Vesico-ureteric reflux was present in 18 patients by 1 month of age (28%) and in 29 patients by 5 years of age (45%). New renal cortical scars developed in 9 patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Dyspareunia and high tone pelvic floor dysfunction are present in up to 80% of patients. [karger.com]

Taking out the uterus (hysterectomy) does not treat endometriosis at all because the ovaries are still present and producing estrogen. [melaniemarinmd.com]

Bladder pain may be present constantly, sporadically, or only when the bladder is full. Bladder pain may be associated with a serious condition. [healthgrades.com]

• Fever

  It's often first detected when a child has a urinary tract infection (UTI) with a fever. [kidshealth.org]

  If the child has a fever with no obvious source, a doctor should be consulted. Apart from a UTI, it could be an upper respiratory infection, viral gastroenteritis, or pneumonia. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  […] platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) Symptoms Symptoms of bladder damage include: blood in the urine (hematuria) burning or pain during urination pain above the bladder (suprapubic pain) intense need to urinate (urgency) need to urinate often (frequency) fever [cancer.ca]

  Professor Neil Turner, consultant nephrologist at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, says developing a fever with simple cystitis is unusual and a sign an infection has spread to the kidneys. [dailymail.co.uk]

  Fever or flu-like symptoms are common, and pain in the lower back often accompanies a kidney infection. Causes Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that have transferred from the anus or vagina to the urethra. [healthyimmunity.com]

• Infertility

  Infertility. There’s about a 20% risk that C-Section adhesions can interfere with future fertility. [worry-free-c-section.com]

  Adhesions are a major cause of female infertility as they form glue-like bonds within delicate reproductive structures. [clearpassage.com]

  However, depending on how much there is and where it is located, it may cause a woman to be infertile. [babygaga.com]

  For infertility and sterility, these things need to be addressed prior to start of radiation treatments. Once the testes and ovaries have received radiation, if there is damage, this cannot be reversed. [mdanderson.org]

  However, when it causes infertility, pain or gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating and constipation, a woman might consider a procedure called resection of pelvic adhesions. [innovativegyn.com]

• Fatigue

  Now, the management of the acute side effects, including fatigue har --- which is usually mild and managed with longer nightly sleep or a nap during the day. Exercise can also lessen the effects of fatigue. [mdanderson.org]

  This schedule allows the muscles to rest between exercise periods so the muscles do not remain in a fatigued state. [drcatalona.com]

  […] urination Urinary frequency Urinary urgency Urinary incontinence (involuntary loss of urine) Nocturia (awakening at night to urinate, considered a disturbance in voiding if it occurs two or more times in a night) Vague abdominal (or suprapubic) pain Fatigue [chemocare.com]

  A lot of our patients with IC also have chronic fatigue. There's about a 15 percent overlap between IC and chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia and scleroderma and other collagen vascular type diseases, which are immune system disorders. [centralparkurology.com]

  While hormonal changes alone can cause breathing changes or increased pain during the period from muscle fatigue or joint inflammation, any pain that only occurs during the period might be due to endometriosis. [melaniemarinmd.com]

• Rigor

  Tip: Never stretch too rigorously. Take care to stretch gently and move slowly. If something hurts or doesn’t feel right, don’t do it. [worry-free-c-section.com]

  The symptoms of pyelonephritis are all those of cystitis but in addition the patient may complain of pain in the back in the region of the kidneys on one or both sides, a fever and shivers (called rigors). [nmihi.com]

• Weight Loss

  TODAY'S EVENTS Calendar - Hysterectomies - Birthdays Request Information Fibroid Treatments Post-op Intimacy - Weight Loss …more I am a HysterSister HYSTERECTOMY STORIES Featured Story - All Stories - Share Yours FOLLOW US Your Hysterectomy Date CUSTOMIZE [hystersisters.com]

• Constipation

  Some patients may benefit from an increased fibre intake as constipation can also trigger the problem. Cherry says: ‘I now avoid doing too much because being run-down can make you more liable to infection. 'I try to eat well and stay well-hydrated. [dailymail.co.uk]

  O’Regan S, Schick E, Hamburdger B, Yasbeck S (1986) Constipation associated with vesicoureteral reflux. Urology 28:394–396 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 40. [link.springer.com]

  However, when it causes infertility, pain or gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating and constipation, a woman might consider a procedure called resection of pelvic adhesions. [innovativegyn.com]

  The pain only got worse and I started to have bouts of painful constipation and diarrhea which I was told was IBS. My belly was and is often bloated with a painful “pulling” sensation and severe gas. [hormonesmatter.com]

