It is important to note that all data presented in the present study are based on PCR only, without culture. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  A38.0 Scarlet fever with otitis media A38.1 Scarlet fever with myocarditis A38.8 Scarlet fever with other complications Reimbursement claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015 require the use of ICD-10-CM codes. [icd10data.com]

  Fever abated within 24 hours of instituting levofloxacin, and he was weaned off oxygen within 72 hours. [journals.lww.com]

  Though efficacious and immunogenic, tolerability was limited by vaccine reactions, including local reactions, fever, and febrile seizures. [news.mayocliniclabs.com]

• Pediatric Disease

  […] as a separate disease entity from Bordetella pertussis. [idsa.confex.com]

  EPIDEMIOLOGY• Predominately a pediatric disease• Highest in the 1st year of life• Maternal antibodies are not protective.• Females suffers more than males.• World wide in distribution• Epidemics occurs periodically.• In early stage of infection droplets [de.slideshare.net]

• Fishing

  [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Sekura RD, Fish F, Manclark CR, Meade B, Zhang YL. Pertussis toxin. Affinity purification of a new ADP-ribosyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1983 Dec 10;258(23):14647–14651. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fatigue

  His symptoms had been slowly progressing over the preceding 6 months, with the additional development of fatigue and nonproductive cough 2–3 months before presentation, both of which had worsened in the past 2 weeks. [journals.lww.com]

• Pertussis

  Both are responsible for outbreaks of whooping cough in humans and produce similar virulence factors, with the exception of pertussis toxin, specific to B. pertussis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Acellular pertussis vaccines were introduced in the 1990s, gradually replacing whole-cell pertussis vaccines. [news.mayocliniclabs.com]

  […] vomiting, between patients with B pertussis and B parapertussis infections. [jamanetwork.com]

  These findings suggest B. parapertussis evolved in a host population that had already developed immunity to B. pertussis, where being able to evade B. pertussis immunity was an advantage.[3] Two lineages of B. parapertussis have been described. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Cough

  These conditions included croup, “chronic cough,” bronchitis, “post-viral cough,” “cough NOS,” and exacerbated asthma. In these cases, treatment included dexamethasone, amoxicillin, albuterol, and/or steroids. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Violent coughing fits, associated with the characteristic inspiratory “whoop,” may continue for weeks. In China, pertussis is referred to as the “100-day cough.” [news.mayocliniclabs.com]

  Of 564 subjects whose samples were tested by both culture and PCR, 198 (35.1%) had had paroxysmal cough for 7 days or less, and 366 (64.9%) had had paroxysmal cough for more than 7 days at the time of sampling. [jamanetwork.com]

• Persistent Cough

  Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a respiratory infection that causes a persistent cough in all age groups from the newborn to the elderly. [ibl-international.com]

  persistent cough Vomiting often follows a coughing spasm Infants may develop apnoea and/or cyanosis with coughing spasms Close contact with a case of Pertussis may raise suspicion Other family members frequently have a cough (>70% of household contacts [rch.org.au]

  […] with Tdap vaccine (CDC, 2015) Diagnosis Indications for Testing Patients with persistent cough, especially in the absence of fever, sore throat, hoarseness, tachypnea, or wheeze Posttussive emesis in setting of acute viral illness symptoms Laboratory [arupconsult.com]

• Flushing

  Flush a plastic catheter or tubing with 2-3 mL of saline. Insert the tubing into the nostril parallel to the palate. Aspirate nasopharyngeal secretions. Repeat this procedure for the other nostril. Combine aspirates into a sterile vial. [questdiagnostics.com]

Treatment Early treatment of pertussis is helpful, especially for infants. If patients are diagnosed late, antibiotics will not alter the course of the illness, and even without antibiotics, patients should no longer be infectious. [news.mayocliniclabs.com]

Prompt treatment might shorten illness duration, and prompt HHM prophylaxis might prevent secondary illnesses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The results of this prospective study suggest that Bordetella parapertussis is a more common etiologic agent of mild respiratory tract infection among vaccinated school-aged children than is generally recognised. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] diagnostic test for the detection of Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test Bordetella pertussis is the highly contagious etiological [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Specific diagnostic tools were applied for the first time in a Tunisian prospective study in order to get a first estimation of the prevalence of Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis infections and to evaluate their use to determine the epidemiologic characteristics [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Epidemiology Before the introduction of the vaccine (and currently in nonimmunized populations), pertussis (whooping cough) periodically became an epidemic disease that cycled approximately every 2 to 5 years. [clinicalgate.com]

Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful Preferred diagnostic test for the detection of Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Prompt treatment might shorten illness duration, and prompt HHM prophylaxis might prevent secondary illnesses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These results highlight the need for B. parapertussis opsonic antibodies to induce bacterial clearance and prevent the eventual establishment of cellular reservoirs of this pathogen. [ri.conicet.gov.ar]

The B. parapertussis O-antigen thus serves a dual role of preventing vaccine antibodies from controlling B. parapertussis infection and enabling increased intracellular survival of B. parapertussis in macrophages. [epidemics.psu.edu]