As a result there can be slow blood loss which may lead to anemia, or there may be massive blood loss with severe complications in the short term. [healthhype.com]

Instead of transporting oxygen and nutrients, the blood pools and causes anemia. Symptoms of anemia and blood loss are dizziness, loss of skin tone or coloring resulting in a pale appearance and general fatigue. [livestrong.com]

A blood test for anemia may be done, and a stool sample may be checked for the presence of blood. Both of these tests can indicate a bleeding ulcer. [health.harvard.edu]

Slow bleeding is typically from a small blood vessel; the usual result is low blood count (anemia), and the symptoms are tiredness ( fatigue ), lethargy, and pallor. [emedicinehealth.com]

RESULTS: 263/500 (52.6%) were taking NSAIDs before the acute bleeding. 70/96 (72.9%) patients with red haematemesis showed haemodynamic changes vs 15/107 (14%) with dark haematemesis and melena, and 29/281 (10.3%) with melena alone, p 0.01, OR 20. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnosis UGI bleeding in children often presents with large-volume hematemesis and can be from either a variceal or non-variceal (peptic-ulcer) source or with coffee-ground emesis or melena. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Acute hemorrhage from upper gastrointestine was defined as classical presentation with hematemesis, coffee-ground emesis, and/or melena. [clinicaltrials.gov]

After endoscopic treatment, patients were randomly assigned to receive either: Omeprazole, 80mg bolus, then continuous infusion of 8mg/hr for 72 hours Placebo Recurrent bleeding defined as: Vomiting fresh blood Shock (SBP 110bpm) with melena after stabilization [wikijournalclub.org]

NSAID users may be classified as low or high risk, according to the absence or presence of one or more of the following factors associated with an increased risk of bleeding: co-morbidities; corticosteroid or anticoagulant co-therapy; previous dyspepsia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] ground, 1, 2 and apparently with good reason, as the increased abnormal psychic stimuli created by the advent of the war and the need for adjustment to a new environment are all reflected in the many reports of an appreciable increase in the incidence of dyspepsia [annals.org]

The British Society of Gastroenterology defines dyspepsia as a group of symptoms that alert doctors to consider disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and states that dyspepsia itself is not a diagnosis. [pathways.nice.org.uk]

Symptoms Dyspepsia The most common symptoms of peptic ulcer are known collectively as dyspepsia, or symptoms of indigestion. [pennstatehershey.adam.com]

There is sudden, intense, continuous epigastric pain that spreads rapidly throughout the abdomen, often becoming prominent in the right lower quadrant and at times referred to one or both shoulders. [merckmanuals.com]

CLINICAL FEATURES Typical symptoms of peptic ulcer disease include episodic gnawing or burning epigastric pain; pain occurring two to five hours after meals or on an empty stomach; and nocturnal pain relieved by food intake, antacids, or antisecretory [aafp.org]

Introduction • Burning epigastric pain exacerbated by fasting and improved with meals is a symptom complex associated with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). • An ulcer is defined as disruption of the mucosal integrity of the stomach and/or duodenum leading [slideshare.net]

When symptoms occur, they include: A gnawing or burning pain in the middle or upper stomach between meals or at night Bloating Heartburn Nausea or vomiting In severe cases, symptoms can include: Dark or black stool (due to bleeding) Vomiting Weight loss [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Black stool from blood is called maleana and from food supplements or foods like karo (atapa) is called false maleana. [monitor.co.ug]

Sometimes, stomach ulcers can lead to more serious symptoms, such as: a sudden sharp pain in your stomach that gets worse vomiting blood blood in your stool (poo) or black stools. If you have any of these symptoms, see a doctor immediately. [healthdirect.gov.au]

Signs of a bleeding ulcer include lightheadedness, dizziness, and black stools. Scar tissue: This is thick tissue that develops after an injury. This tissue makes it difficult for food to pass through your digestive tract. [healthline.com]

Additional etiologic factors Any of the following may be associated with PUD: Hepatic cirrhosis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Allergic gastritis and eosinophilic gastritis Uremic gastropathy Henoch-Schönlein gastritis Corrosive gastropathy Bile [emedicine.medscape.com]

In the case of the older child or adolescent with this presentation, consideration needs to be given to NSAID-induced gastropathy arising from self-medication. [hawaii.edu]

Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hypotension (odds ratio (OR) 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-3.48), haemoglobin level less that 10 g/dl (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.18-2.96), fresh blood in the stomach (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.40-3.31), ulcer [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

They included hypotension, hemoglobin 2cm and active bleeding during endoscopy [Wong Gut 2003]. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Rebleeding was defined as patients who, during hospitalization, presented one or more of the following signs: hematemesis, persistent melena (during reevaluation in 12 and 24 h), enterorrhagia, hypotension (fall of the sistolic pressure ³ 25 mm Hg or [scielo.br]

Place the patient in the recumbent position with the legs elevated to prevent hypotension, or place the patient on the left side to prevent aspiration from vomiting. Treat hypovolemic shock as indicated. [nurseslabs.com]

Variable & Score 0 1 2 3 Age (years) 60-79 80 Shock "No shock": pulse "Tachycardia": pulse 100 systolic BP 100 mm Hg "Hypotension": systolic BP 100 mm Hg Comorbidity "Hypotension": systolic BP 100 mm Hg No major comorbidity Cardiac failure, ischaemic [omicsonline.org]

Note and report symptoms of perforation (sudden abdominal pain, referred pain to shoulders, vomiting and collapse, extremely tender and rigid abdomen, hypotension and tachycardia, or other signs of shock). [nurseslabs.com]

[…] patients who, during hospitalization, presented one or more of the following signs: hematemesis, persistent melena (during reevaluation in 12 and 24 h), enterorrhagia, hypotension (fall of the sistolic pressure ³ 25 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ³ 15 mm Hg), tachycardia [scielo.br]

tachycardia, hypotension, bloody emesis or nasogastric aspirate in hospital) endoscopy within 12 h may be considered to potentially improve clinical outcomes (Conditional recommendation). 83. 2015-04-07 83 Endoscopic diagnosis 12. [slideshare.net]

tachycardia, hypotension, bloody emesis or nasogastric aspirate in hospital) endoscopy within 12 h may be considered to potentially improve clinical outcomes (Conditional recommendation). [gi.org]

Rockall Risk Scoring System for Patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease Feature Points Age (years) 60 0 60 to 79 1 79 2 Shock No shock (SBP 100, pulse 100 bpm) 0 Tachycardia (SBP 100, pulse 100 bpm) 1 Hypotension (SBP 100) 2 Comorbid illness No major comorbid [aafp.org]

Acinetobacter baumannii Xanthomonadaceae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cardiobacteriaceae Cardiobacterium hominis HACEK Aeromonadales Aeromonas hydrophila / Aeromonas veronii Aeromonas infection ε Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis, Guillain–Barré [en.wikipedia.org]

H pylori infection promotes acquisition of lymphocytic infiltration and often the formation of lymphocytic aggregates and follicles from which MALT lymphoma develops. [emedicine.medscape.com]