Presentation
The presentation of methyl bromide chemical burns is unusual. Patients with an acute exposure should be observed closely as the initial presentation can appear deceptively benign. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
- Fatigue
Standardized health questionnaires were administered to 16 of the 20 persons for whom contact information was available; six of 16 had symptoms consistent with methyl bromide exposure, including headache and fatigue. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The earliest manifestations of bromide intoxication are sleepiness and fatigue; and as blood-concentrations increase appetite is lost, weight decreases and a characteristic mental dullness appears. [inhn.org]
Drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, acne, skin rash, blurred vision, dizziness, mania, hallucinations, increased thirst, hunger and urination, pancreatitis, muscle weakness, hypothyroidism, poor memory, psychosis, coma, possible attention deficit hyperactivity [iodinehealth.wordpress.com]
Figures and Tables - Analysis 4.12 Comparison 4 Adverse events, Outcome 12 Fatigue. Figures and Tables - Analysis 4.13 Comparison 4 Adverse events, Outcome 13 Dizziness. [cochranelibrary.com]
- Fever
The patient developed refractory seizures, intermittent fever, and multiorgan system failure before dying 19 days after exposure. The initial serum bromide was 27 mg/dL. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Risk factors for asthma are obesity, exposure to cigarette smoke (even secondhand smoke), and personal history of hay fever. There is no cure for either disease, but symptoms can be managed with medication. [medicinenet.com]
This is part of a systemic illness, initially with fever and diarrhoea, but with continued halogen exposure abdominal and muscle pain develop, as well as worsening of the initial symptoms. [dermnetnz.org]
- Swelling
DDAB induced significant irritancy (0.0625-2%), evaluated by ear swelling in female BALB/c mice. Initial evaluation of the sensitization potential was conducted using the local lymph node assay (LLNA) at concentrations ranging from 0.0625% to 2%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Signs of a serious allergic reaction to Spiriva include hives, itching, rash, swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing. [medicinenet.com]
Swelling of the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular) has been reported following iodine-containing contrast medium and has been called ‘iodine mumps’. Rarely there may also be systemic symptoms and signs of halogen toxicity. [dermnetnz.org]
However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing. [webmd.com]
- Pallor
Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes), pallor, ventricular fibrillation, and circulatory collapse may also occur. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
- Congestive Heart Failure
Causes of chronic bronchitis include cigarette smoking, inhaled irritants, and underlying disease processes (such as asthma, or congestive heart failure). Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. [medicinenet.com]
Respiratoric
- Tachypnea
Respiratory effects include cough, tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate), pulmonary edema, and respiratory collapse. Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes), pallor, ventricular fibrillation, and circulatory collapse may also occur. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
This report supports the growing recognition of 1-bromopropane neurotoxicity in humans consisting most commonly of headache, nausea, and subacute spastic paraparesis with distal sensory loss. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Signs of a poisoning include the following: redness and pain of the skin blisters burning of the eyes, mouth and nose nausea, vomiting and diarrhea kidney problems cough chest tightness fluid in the lungs dizziness headache confusion lack of energy seizures [idph.state.il.us]
Ingestion : May cause abdominal distress, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. Skin : May cause redness, burning, itching, bluish-grey skin and rashes that resemble acne and furunculosis. Eye : May cause redness, burning, itching and watering. [espimetals.com]
- Abdominal Pain
The successful rate of colonoscopy, procedure time, degree of abdominal pain, and polyp detection rate were recorded and compared among all groups. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and anorexia. Oliguria (scanty urination), anuria (lack of urine formation), kidney hemorrhage, and kidney failure may occur. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Cardiovascular
- Hypertension
The patient had pre-existing hypertension, a major depressive disorder and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. He had been taking nebivolol and pantoprazole for several years and mirtazapine for the last 1 year. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Angiogenesis Invasion and Metastasis Request copy Download PDF View all Product Guides & Listings Cardiovascular Research Product Guide A collection of over 250 products for cardiovascular research, the guide includes research tools for the study of: Hypertension [tocris.com]
Figures and Tables - Analysis 4.9 Comparison 4 Adverse events, Outcome 9 Hypertension. Figures and Tables - Analysis 4.10 Comparison 4 Adverse events, Outcome 10 Respiratory tract infections. [cochranelibrary.com]
Eyes
- Blurred Vision
Symptoms of acute narrow-angle glaucoma may include: eye pain blurred vision seeing halos (visual halos) or colored images along with red eyes Using only eye drops to treat these symptoms may not work. [medicinenet.com]
This drug may make you dizzy or blur your vision or cause vision changes. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness or clear vision until you can do it safely. [webmd.com]
Drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, acne, skin rash, blurred vision, dizziness, mania, hallucinations, increased thirst, hunger and urination, pancreatitis, muscle weakness, hypothyroidism, poor memory, psychosis, coma, possible attention deficit hyperactivity [iodinehealth.wordpress.com]
Musculoskeletal
- Muscle Weakness
Drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, acne, skin rash, blurred vision, dizziness, mania, hallucinations, increased thirst, hunger and urination, pancreatitis, muscle weakness, hypothyroidism, poor memory, psychosis, coma, possible attention deficit hyperactivity [iodinehealth.wordpress.com]
Bromism includes muscle weakness, personality changes, abnormal walking gait and fits. [dermnetnz.org]
