April 05, 2016 ; 86 (16 Supplement) April 16, 2016 First published April 8, 2015, Abstract Objective: We present a case of Superior Colliculi hemorrhage that was incidentally discover on head CT scan with the only presenting symptom of left hemi-body [neurology.org]

A 38-year-old hypertensive woman presented with acute onset of cranial nerve and long tract signs referable to a lesion in the right dorsolateral pons. A hemorrhage in the suspected area was demonstrated by CT. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Historical note and terminology Brainstem hemorrhage was first described by Cheyne in 1812 ( Cheyne 1812 ) in a pathological study of patients presenting with lethargy and coma. [medlink.com]

• Pain

  I thought that I had gone through all this pain to die and was frustrated to still be alive, to feel the throbbing once more. Along with the pain from the bleed and the surgery I was in a state of total discomfort and confusion. [bafound.org]

  If a patient is awake, pain medication may be needed. What is the prognosis after a brain hemorrhage? Is recovery possible? Many patients who have experienced a brain hemorrhage do survive. [medicinenet.com]

  Main symptoms are ipsilateral cerebellar ataxias (middle and/or superior cerebellar peduncles), nausea and vomiting, slurred (pseudobulbar) speech, loss of pain and temperature over the opposite side of the body. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

• Periodic Breathing

  Nocturnal periodic breathing at altitude of 6.300 and 8.050 m. J Appl Physiol, 61 (1986), pp. 280-287 Copyright © 1999. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica [archbronconeumol.org]

• Thrombosis

  […] include: Rupture of an aneurysm - when a blood vessel balloons out and bursts Cerebral amyloid angiopathy - accumulation of amyloid protein in the artery walls Thrombolysis Anticoagulant therapy Bleeding diathesis Hemorrhagic necrosis Cerebral venous thrombosis [news-medical.net]

  Another unlikely but posible cause of remote site hemorrhagic infarction could be a phenomenon simulating deep venous thrombosis. [neurologyindia.com]

  Basilar Artery Thrombosis and stenosis: As the basilar artery supplies most of the brainstem, occlusion is commonly catastrophic resulting in quadriplegia. Death from respiratory failure is common. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

  A very small proportion is due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. [en.wikipedia.org]

  A large number of other conditions may be associated with bleeding into the brain, including abnormalities of blood vessels ( aneurysm or vascular malformations ), clotting of draining veins ( cerebral venous sinus thrombosis ) and hemorrhage into tumors [minneapolisclinic.com]

• Ulcer

  […] with hemorrhage ( K26.0 ) acute gastritis with bleeding ( K29.01 ) ulcerative enterocolitis with rectal bleeding ( K51.01 ) brainstem (nontraumatic) I61.3 intracranial (nontraumatic) I62.9 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code I62.9 Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage [icd10data.com]

  […] spontaneous intracerebral bleeding on antiplatelet medication. [23] Fosphenytoin or other anticonvulsant is given in case of seizures or lobar hemorrhage. [17] H2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors are commonly given for to try to prevent stress ulcers [en.wikipedia.org]

• Miosis

  The fulminating malignant course is characterised by rapid onset of coma, miosis, tetraplegia and respiratory disturbances. Three quarters of all patients die within 24 hours ( 8, 13, 25 ). [link.springer.com]

He recovered after conservative treatment. Asymmetrical and rapid decompression, which leads to vascular disruption and/or sudden increase in cerebral blood flow, was probably responsible for the secondary brain stem hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Recognizing the signs of stroke quickly is critical because the treatments are time sensitive. [massgeneral.org]

Ongoing treatment will depend on the type of stroke experienced. [guidedoc.com]

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe 2 new cases of brain stem cavernomas and to analyze the rol of surgery in their treatment. [pesquisa.bvsalud.org]

CT indicates a more favorable prognosis for brain stem hemorrhage than has been previously suspected. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis for Stroke Patients The prognosis for stroke patients varies dramatically between individuals. The most important factor in a patient’s brain stem stroke prognosis is time. [guidedoc.com]

Brain stem injuries had a poorer prognosis than corpus callosum lesions, and these, in turn, had a worse prognosis than subcortical lesions. [ajnr.org]

• MRI may provide further detail and aid prognosis. • Surgery is reserved for select cases in which specific expertise is available. [medlink.com]

Treatment and prognosis Pontine hemorrhages have a poor prognosis, with large bleeds being almost universally fatal. Open surgical evacuation of the clot is usually not performed, although stereotactic clot aspiration has been advocated by some 5. [radiopaedia.org]

MRI is frequently needed to make a specific diagnosis and to separate vascular etiologies from tumor and other structural injuries. The pattern of sensory disturbance may be helpful. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

"Comparison of CTA to DSA in determining the etiology of spontaneous ICH". Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 36 (2): 176–180. doi : 10.1017/s0317167100006533. ^ Greenberg, Mark S. (2016). Handbook of Neurosurgery. [en.wikipedia.org]

There is racial variation in the incidence of bleeding into the brain substance; Asians, Latin American, Mexican American, Native American and African American patients have a greater risk according to epidemiological data. [minneapolisclinic.com]

Epidemiology ICH causes 8-13% of all strokes. Roughly 20,000 people die of ICH each year in the U.S. [news-medical.net]

Appel LJ, Braun LT, Chaturvedi S, Creager MA, Culebras A, Eckel RH, Hart RG, Hinchey JA, Howard VJ, Jauch EC, Levine SR, Meschia JF, Moore WS, Nixon JV, Pearson TA; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Epidemiology [passeportsante.net]

A maximal score (score = 100) indicates full independence for all items, whereas a minimal score (score = 0) indicates that the patient is fully dependent for all items. 21 Statistical Analysis A descriptive analysis of the epidemiologic characteristics [ajnr.org]

[…] by 30 days after the insult, [7] and half of the deaths occur in the first 2 days. [29] Even though the majority of deaths occurs in the first days after ICH, survivors have a long term excess mortality of 27% compared to the general population. [30] Epidemiology [en.wikipedia.org]

* A comprehensive source that thoroughly examines the neurological manifestations of stroke * A guide to highly studied topics, including stroke complications, syndromes, and stroke related psychiatric disorders * A better understanding of the pathophysiological [books.google.com]

Central sleep apnoea in Arnold-Chiari malformation: evidente of pathophysiological heterogeneity. Eur Respir J, 12 (1998), pp. 1.482-1.485 [12.] M. Gunel, I.A. Awad, K. Finberg, H.H. Batjer, T.A. Kopitnik, L. Morison, et al. [archbronconeumol.org]

In Barnet HJM (and others, Eds), Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. New York: Chrchill-Livingstone, pp 549-619, 1986 Dai, A. I. and M. Wasay (2006). "Wernekink comissure syndrome: a rare midbrain syndrome secondary to stroke." [dizziness-and-balance.com]

Therefore, simultaneous and bilateral decompression with a slow rate of evacuation of massive bilateral chronic subdural hematomas is recommended to prevent serious complications such as secondary intracranial hematoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Proper care or preventing these issues can greatly lower your risk of stroke. [winchesterhospital.org]

[…] manifestations of stroke * A guide to highly studied topics, including stroke complications, syndromes, and stroke related psychiatric disorders * A better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of strokes that will help practitioners better diagnose, prevent [books.google.com]

Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. [passeportsante.net]