Symptoma

Botulinum Toxin

To our knowledge, this is the first case of EPT that presented with nasal clicks. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Periodontitis

    Esthetic periodontal considerations in orthodontic treatment—the management of excessive gingival display. J Can Dent Assoc 2003. 69: 368 – 372. [Google Scholar] 7. Landsberg, C. J. and O. Sarne. [doi.org]

  • Malocclusion

    Severe high Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and gummy smile: a case report. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999. 116: 317 – 320. [Google Scholar] 6. Foley, T. F., H. S. Sandhu, and C. Athanasopoulos. [doi.org]

  • Palmar Hyperhidrosis

    Treatment of idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin. Report of 23 cases and review of the literature. Dermatology. 2001; 203:318-21. 167. Naumann M, Flachenecker P, Brocker EB et al. Botulinum toxin for palmar hyperhidrosis. [drugs.com]

    Botox in primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Br J Dermatol 2003. 149: 1041 – 1045. [Google Scholar] 24. Hexsel, D., T. Dal'Forno, C. Hexsel, D. Z. Do Prado, and M. M. Lima. [doi.org]

  • Anhidrosis

    up to 19 months). 159 170 296 298 314 Anhidrosis generally occurs within 24 hours, reaches a peak at 1 week, and lasts 4–12 months; 143 157 296 duration of response appears to be dose related. 159 May repeat injections when the clinical effect of previous [drugs.com]

  • Diplopia

    Diplopia resolved completely in 14 patients, resolved incompletely with short-term single vision in 3 cases, and persisted in 5 patients despite correction of the deviation by BTXA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Lagophthalmos

    Kirkness, Botulinum toxin-A in the management of paralytic lagophthalmos, Orbit, 14, 4, (213), (1995). Daniel B. Drachman, Botulinum Toxin as a Tool for Research on the Nervous System, Neuropoisons, 10.1007/978-1-4684-2940-4_15, (325-347), (1971). [doi.org]

  • Scotoma

    Two months after the botulinum toxin A injection, the visual acuity had almost returned to baseline, with a remaining paracentral scotoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Sinus Headache

    David Stepnick, Botulinum Toxin for Migraine Headaches, Sinus Headache, Migraine, and the Otolaryngologist, 10.1007/978-3-319-50376-9_5, (65-89), (2017). [doi.org]

Abstract Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections into facial and bulbar muscles are widely and increasingly used as medical treatments for cervical and facial dystonia, facial hemispasm, correction of facial palsy, hyperhidrosis, as well as cosmetic treatment [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sustained TMJ dislocation is not amenable to manual reduction alone when the etiology is muscular in nature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Several etiologic factors have been proposed in the literature; these include skeletal, gingival, and muscular factors that may occur alone or in combination.1,2 Although vertical maxillary dental and/ or skeletal excess3–5 or gingival problems from delayed [doi.org]

Nocturnal Bruxism 1 2RecruitingTreatment Obstructed Defecation Syndrome (ODS) 1 2RecruitingTreatment Overactive Bladder With Urinary Incontinence / Urinary Incontinence (UI) 1 2RecruitingTreatment Painful Unilateral Femorotibial Knee Osteoarthritis of Any Etiology [drugbank.ca]

If requested by a state health agency, CDC will deploy response teams to investigate unexplained or suspicious illnesses or unusual etiologic agents and provide on-site consultation regarding medical management and disease control. [cdc.gov]

Effective response to a deliberate release of botulinum toxin will depend on timely clinical diagnosis, case reporting, and epidemiological investigation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

ZOONOSIS : No epidemiological relationship between human and animal botulism has been established Footnote 2. VECTORS : None. [phac-aspc.gc.ca]

Background: Pharmacological management of cervical dystonia (CD) is considered to be symptomatic in effect, rather than targeting the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology of migraine and tension-type headache. Curr Opin Neurol 1994 ; 7: 272 – 7. Google Scholar Medline 9.. Biary, N, Koller, W, Langenberg, P. Correlation between essential tremor and migraine headache. [doi.org]

Jia-Fong Jhang and Hann-Chorng Kuo, Botulinum Toxin A and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Action, Toxins, 10.3390/toxins8040120, 8, 4, (120), (2016). [dx.doi.org]

We now know that peripherally delivered BoNTs are taken up in sensory afferents and transported to cleave SNARE proteins in the ganglion and TNC, prevent evoked afferent release and downstream activation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Silberstein SD, Goadsby PJ: Migraine: preventive treatment. Cephalalgia 2002, 22 :491–512. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 6. [doi.org]

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