  However, when the adhesions cause infertility, pain or gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating and constipation, a woman might consider a procedure called resection of pelvic adhesions. [gynsurgeryinfo.org]

• Diarrhea

  Chronic diarrhea or poor absorption of food is one of the common late side effects of radiation. [mdanderson.org]

  الصفحة 157 - Poley, JR: Role of bile acid malabsorption in pathogenesis of diarrhea and steatorrhea in patients with ileal resection. I. Response to cholestyramine or replacement of dietary long chain triglyceride by medium chain triglyceride. ‏ [books.google.com]

  An infant who is refusing food, eating poorly, is lethargic, difficult to wake up, has inconsolable crying, diarrhea, or vomiting also needs medical attention. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  I know the radiation may give him diarrhea & tiredness, but is urethral stricture & bowel adhesions a common side effect? Are there any other side effects we should be aware of while trying to make a decision about treatment? Thank you! [oncolink.org]

  Abdominal adhesions can cause ongoing digestive issues (e.g., bloating, diarrhea, constipation, painful bowel movements) as they squeeze the intestines or pull the tailbone forward. [clearpassage.com]

• Vomiting

  […] kidney failure protein in the urine scarring of kidney tissue An infant may have vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and may not be growing normally. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  For nausea and vomiting, instructing the patient to eat bland small meals throughout the day, with or without antiemetics as needed, is the treatment choice. [mdanderson.org]

  Bladder infection may cause fever, dull pain in the lower part of the abdomen, and vomiting. If the infection reaches the kidneys, symptoms are more severe, with pain in the loins, on one or both sides, and fever. [britannica.com]

  […] or higher Symptoms of infection at an incision site such as increased redness or swelling, warmth, worsening pain, or foul-smelling drainage Abdominal or kidney pain that won’t go away with pain medicine Blood clots in the urine Swelling of the legs Vomiting [saintlukeshealthsystem.org]

  Babies and young children with a UTI may have fever (temperature over 38C), be sick (vomit), feel tired or irritable and not feed well. [infokid.org.uk]

• Abdominal Pain

  Malignant tumors can cause bladder pain, as well as pain with urination, abdominal pain, and bloody urine. Most early cases of bladder cancer are painless. [healthgrades.com]

  Abdominal Adhesions are the most common cause of bowel obstruction. Chronic abdominal pain. Adhesions can adhere to abdominal organs or tissues causing a pulling, painful sensation. Increased risk of bladder injury. Infertility. [worry-free-c-section.com]

  […] smell Pain or pressure in the lower belly (women) Rectal and lower abdominal pain (men) Fatigue Fever. [innerbody.com]

  When to see a doctor Parents or caregivers should consult a doctor if the child has a strong and persistent urge to urinate, experiences a burning sensation when urinating, or has abdominal or flank pain. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  After using Alka-Plex® for three months, the interstitial cystitis patients reported a 50 percent decrease in bladder and abdominal pain, a 31 percent reduction in urgency, and a 37 percent reduction in urinary frequency. [alkalineforlife.com]

• Suprapubic Pain

  […] during urination pain above the bladder (suprapubic pain) intense need to urinate (urgency) need to urinate often (frequency) fever or chills Bladder irritation may occur shortly after chemotherapy is given. [cancer.ca]

• Flushing

  If you have hemorrhagic cystitis, follow these tips to help lessen symptoms: Drink extra fluids to flush out your system. If you have kidney or heart problems, first check with your doctor to make sure it is safe for you to do this. [curesearch.org]

  […] becoming irritated during chemotherapy, the healthcare team may: give extra fluids intravenously (into a vein) give a drug called mesna (Uromitexan) to help protect the bladder before, during or after chemotherapy control severe bleeding by: irrigating or flushing [cancer.ca]

  Prevention of Hemorrhagic Cystitis: There are options that can be tried: Continuous bladder irrigation with normal saline Aggressive fluid intake by mouth or by intravenous (IV) infusion (to flush metabolites from the bladder) Alkalinization of urine [chemocare.com]

  Cherry, 30, was given antibiotics and a hydration drip to flush out the infection, and kept in hospital for five days. [dailymail.co.uk]

  The shaved tissue is then flushed into the bladder and washed out through the tubing at the end of the operation. [windsorurology.co.uk]

• Fear

  Ketamine user But medical professionals fear it is just the tip of iceberg. Many more aren’t seeking help and ketamine use goes unreported. [channel4.com]

  For example, some women get into a pattern of constantly pulling up and holding in those muscles for fear of leaking. [poise.com]

