Pulmonary schwannomas are exceedingly rare and can present a diagnostic challenge. We present a case of an endobronchial schwannoma presenting with bronchial obstruction and review the literature of this unusual entity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pain

  It can create excessive tearing, conjunctivitis, uncontrolled blinking (blepharospasm) and a sensation of burning and pain at initial exposure. Pulmonary edema (ARDS) and/or diffuse airway lesions on human would be lethal after CS inhalation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  It is reasonable to expect cervical bone remodeling and muscle pain to occur over time. [massagetoday.com]

  Management Frontiers in Medicine Epidemics Zika Virus Ebola Virus View all topics Health Policy Epidemics Pain Management Ebola Virus Multimedia Multimedia Selected Multimedia View all multimedia Audio Clinical Practice Audio Interviews Interactive Medical [nejm.org]

  A surgeon was speedily obtained, who, having dressed the wounds, turned himself to the mother, whom he found seated, moaning, and complaining of pain in her hand. ‏ [books.google.com]

  The patient did not respond to treatment; on the contrary, 3 to 4 days after admission, he presented with pain and diffused abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting. [archbronconeumol.org]

• Chills

  He denies hemoptysis, fevers, chills, or night sweats. There is no history of lung cancer in his parents or siblings. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  Administering Oxygen therapy • Oxygen therapy - humidified • Younger children are usually advised to keep in mist tent • Bed lines and dressing may required to be changed frequently, as the cool mist may gets saturated quickly and chills the child • Older [slideshare.net]

• Cough

  The cough in acute bronchitis may produce either clear or purulent sputum. While this cough generally lasts seven to 10 days, it can persist. [aafp.org]

  A 7-year-old boy presented with an 18-month history of persistent nonproductive cough, preceded by a choking spell while eating pistachio nuts. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Management • If coughing effectively, just encourage the child to cough, and monitor continuously. • If coughing is, or is becoming, ineffective, shout for help and assess the child's conscious level. • If the child is conscious, give up to five back [slideshare.net]

  Further necrotic-appearing material may be coughed out 24 to 48 hours later. The procedure can be repeated if necessary. [nice.org.uk]

• Pneumonia

  We recently reported that post primary tuberculosis begins in immunocompetent adults as an endogenous lipid pneumonia that abruptly undergoes necrosis to produce cavities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  LIPECS | ID: lil-503021 Biblioteca responsável: PE1.1 RESUMEN ABSTRACT ABSTRACT We report a pediatric case associated with recurrent pneumonia, respiratory symptoms with feeding, recurrent wheezing and failure to thrive. [pesquisa.bvsalud.org]

  Lipoid (mineral oil) pneumonia and cor pulmonale due to cardiospasm. Report of a case. AJR 1956;76:108–114. Google Scholar 91. Casey JF. Chronic cor pulmonale associated with lipoid pneumonia. JAMA 1961;177:896–898. [link.springer.com]

• Dyspnea

  We observed clinical improvement in terms of reduced dyspnea or controlled haemoptysis in 93% of our patients. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease characterized by episodic bronchial obstruction and ventilatory insufficiency and is manifested clinically by wheezing respirations, dyspnea, cough, and mucoid sputum production. [annals.org]

  Clinical Observation A 55-year-old male farm worker with a 2-year history of illness characterized by cough, dyspnea, and wheezing was treated in our hospital. [archbronconeumol.org]

  For example, when exertional dyspnea occurs, the airway diameter is likely to be reduced to about 8mm. Dyspnea at rest develops when the airway diameter reaches 5mm. [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Hemoptysis

  A 36-year-old woman presented to our hospital due to an episode of massive hemoptysis 5 days prior to admission. She had experienced another episode of hemoptysis 4 years before, for which a chest x-ray had shown no pathological findings. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Complications were as follows; fever(28%) and mild hemoptysis(16%). Conclusion: Laser photoablation is an effective therapeutic modality for the palliation of bronchial obstruction caused by advanced lung cancer. [e-crt.org]

  Most patients present with symptoms such as, wheezing, cough, chest discomfort, hemoptysis or recurrent pneumonias. [omicsonline.org]

• Exertional Dyspnea

  He has noticed a gradual worsening of exertional dyspnea over the past 6 months, and now has trouble walking to the bathroom. He has otherwise been healthy, although he did have a 15 lb unintentional weight loss. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  For example, when exertional dyspnea occurs, the airway diameter is likely to be reduced to about 8 mm. Dyspnea at rest develops when the airway diameter reaches 5 mm. [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Investigations add little in the initial workup • As viral croup is the commonest cause of UAO, attempts to identify other causes is also very important to confirm the diagnosis. 16. [slideshare.net]

Radiology Chest radiography (CXR) is universal for patients presenting with most respiratory symptoms and is the first step in the radiologic workup. [jtd.amegroups.com]

• Atelectasis

  The interval between the improvement of atelectasis and the development of pneumothorax varied by less than three weeks. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This causes lung collapse (atelectasis), then pneumonia. As Dr. Chevalier Jackson stated, “Not all that wheezes is asthma!” Did You Know?! [dontchoke.ubc.ca]

  J Emerg Nurs. 2004; 30: 473-474. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/atelectasis/ DS01170/ DSECTION Amy Madsen. Managing Mucus Plugs. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