- Osteoporosis
"Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 7. Fluoride therapy for osteoporosis". CMAJ. 155 (7): 949–54. PMC 1335460. [en.wikipedia.org]
Skin
- Acneiform Eruption
Her physical examination showed an acneiform eruption on the face. Blood biochemistry showed a high chloride level and a negative anion gap. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Skin Disease
Oral iodine is used in the treatment of some thyroid diseases, and potassium iodide for the skin diseases erythema nodosum and sporotrichosis. It is found in some expectorants, multivitamins and tonics. [dermnetnz.org]
Neurologic
- Irritability
The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the irritancy and sensitization potential of DDAB following dermal application in a murine model. DDAB induced significant irritancy (0.0625-2%), evaluated by ear swelling in female BALB/c mice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 GHS07 Skin Irrit. 2 H315 Causes skin irritation. Eye Irrit. 2A H319 Causes serious eye irritation. [americanelements.com]
If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice or attention. P405 :Store locked up. P501 :Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local, regional, national regulations (e.g. [tcichemicals.com]
Ingestion : May cause gastrointestinal disturbances, irritability, confusion, tremors, memory loss, slurred speech, anorexia and diarrhea. Skin : May cause irritation, skin lesions, acne-form eruptions and measle like eruptions. [espimetals.com]
- Headache
This report supports the growing recognition of 1-bromopropane neurotoxicity in humans consisting most commonly of headache, nausea, and subacute spastic paraparesis with distal sensory loss. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Confusion
We report on a patient with bromide intoxication, presenting with confusion, disorientation, and auditory and visual hallucinations after taking a sedative medication containing bromide (mixture menopause; 15 ml containing 1 g potassium bromide) for 1 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Signs of a poisoning include the following: redness and pain of the skin blisters burning of the eyes, mouth and nose nausea, vomiting and diarrhea kidney problems cough chest tightness fluid in the lungs dizziness headache confusion lack of energy seizures [idph.state.il.us]
Ingestion : May cause gastrointestinal disturbances, irritability, confusion, tremors, memory loss, slurred speech, anorexia and diarrhea. Skin : May cause irritation, skin lesions, acne-form eruptions and measle like eruptions. [espimetals.com]
Lethargy, profound weakness, headache, dizziness, mental confusion, slurring of speech, staggering gait, and blurred or double vision are often found. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and anorexia. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
- Tremor
Tremor, convulsion, unconsciousness and permanent brain damage may occur in severe poisoning. Chronic exposure can cause neuropathy, pyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction, as well as neuropsychiatric disturbances. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Ingestion : May cause gastrointestinal disturbances, irritability, confusion, tremors, memory loss, slurred speech, anorexia and diarrhea. Skin : May cause irritation, skin lesions, acne-form eruptions and measle like eruptions. [espimetals.com]
[…] monoatomic bromine (CHEBI:15858 ) an anion (BR- ) OntologyPhysiological effect Health effect: Health condition: Cerebral edema Dizziness Coma Cachexia Psychiatric disorders: Hallucinations Gastrointestinal disorders: Vomiting Nausea Nervous system disorders: Tremor [hmdb.ca]
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Methyl Bromide Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to methyl bromide may be severe and include tremors, convulsions, brain hemorrhage, paralysis, coma, and permanent brain damage. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
- Insomnia
All too often the dosage of bromide is increased by the physician in order to combat the early signs of bromide intoxication, insomnia, restlessness, "dizziness," weakness and particularly headache, when the safer course would be to discontinue the [jamanetwork.com]
[…] purely medicinal agents, bromide of potassium occupies the first place, and can almost always be used with advantage to diminish the amount of blood in the brain and to allay any excitement of the nervous system that may be present in the sthenic form of insomnia [books.google.com]
Benzodiazepines for Bipolar Disorder Benzodiazepines are not a "core" treatment for mania, but they can rapidly help control certain symptoms -- such as restlessness, agitation, or insomnia -- until mood-stabilizing drugs can take effect. [webmd.com]
Treatment
[…] irradiation treatment on survival of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes on these fruit. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of ventilator mask atomization inhalation of ipratropium bromide and budesonide suspension liquid in the treatment of acute exacerbation COPD (AECOPD) on circulating levels of inflammatory factors and prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
A person with asthma has a better prognosis and life expectancy than someone with COPD. [medicinenet.com]
Etiology
[…] malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy is a rare epileptic syndrome with a devastating course characterized by early onset of continuous pharmacoresistent multifocal seizures arising from multiple independent sites of both hemispheres with unknown etiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
As this includes several conditions, the etiology, symptoms, and treatments are diverse. 15 Ipratropium has also been studied to be used for the treatment of sialorrhea. 2 Sialorrhea is a common symptom that accompanies different neurologic conditions [drugbank.ca]
Pathophysiology
This article reviews the toxic effects of this gas, the pathophysiology and symptoms of its effects on the nervous system, and characteristic findings on MRI; and presents an illustrative case of methyl bromide intoxication due to exposure at a factory [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
A case of preventable fatality and a nearly greater disaster as a result of methyl bromide fumigation of a restaurant is presented. Methyl bromide is a nearly odorless, volatile hydrocarbon used as a fumigant in the food industry. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]