  That is my fear.... actually that it whats weird since i have all of this scar tissue and the doctor told me it was pretty bad...i have no pain..at least as of now...however, each c section you have can increase the scar tissue. when your c is performed [pregnancy-info.net]

  This may lead her to constipation since some women fear the pain of going so they wait until they are impacted and then can't move the stool. [babygaga.com]

• Anger

  […] general symptoms and signs 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code bladder N32.89 Hypertrophy, hypertrophic bladder N32.89 (sphincter) (trigone) Inversion bladder N32.89 Irritable, irritability R45.4 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code R45.4 Irritability and anger [icd10data.com]

• Incontinence

  Causes of Overflow Incontinence Unlike other types of incontinence, overflow incontinence is more common in men than women. The most common cause in men is an enlarged prostate, which impedes the flow of urine out of the bladder. [webmd.com]

  A: In most cases, incontinence after radical prostatectomy is due to a weak urinary sphincter muscle. This type of incontinence seldom responds to drug therapy. If incontinence is due to an overactive bladder, drug therapy sometimes is helpful. [drcatalona.com]

  Patients treated for severe bladder neck contracture also faced a high risk of impotence and long-term incontinence from the additional surgical trauma. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

  Rarely (less than 1 in 30 men), the muscle mechanism that controls the flow is damaged by TURP leading to incontinence on activity ('stress incontinence'). [windsorurology.co.uk]

  However, recent research has shown that even though mini-slings result in fewer bladder injuries during surgery, they may not treat incontinence problems as well as other types of bladder slings. [transvaginalmeshcenter.com]

• Urinary Incontinence

  Bladder and urethral sling surgeries are used to treat urinary incontinence that cannot be successfully treated with medication. [zurology.com]

  Bladder neck contracture will typically cause narrowing of the urinary tract resulting in slow urinary stream, difficulty emptying the bladder, and other urinary symptoms. It can even result in urinary incontinence. [medstarwashington.org]

  I think it is a great solution for men with severe urinary incontinence, but I would advise this procedure be performed by a doctor who specializes in incontinence surgery. 10. [drcatalona.com]

  Dysuria (painful urination) Burning with urination Urinary frequency Urinary urgency Urinary incontinence (involuntary loss of urine) Nocturia (awakening at night to urinate, considered a disturbance in voiding if it occurs two or more times in a night [chemocare.com]

  Patients who suffer from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) experience urine leakage when they laugh, sneeze, cough, exercise, or perform other regular activities. The condition is often caused by a weakening of the pelvic muscles after pregnancy. [transvaginalmeshcenter.com]

• Urinary Urgency

  IC involves scarring and inflammation of the bladder lining bringing about symptoms of urinary urgency, urinary frequency, and pelvic pain. Pain may vary in intensity as the bladder fills or empties with urine. [alkalineforlife.com]

  Produces urine and helps regulate body fluids Transports urine to the bladder Serves as a reservoir for urine Conveys urine to exterior A condition characterized by urinary urgency and frequency without obvious infection or other pathology Inability to [quizlet.com]

  The symptoms of IC/PBS are pelvic or bladder pain, frequent urination, and urinary urgency. IC/PBS has a variable course, meaning that symptoms can appear and disappear over time. [medicinenet.com]

  If you have ongoing urinary urgency or pelvic pain, make an appointment to see your doctor. There is no single test to diagnose IC. [healthline.com]

  Dysuria (painful urination) Burning with urination Urinary frequency Urinary urgency Urinary incontinence (involuntary loss of urine) Nocturia (awakening at night to urinate, considered a disturbance in voiding if it occurs two or more times in a night [chemocare.com]

• Hematuria

  Hemorrhagic cystitis is the sudden onset of hematuria combined with bladder pain and irritative bladder symptoms. Hematuria is blood in the urine. [chemocare.com]

  Other Kidney Diseases Hematuria – Another effect of kidney scarring is the presence of blood in the urine, also called hematuria. [ppt-health.com]

  Collects fluid filtered through glomerulus The "notch" in each kidney where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter attach Funnels urine from the kidney into the ureter The middle layer of the kidney The outer layer of the kidney Jan is experiencing hematuria [quizlet.com]

  Manifestations of radiation cystitis can range from minor, temporary, irritative voiding symptoms and painless, microscopic hematuria to more severe complications, such as gross hematuria; contracted, nonfunctional bladder; persistent incontinence; fistula [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] occurs more often in people who have: received radiation therapy to the bladder or pelvis a history of persistent bladder or urinary tract infections low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) Symptoms Symptoms of bladder damage include: blood in the urine (hematuria [cancer.ca]

