1986) Constipation associated with vesicoureteral reflux. Urology 28:394–396 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 40. [link.springer.com]

  However, when it causes infertility, pain or gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating and constipation, a woman might consider a procedure called resection of pelvic adhesions. [innovativegyn.com]

  The pain only got worse and I started to have bouts of painful constipation and diarrhea which I was told was IBS. My belly was and is often bloated with a painful “pulling” sensation and severe gas. [hormonesmatter.com]

  However, when the adhesions cause infertility, pain or gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating and constipation, a woman might consider a procedure called resection of pelvic adhesions. [gynsurgeryinfo.org]

• Diarrhea

  Chronic diarrhea or poor absorption of food is one of the common late side effects of radiation. [mdanderson.org]

  الصفحة 157 - Poley, JR: Role of bile acid malabsorption in pathogenesis of diarrhea and steatorrhea in patients with ileal resection. I. Response to cholestyramine or replacement of dietary long chain triglyceride by medium chain triglyceride. ‏ [books.google.com]

  An infant who is refusing food, eating poorly, is lethargic, difficult to wake up, has inconsolable crying, diarrhea, or vomiting also needs medical attention. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  I know the radiation may give him diarrhea & tiredness, but is urethral stricture & bowel adhesions a common side effect? Are there any other side effects we should be aware of while trying to make a decision about treatment? Thank you! [oncolink.org]

  Abdominal adhesions can cause ongoing digestive issues (e.g., bloating, diarrhea, constipation, painful bowel movements) as they squeeze the intestines or pull the tailbone forward. [clearpassage.com]

• Vomiting

  […] kidney failure protein in the urine scarring of kidney tissue An infant may have vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and may not be growing normally. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  For nausea and vomiting, instructing the patient to eat bland small meals throughout the day, with or without antiemetics as needed, is the treatment choice. [mdanderson.org]

  Bladder infection may cause fever, dull pain in the lower part of the abdomen, and vomiting. If the infection reaches the kidneys, symptoms are more severe, with pain in the loins, on one or both sides, and fever. [britannica.com]

  […] or higher Symptoms of infection at an incision site such as increased redness or swelling, warmth, worsening pain, or foul-smelling drainage Abdominal or kidney pain that won’t go away with pain medicine Blood clots in the urine Swelling of the legs Vomiting [saintlukeshealthsystem.org]

  Babies and young children with a UTI may have fever (temperature over 38C), be sick (vomit), feel tired or irritable and not feed well. [infokid.org.uk]

• Nausea

  Blood in the urine and nausea are also symptoms of a ureteral stricture, as are frequent urinary tract infections. Pain may worsen with increased fluid intake. [nyulangone.org]

  For nausea and vomiting, instructing the patient to eat bland small meals throughout the day, with or without antiemetics as needed, is the treatment choice. [mdanderson.org]

  Additional symptoms of pyelonephritis include: Upper back and side pain Fever and chills Nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis Because of the risk of complications, it’s important to see a doctor promptly if you have signs of a UTI. [innerbody.com]

  Possible side effects are not common, but may include nausea, diarrhea and gastric distress. A small percentage of people may have temporary hair loss. [urologyhealth.org]

  It may lead to lead to more serious illness, with fever, nausea (feeling sick), vomiting or pain. It may resolve (get better) completely, or may lead to kidney scarring. [infokid.org.uk]

• Suprapubic Pain

  […] during urination pain above the bladder (suprapubic pain) intense need to urinate (urgency) need to urinate often (frequency) fever or chills Bladder irritation may occur shortly after chemotherapy is given. [cancer.ca]

• Blister

  Genetic changes cause abnormal blisters of fluid ( cysts ) to grow in the kidneys. It is congenital (you are born with it), familial (runs in families) and affects both sexes. It is more usually seen in adults between the ages of 30 and 50. [ppt-health.com]

• Burning Sensation

  We've all heard of acid reflux — when stomach acids move up into the esophagus and cause a burning sensation — but there can be other types of reflux in the body. [kidshealth.org]

  When to see a doctor Parents or caregivers should consult a doctor if the child has a strong and persistent urge to urinate, experiences a burning sensation when urinating, or has abdominal or flank pain. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  The most common side effects include: Burning sensation when urinating Mild discomfort Change in the force of urine stream Blood in the urine, causing red, dark burgundy, or brown color Most patients will also have a catheter or small tube inserted into [comprehensive-urology.com]

• Urinary Incontinence

  Bladder and urethral sling surgeries are used to treat urinary incontinence that cannot be successfully treated with medication. [zurology.com]

  Bladder neck contracture will typically cause narrowing of the urinary tract resulting in slow urinary stream, difficulty emptying the bladder, and other urinary symptoms. It can even result in urinary incontinence. [medstarwashington.org]

  I think it is a great solution for men with severe urinary incontinence, but I would advise this procedure be performed by a doctor who specializes in incontinence surgery. 10. [drcatalona.com]

