The score differences between those who presented with poor latch and those who presented with nipple pain are not statistically significant. [pediatrics.org]

In addition to the present case, there are 2 well-documented case reports of cholestasis in association with transplacental and transmammary carbamazepine exposure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• HELLP Syndrome

  The case of a premature intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) infant, born from caesarean section to a mother with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, and admitted to NICU for low birth weight is reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Macroglossia

  Macroglossia and ankyloglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988 ; 65 : 29 – 31 Suri M, Kabra M, Verma IC. Blepharophimosis, telecanthus, microstomia, and unusual ear anomaly (Simosa syndrome) in an infant. [pediatrics.org]

• Microstomia

  Blepharophimosis, telecanthus, microstomia, and unusual ear anomaly (Simosa syndrome) in an infant. Am J Med Genet. 1994 ; 51 : 222 – 223 Gorski SM, Adams KJ, Birch PH, Friedman JM, Goodfellow PJ. [pediatrics.org]

• Gingival Recession

  Ewart 16 reported an adult male with tongue-tie, gingival recession, and a speech impediment requiring surgery. [pediatrics.org]

• Low Self-Esteem

  Studies of the psychological status of women seeking cosmetic intervention have focused on body image dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and mental health conditions [ 31 – 34 ]. [doi.org]

• Breast Engorgement

  For more information, see the topic Breast Engorgement. [web.archive.org]

  Sometimes the breasts engorge if the baby misses a feeding, when the baby starts to sleep through the night, or when mom starts to wean the baby. [massagetoday.com]

  Breast engorgement. Breast fullness is natural and healthy. It happens as your breasts become full of milk, staying soft and pliable. But breast engorgement means the blood vessels in your breast have become congested. [webmd.com]

  These include things like mastitis, breast engorgement, plugged milk ducts, and sore nipples. [verywell.com]

  Barriers Many previously reported physical effects were described as barriers, including the following: problems with technique or latching on, pain, nipple leakage, breast engorgement and disfigurement, complications at birth, and delayed milk supply [doi.org]

• Nipple Discharge

  Other early symptoms may include: nipple discharge breast pain that doesn’t go away change in size, shape, or look of the breast redness or darkening of the breast itchy or sore rash on the nipple swelling or warmth of the breast Breast cancer in lactating [healthline.com]

[…] with the standard of care for nipple fissure treatment during breastfeeding. [doi.org]

The development of imatinib as a therapeutic agent targeting BCR-ABL has increased the treatment options for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by significantly impacting outcomes, and imatinib is recommended by treatment guidelines as the first-line therapy [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Mortality has not been reported. Morbidity is limited to mild cosmetic changes. [emedicine.com]

The authors studied the relationship of breast-feeding on malocclusions in young children by means of conducting a systematic review of association (etiology). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiology of childhood leukemia is an important epidemiological and public health question. [doi.org]

Although epidemiological studies do not show a high level of unexplained HIV infection in infants whose mothers are HIV-negative, this does not prove that shared breastfeeding is unimportant. [aidsmap.com]

Centre for Epidemiology at the National Board of Health and Welfare, Official Statistics of Sweden. Amning och föräldrars rökvanor – Barn födda 2009. Centre for Epidemiology at the National Board of Health and Welfare, Official Statistics of Sweden. [kellymom.com]

Recent epidemiological and biological findings from during the past decade expand on the known benefits of breastfeeding for women and children, whether they are rich or poor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although the pathophysiology is unclear, it may involve the decrease in progesterone and rise of prolactin causing mast cell degranulation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pathophysiology of this clinical phenotype is poorly understood, but it is a cause of increasing interest in gluten-free diets in the general population. [dx.doi.org]

Understanding the pathophysiology of telogen effluvium requires knowledge of the hair growth cycle. All hair has a growth phase, termed anagen, and a resting phase, telogen. [emedicine.com]

Alternatively, there could be a component of the pathways that initiate and support the return of menses postpartum that are also implicated in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. [bmj.com]

There is also little evidence that delaying the timing of the introduction of complementary foods beyond 4 to 6 months of age prevents the occurrence of atopic disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

To date, the use of amino acid–based formulas for atopy prevention has not been studied. There is no convincing evidence for the use of soy-based infant formula for the purpose of allergy prevention. [doi.org]

Article Navigation 1 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Reprints or correspondence: Dr. [jid.oxfordjournals.org]