Progressive hepatic and renal dysfunction along with respiratory decompensation ensued, and the patient died 48 days after initial presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These results suggest that Bromfenac 0.09% can improve safely the presentation of clinical signs on ocular inflammation. This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019. [iovs.arvojournals.org]

• Jaundice

  These data suggest that while ALT elevations alone do not reliably signal serious hepatotoxicity, elevated transaminases in association with symptomatic hepatitis or jaundice may be predictors of an increased risk of ALF. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Although formally approved by the FDA, chronic use of bromfenac has been shown to cause severe hepatic reactions, including jaundice, potentially fatal fulminant hepatitis and liver failure, with some cases requiring transplantation. [bandolier.org.uk]

• Visual Impairment

  Buch, H, Vinding, T, Nielsen, NV ( 2001 ) Prevalence and causes of visual impairment according to World Health Organization and United States criteria in an aged, urban Scandinavian population: The Copenhagen City Eye Study. [journals.sagepub.com]

  Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(4):477–485. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Monnet D, Tépenier L, Brézin AP. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(4):477–485. 5. Monnet D, Tépenier L, Brézin AP. [dovepress.com]

• Macula Edema

  According to Lindstrom et al. [ 6 ], nepafenac’sability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis plays a role in suppressing inflammation and cystoid macula edema following cataract surgery. [omicsonline.org]

• Osteoporosis

  Biphosphonates in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis – optimizing efficacy in clinical practice. Clin Interventions Aging. 2008;3(2):279–297. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Withdrawn

  The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that XIBROM (bromfenac ophthalmic solution) 0.09% was not withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness. [federalregister.gov]

  More Information on bromfenac (Duract) Letter in JAMA Responding to Article on the Safety of Withdrawn Drugs, December 2, 1999 Statement on FDA Article in JAMA Regarding Recently Withdrawn Drugs, May 12, 1999 [citizen.org]

  Bromfenac sodium (Duract) is a phenylacetic acid-derived nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent introduced in the United States in 1997 and withdrawn in 1998. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  USA June 1998 Wyeth Ayerst Laboratories have voluntarily withdrawn from the market capsules of bromfenac sodium, a nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory analgesic indicated for the short-term management of acute pain. [apps.who.int]

• Confusion

  To remove any confusion with respect to post-operative topical medications, all patients in the study were “first time” cataract extraction patient. [omicsonline.org]

  It is secreted from the ciliary body, a structure supporting the lens of the eyeball.[1] It fills both the anterior and the posterior chambers of the eye, and is not to be confused with the vitreous humour, which is located in the space between the lens [en.wikipedia.org]

After cataract surgery, patients were randomized to treatment with bromfenac, betamethasone or both agents. Twenty-five eyes were assigned to bromfenac, 23 to betamethasone and 24 to the combined treatment group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

No clinically significant treatment-related systemic adverse effects or changes in liver chemistries were observed. [dx.doi.org]

CONCLUSIONS: Although topical bromfenac during IVB therapy in eyes with ME secondary to BRVO did not affect the visual prognosis, it had the advantage of reducing the number of injections. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN 14929. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Toshikatsu Kaburaki 1）, Ayako Karakawa 1）, Kazuki Taoka 2）, Hiroshi Murata 1）, Muneyuki Takao 1）, Fumiyuki Araki 1）, Hidetoshi Kawashima 3）, Makoto Aihara 1） 1） Tokyo Univ, 2） Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo Univ, 3） Jichi Med Univ DPS2-2　Long-term prognosis [convention.jtbcom.co.jp]

However, it is very difficult to predict the prognosis of CSC, and in some cases, progressive visual loss may be seen.4,5 Although the exact pathophysiology of CSC has not been clearly elucidated, the primary abnormality leading to RPE disruption and [medcraveonline.com]

Bromfenac eye drops have been used as an acute postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment20, and our results suggest that they could also be effective against MCP-1-induced chronic inflammation by reducing the MCP-1 level, which might improve the prognosis [nature.com]

We conclude that prolonged use of bromfenac was the etiological agent in this case, and that this drug can cause severe hepatotoxicity resulting in liver failure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sep 17445902 Re: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nepafenac, amfenac, ketorolac, and bromfenac. 2008 Aug 18655957 Ocular pharmacokinetics of a single dose of bromfenac sodium ophthalmic solution 0.1% in human aqueous humor. 2008 Dec 19049295 Etiology [drugs.ncats.io]

The etiology of CMO is known to depend on upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the aqueous and vitreous humor following surgical procedure. [heraldopenaccess.us]

Keywords: clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: treatment/prevention assessment/controlled clinical trials • macula/fovea • treatment outcomes of cataract surgery © 2006, The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc., all rights [iovs.arvojournals.org]

Foster CS: The pathophysiology of ocular allergy: current thinking. Allergy 1995;50 (suppl 21):6–9. Uchio E, Miyakawa K, Ikezawa Z, Ohno S: Systemic and local immunological features of atopic dermatitis patients with ocular complications. [dx.doi.org]

Although the exact pathophysiology of CSC has not been clearly elucidated, the primary abnormality leading to RPE disruption and leakage is thought to cause increase choroidal permeability. [medcraveonline.com]

The pathophysiologic role of cyclo-oxygenases in the eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008;24(2):141–151) Google Scholar 17. Ruiz J, López M, Milà J et al (1993) QSAR and conformational analysis of the anti-inflammatory agent amfenac and analogues. [link.springer.com]

Overall, published data suggest that bromfenac is safe and effective when used to prevent or treat CME. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Eissa and Amr El-Kannishy, Topical NSAIDs in Prevention of Postcataract Macular Edema, Frontiers in Ophthalmology and Ocular Imaging [Working Title], 10.5772/intechopen.82321, (2019). [dx.doi.org]