The purpose of the present study was to further examine gender differences in BPD. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Turkish

  Crossref ErcanDalbudak, CuneytEvren. (2015) The impact of childhood traumas, depressive and anxiety symptoms on the relationship between borderline personality features and symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Turkish university [doi.org]

  Crossref M.Alpay Ates, AyhanAlgul, Umit B.Semiz, OmerGecici, CengizBasoglu, ServetEbrinc, MesutCetin. (2011) Clinical Characteristics of Self-Mutilating Behavior in Turkish Male Subjects With Antisocial Personality Disorder: Relationship To Psychopathy [dx.doi.org]

• Ganser Syndrome

  Ganser's syndrome. Investigations Toxicology screen because substance abuse is common (as with many personality disorders). [patient.info]

• Claustrophobia

  We also excluded participants who had any metal implants in their body, were left-handed, or who suffered from claustrophobia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

See Workup for more detail. Management Historically, treatment of patients with BPD has been difficult. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Abstract Objective: The authors examined three yearlong outpatient treatments for borderline personality disorder: dialectical behavior therapy, transference-focused psychotherapy, and a dynamic supportive treatment. [ajp.psychiatryonline.org]

The duration of treatment We report treatment duration as a variable of outcome, defined as the number of months in treatment and treatment drop-out as less than 3 months in treatment. 2. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The so called “treatment gap” is a function of the disinclination of the afflicted to submit for treatment, an under diagnosing of the disorder by healthcare providers, and the limited availability and access to state-of-the-art treatments. [bpdfamily.com]

Borderline Personality Disorder Psychological Treatments Dialectical Behavior Therapy NEW (strong research support) Mentalization-Based Treatment (modest research support) Schema-Focused Therapy (modest research support) Transference-Focused Therapy [div12.org]

These results suggest that symptomatic improvement is both common and stable, even among the most disturbed borderline patients, and that the symptomatic prognosis for most, but not all, severely ill borderline patients is better than previously recognized [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

With the selected articles, the following conclusions were drawn up: 1) self harming behaviors are different to lethal suicide attempts in terms of prognosis and personality traits; 2) there are controversial results, probably explained by the fact that [elsevier.es]

Outlook (Prognosis) Outlook of treatment depends on how severe the condition is and whether the person is willing to accept help. With long-term talk therapy, the person often gradually improves. [mentalhealth.gov]

In addition, group therapy can help change self-destructive behaviors.In some cases, medications can help level mood swings and treat depression or other disorders that may occur with this condition.Expectations (prognosis)The outlook depends on how severe [youtube.com]

But new insights into the disorder, leading to new, more effective treatments, have made the prognosis for someone with BPD much more promising. [childmind.org]

The authors propose a fourth hypothesis focusing on the multiple etiologies of the signs and symptoms used to diagnose both affective and borderline disorders and suggesting that some patients in the resulting heterogeneous population have symptom clusters [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Trull TJ: Structural relations between borderline personality disorder features and putative etiological correlates. J Abnorm Psychol 2001, 110: 471–481. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 10. [doi.org]

"The available empirical evidence concerning the etiology of borderline personality disorder is reviewed. A tripartite model of the development of BPD is then presented. [web.archive.org]

The epidemiology of specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007; 37 :1–13. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 67. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Method: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 34,653 adults participating in the 2004-2005 Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. [doi.org]

The reconceptualization of the pathophysiology and development of BPD in the context of a rapidly changing health care environment warrants examination of relevant psychotherapeutic and treatment principles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Identification of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism is paramount to institute proper treatment. Pathophysiology Ptosis is the result of dysfunctioning of one or both upper eyelid elevator muscles. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Arch Gen Psychiatry 57(12):1115–1122 (pii:yoa9416) PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Duman RS (2002) Pathophysiology of depression: the concept of synaptic plasticity. [doi.org]

HYPE is a novel indicated prevention and early intervention service for BPD in youth (15 to 25 y of age). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Meanwhile, the cause of BPD remains under investigation, and there's no known way to prevent it. Possible causes include: Genetics. Some studies of twins and families suggest that personality disorders may be inherited. Environmental factors. [web.archive.org]