  They can cause wheezing, atelectasis, infections, dyspnea and sometimes hemoptysis [ 35 ]. On bronchoscopy the tumor appears solitary, smooth and well circumscribed. [omicsonline.org]

• Mediastinal Shift

  Computed tomography revealed a large endobronchial lesion causing occlusion of the left main bronchus and significant mediastinal shift to the left. Despite the collapse of the left lung, no symptoms of bronchial obstruction were evident. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Conclusion: Obstruction of the right main bronchus by a soft tissue mass resulting in airless "drowned" right lung with subsequent volume loss and mediastinal shift. Impression of multiple pulmonary metastases. Right paratracheal lymphadenopathy. [radiopaedia.org]

  Chest radiography reveals left-sided volume loss with mediastinal shift and multifocal heterogeneous opacities within the mid-lower left lung field. There is a small left pleural effusion. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  Radiographic findings may demonstrate, endobronchial lesions, atelectasis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis and in some instances even mediastinal shift. Imaging modalities are often non-specific. [omicsonline.org]

in the high-dose treatment group vs. the low-dose treatment group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The aim of treatment in patients with malignant endobronchial obstruction is mainly palliative. [nice.org.uk]

However, the ultimate prognosis is of course associated with the underlying condition. [patient.info]

The prognosis is poor with squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea, which carries a 5-year survival of approximately 40% when resectable and 7% when unresectable. [clinicaladvisor.com]

[…] especially when being prepared for children Consume food slowly and fully chew food before swallowing, which is an effective preventative method Closely watch very young children while they play with toys and small play items (toy parts) What is the Prognosis [dovemed.com]

Prognosis after an airway obstruction With prompt treatment, an airway obstruction can often be treated successfully. However, airway obstructions are extremely dangerous. They can be fatal even with treatment. [healthline.com]

The role of function in the etiology and treatment of malocclusion. Am J Orthod, 1979;54:883-98. Linder-Aaronson S, Woodside DG. Excess Face Height Malocclusion: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co., 2000. [massagetoday.com]

Etiology-specific treatment 1. Aspiration of Food or Foreign Body Use of the Heimlich maneuver in an individual who suddenly is unable to speak while eating (a so-called, “café coronary”) may relieve the obstruction. 2. [clinicaladvisor.com]

ETIOLOGY • Passive smoking • Exposure to chemical, air pollution • Inhalation of smoke • Hereditary factors 59. [slideshare.net]

“Constrictive (obliterative) bronchiolitis: diagnosis, etiology, and a critical review of the literature”. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 2 (5): 321–334. doi : 10.1016/S1092-9134(98)80026-9. [ja.wikipedia.org]

(Etiology) An Acute Upper Airway Obstruction is most often caused by blocked or obstructed upper airway that occurs due to the presence of foreign items that may include food, small toy parts, and other small objects. [dovemed.com]

In children, the most common causes are T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma). [ 5 ] Epidemiology Gender predilection reflects aetiology, with more males than females due to the prevalence of lung [patient.info]

Epidemiology Approximately 80,000 cases of malignant airway obstruction are treated annually in the United States. Cases of CAO occur in 20% to 30% of lung cancer patients. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Epidemiology Frequency Most airway foreign body aspirations occur in children younger than 15 years; children aged 1-3 years are the most susceptible. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Gender differences in sleep apnea: epidemiology, clinical presentation and pathogenic mechanisms. Sleep Med Rev, 2003;7:377-89. Baldwin CM, Bootzin RR, Schwenke DC, Quan SF. [massagetoday.com]

Definition and Epidemiology One reason that acute bronchitis is such a common diagnosis in primary care practice is that physicians often lump various conditions together under the diagnosis of bronchitis. [aafp.org]

Abstract From a pathophysiologic perspective, the changes that occur in asthma are multiple, diverse, and complex. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute estimated that total COPD costs were $32.1 billion in 2002 ($18 billion in direct medical costs and $14.1 billion in indirect medical costs). 10 While improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology [ajmc.com]

Pathophysiology After foreign body aspiration occurs, the foreign body can settle into 3 anatomic sites, the larynx, trachea, or bronchus. Of aspirated foreign bodies, 80-90% become lodged in the bronchi. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Gavin Joynt Pathophysiology - obstruction is likely to occur at sites of anatomic narrowing such as the hypopharynx at the base of the tongue and the false and true vocal cords at the laryngeal opening. - sites of airway obstruction are referred to as [aic.cuhk.edu.hk]

Patient with large tracheal tumor Pathophysiology of variable intrathoracic obstruction: During expiration, the expiratory muscles increase intra-thoracic and intra-airway pressures. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Different techniques of reinforcing the bronchial stump to prevent this complication have been described. Pledgeted sutures have been suggested for this purpose but have the potential to erode into the bronchus years after resection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Asthma prevalence and control characteristics by race/ethnicity–United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:145-148. 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [ajmc.com]

Prevention Unlike some diseases, COPD has a clear cause and a clear path of prevention. The majority of cases are directly related to cigarette smoking, and the best way to prevent COPD is to never smoke — or to stop smoking now. [mayoclinic.org]