Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) associated with ocular tuberculosis (TB) is a rare presentation of retinal vasculitis but it can also present in the absence of active uveitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Insect Bite

  Case report of a 60-year-old woman who complained of fever, chills, headache, lymphadenopathy, and blurred vision in the right eye following an insect bite to the lower right forehead. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Blurred Vision

  Case report of a 60-year-old woman who complained of fever, chills, headache, lymphadenopathy, and blurred vision in the right eye following an insect bite to the lower right forehead. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Description: A picture of three older adults which goes blurry as the script mentions blurred vision. [noweyeknow.ca]

  Patients typically complain of a sudden onset of blurred vision or defect in their central field of vision. [ellsretina.com]

  BRVO causes a painless decrease in vision, resulting in misty or distorted vision. If the veins cover a large area, new abnormal vessels may grow on the retinal surface, which can bleed into the eye and cause blurred vision. [bostonlaser.com]

  The leakage of fluid and bleeding causes the macula to swell leading to blurred vision and parts of vision missing. [gladesvilleeye.com.au]

• Retinal Pigmentation

  The pigmented intraretinal lesion proved to be a localized area of retinal and choroidal neovascularization with anastomosis and secondary retinal pigment epithelial hyperplasia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The total retinal thickness was defined as the distance between the vitreoretinal interface and the inner surface of the retinal pigment epithelium. [journals.plos.org]

  Normally laser light is absorbed by the pigment of the retinal pigmented epithelium and converted to heat resulting in damage to photoreceptors with sparing of the overlying retina. [touchophthalmology.com]

• Retinal Cyst

  […] of inner retinal cyst. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Night Blindness

  The normal complement of rod and cone photoreceptors supports the view that the night blindness in this case was an abnormality in the neural transmission and not on a morphological basis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Lipemia Retinalis

  To report a patient with a branch retinal vein occlusion associated with lipemia retinalis. Observational case report. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This patient did not have a thrombophilia workup. When ordering medical tests, consider how the result will alter treatment. RVO has only two treatment options when the thrombophilia workup is positive. [retina-specialist.com]

Argon laser treatment may improve visual acuity in I-BRVO even with severe ischaemia extending into the FAZ. Treatment intensity must be sufficient to destroy ischaemic retina. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PPV may improve perifoveal microcirculation and the visual prognosis in BRVO patients with macular edema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis While a branch retinal vein occlusion may look to an eyecare practitioner to be much more serious than a branch retinal artery occlusion, the visual outlook is usually much better in the former. [waterdownoptometric.ca]

We reviewed cases in literature and combined possible etiologies. We report a previously unpublished case of retinal artery occlusion following the use of intravitreal bevacizumab. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology is caused from increased intracranial pressure rather from a vascular etiology Radiation Retinopathy There is a history of radiation therapy. Patients will have disc swelling and retinal neovascularization, and cotton wool spots. [decisionmakerplus.net]

Contents• BRVO – Demographics – Pathogenesis – Etiology – Management • Hx, examination, investigation • Treatment – Trials – Guidelines• HRVO• Summary / Take Home Message• MCQs Page 2 Retinal Vein Occlusion Mar 16, 2013 3. [slideshare.net]

(Etiology) Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) occurs when a blood clot blocks the retinal vein. Its exact cause is unknown. [dovemed.com]

The entity rarely occurs idiopathically, rather it is frequently associated with systemic coagulopathy, hyperviscosity, infection, inflammation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, antiphospholipid antibody syndromes, cardiac and carotid etiologies [reviewofoptometry.com]

Epidemiology [ edit ] BRVO is 4 times more common than CRVO. Usual age of onset is 60–70 years. [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiologic studies have found that uric acid can independently predict the development of hypertension, as well as stroke and heart failure [ 5 ]. [omicsonline.org]

Meta‐analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta‐analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000 ; 283:2008–2012. Crossref Medline Google Scholar 18 Stang A. [jaha.ahajournals.org]

Epidemiology This is a common condition with a reported incidence of 7 per 1,000 at 49-60 years and 46 per 1,000 at 80 years. There is an equal sex distribution. [patient.info]

The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2000. 98:133-41; discussion 141-3. [Medline]. Christoffersen N, Gade E, Knudsen L, Juel K, Larsen M. [emedicine.medscape.com]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY In the early stage of RVO there are changes in blood flow and in the dynamics of circulation. [retinatoday.com]

[…] issue), Wong and Scott did not discuss the potential role of anticoagulants, particularly low-molecular-weight heparins, in the treatment of retinal-vein occlusion, a common condition for which there is no universally accepted therapy. 1 Although the pathophysiology [nejm.org]

Factors contributing to this pathophysiology include: Advancing age. Systemic conditions such as hypertension (found in 64% of patients with RVO ), hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, smoking and obesity. Raised intraocular pressure. [patient.info]

"Retinal vein occlusion: pathophysiology and treatment options". Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.). 4 : 809–16. doi : 10.2147/opth.s7631. PMC 2915868. PMID 20689798. ^ Rogers, S; et al. (Feb 2010). [en.wikipedia.org]

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO), the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy, affects more than 16 million people worldwide. 1 While the pathophysiology of RVO is not completely understood, the concept of venous thrombosis [retina-specialist.com]

This prevents the veins from carrying blood away from the retina. [calgaryretina.ca]

Several treatments are available to deal with the macular oedema and prevent neovascularisation (new blood vessels forming). [gladesvilleeye.com.au]

Alternative therapy to suppress microaneurysms should be considered to prevent refractory ME in patients with BRVO. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]