• Urinary Retention

  […] starting urine flow Painful urination (dysuria) Urinary tract infection (UTI) Urinary retention Incomplete emptying of bladder Decreased urine stream Dribbling of urine Spraying or double streaming urine Blood in the urine (hematuria) Blood in the semen [laparoscopyhospital.com]

  This is referred to as acute urinary retention, and is a medical emergency. Hydronephrosis and renal failure may also occur. [en.wikipedia.org]

  In addition to uncomfortable urinary symptoms such as reduced flow rate and more frequent urination, a urethral stricture can lead to complications that include urinary tract infections, prostatitis, urinary retention and kidney damage. [urology.ucla.edu]

  This can cause sudden urinary retention. This condition must be treated quickly. Long-term blockage can lead to permanent bladder or kidney damage. Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of urethral stricture. [medlineplus.gov]

  Symptoms include weak urinary stream, straining to urinate, a spread-out stream, hesitancy, incomplete emptying, urinary retention and post-urination dribbling. Frequent and painful urination are also common initial complaints. [urology.wustl.edu]

You have had a very thorough urology workup include an IVP, cystourethrogram, cytology and cystoscopy. This would exclude most of the structural causes for recurrent UTIs. This would also exclude most of the causes for the blood in your urine. [medhelp.org]

This was the first cystoscopy these patients underwent, as part of their IC/BPS workup. [karger.com]

Some options are sperm banking for males prior to treatments and egg harvesting for females prior to treatments. [mdanderson.org]

Problems after radiation treatment for prostate cancer: Radiation therapy is an essential treatment for prostate cancers. Complications from radiation are very rare, but occasionally men can develop a urethral stricture after radiation treatment. [turnsresearch.org]

No single treatment works for all people with IC/BPS. Treatment must be chosen for each patient based on symptoms. Patients usually try different treatments (or combinations of treatments) until good symptom relief occurs. [urologyhealth.org]

Hemorrhagic cystitis can occur during treatment, immediately following treatment, or the onset may be delayed for months following treatment. [chemocare.com]

The urinary bladder can be irradiated intentionally for the treatment of bladder cancer or incidentally for the treatment of other pelvic malignancies. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] found that in patients with rectal cancer, preoperative chemoradiation with cetuximab, irinotecan, and capecitabine was active and well tolerated. [8] After treatment for bladder cancer, acute symptoms (ie, those observed during treatment and lasting Prognosis [emedicine.medscape.com]

From What is the prognosis (outcome) of interstitial cystitis? IC/PBS is a chronic condition characterized by periods of relapse or flare-ups and remission. [medicinenet.com]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Therapeutic radiation may be delivered via various external sources. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The diagnosis of IC/PBS is made in patients with chronic bladder pain without any underlying etiology for the symptoms. The current AUA guidelines require the duration of symptoms to be at least 6 weeks. [karger.com]

References Koziol JA: Epidemiology of interstitial cystitis. Urol Clin North Am 1994;21:7-20. van de Merwe JP: Interstitial cystitis and systemic autoimmune diseases. Nat Clin Pract Urol 2007;4:484-491. [karger.com]

Adhesion-related readmissions following gynaecological laparoscopy or laparotomy in Scotland: an epidemiological study of 24 046 patients. Hum Reprod. 2004; 19:1877 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178659 Wiseman, D. M. [hormonesmatter.com]

(doses >2Gy/fraction increase risk) Total dose - Toxicity increases when the total dose received exceeds 60Gy to the bladder; conformal beam therapy allows higher doses to the target tissue while maintaining lower total dose delivered to the bladder Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Therapeutic radiation may be delivered via various external sources. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Mostwin J (2002) Pathophysiology: the varieties of bladder overactivity. Urology 60:22–26 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 5. [link.springer.com]

For mild VUR, we tend to treat with a low dose of preventive antibiotics and perform regular tests to evaluate the VUR and kidney function. The antibiotics help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). [beaumont.org]

Prevention and management To help prevent the bladder from becoming irritated during chemotherapy, the healthcare team may: give extra fluids intravenously (into a vein) give a drug called mesna (Uromitexan) to help protect the bladder before, during [cancer.ca]

How to Prevent or Minimize C-Section Adhesions If you know you will be having a C-Section take a pro-active approach using these tips to prevent C-Section Adhesions from becoming a problem. – Inquire about using adhesion blockers with your doctor. [worry-free-c-section.com]

But with prompt treatment, long-term complications and damage to the kidneys can be prevented. Date reviewed: March 2014 [kidshealth.org]

In some cases, women with recurrent UTI may be given an antibiotic to take immediately following sexual intercourse in order to prevent infection. [britannica.com]