  Dysuria (painful urination) Burning with urination Urinary frequency Urinary urgency Urinary incontinence (involuntary loss of urine) Nocturia (awakening at night to urinate, considered a disturbance in voiding if it occurs two or more times in a night [chemocare.com]

  Patients who suffer from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) experience urine leakage when they laugh, sneeze, cough, exercise, or perform other regular activities. The condition is often caused by a weakening of the pelvic muscles after pregnancy. [transvaginalmeshcenter.com]

• Nocturia

  Patients had improved frequency and nocturia 12 weeks post injection. © 2016 S. [karger.com]

  As the scar contracts, the bladder wall gets stiffer and the bladder may get smaller, causing permanent frequency, urgency, and nocturia that varies in severity. [oncolink.org]

  This narrowing may cause some or all of the following symptoms: Weak stream Frequency, (the need to void often) Urgency, (the need to void in a hurry) Nocturia (the need to get up at night to void) Incomplete emptying of the bladder The aim of both a [urobop.co.nz]

  This symptom can occur all day and throughout the night ( nocturia ), interrupting your sleep pattern. [healthline.com]

  Dysuria (painful urination) Burning with urination Urinary frequency Urinary urgency Urinary incontinence (involuntary loss of urine) Nocturia (awakening at night to urinate, considered a disturbance in voiding if it occurs two or more times in a night [chemocare.com]

You have had a very thorough urology workup include an IVP, cystourethrogram, cytology and cystoscopy. This would exclude most of the structural causes for recurrent UTIs. This would also exclude most of the causes for the blood in your urine. [medhelp.org]

This was the first cystoscopy these patients underwent, as part of their IC/BPS workup. [karger.com]

Some options are sperm banking for males prior to treatments and egg harvesting for females prior to treatments. [mdanderson.org]

Problems after radiation treatment for prostate cancer: Radiation therapy is an essential treatment for prostate cancers. Complications from radiation are very rare, but occasionally men can develop a urethral stricture after radiation treatment. [turnsresearch.org]

No single treatment works for all people with IC/BPS. Treatment must be chosen for each patient based on symptoms. Patients usually try different treatments (or combinations of treatments) until good symptom relief occurs. [urologyhealth.org]

Hemorrhagic cystitis can occur during treatment, immediately following treatment, or the onset may be delayed for months following treatment. [chemocare.com]

The urinary bladder can be irradiated intentionally for the treatment of bladder cancer or incidentally for the treatment of other pelvic malignancies. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] found that in patients with rectal cancer, preoperative chemoradiation with cetuximab, irinotecan, and capecitabine was active and well tolerated. [8] After treatment for bladder cancer, acute symptoms (ie, those observed during treatment and lasting Prognosis [emedicine.medscape.com]

From What is the prognosis (outcome) of interstitial cystitis? IC/PBS is a chronic condition characterized by periods of relapse or flare-ups and remission. [medicinenet.com]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Therapeutic radiation may be delivered via various external sources. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The diagnosis of IC/PBS is made in patients with chronic bladder pain without any underlying etiology for the symptoms. The current AUA guidelines require the duration of symptoms to be at least 6 weeks. [karger.com]

References Koziol JA: Epidemiology of interstitial cystitis. Urol Clin North Am 1994;21:7-20. van de Merwe JP: Interstitial cystitis and systemic autoimmune diseases. Nat Clin Pract Urol 2007;4:484-491. [karger.com]

Adhesion-related readmissions following gynaecological laparoscopy or laparotomy in Scotland: an epidemiological study of 24 046 patients. Hum Reprod. 2004; 19:1877 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178659 Wiseman, D. M. [hormonesmatter.com]

(doses >2Gy/fraction increase risk) Total dose - Toxicity increases when the total dose received exceeds 60Gy to the bladder; conformal beam therapy allows higher doses to the target tissue while maintaining lower total dose delivered to the bladder Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Therapeutic radiation may be delivered via various external sources. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Mostwin J (2002) Pathophysiology: the varieties of bladder overactivity. Urology 60:22–26 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 5. [link.springer.com]

For mild VUR, we tend to treat with a low dose of preventive antibiotics and perform regular tests to evaluate the VUR and kidney function. The antibiotics help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). [beaumont.org]

Prevention and management To help prevent the bladder from becoming irritated during chemotherapy, the healthcare team may: give extra fluids intravenously (into a vein) give a drug called mesna (Uromitexan) to help protect the bladder before, during [cancer.ca]

How to Prevent or Minimize C-Section Adhesions If you know you will be having a C-Section take a pro-active approach using these tips to prevent C-Section Adhesions from becoming a problem. – Inquire about using adhesion blockers with your doctor. [worry-free-c-section.com]

But with prompt treatment, long-term complications and damage to the kidneys can be prevented. Date reviewed: March 2014 [kidshealth.org]

In some cases, women with recurrent UTI may be given an antibiotic to take immediately following sexual intercourse in order to prevent infection. [britannica.com]