In contrast to some reports, antibody to microfilarial surface antigens is present in sera from several patients with circulating microfilariae. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Individuals with Brugia Timori Infection commonly present with no symptoms. [dovemed.com]

The results of the present study can extend this observation to areas endemic for Brugia infections. [filariajournal.com]

• Fever

  Adverse reactions consisted of systemic reactions such as fever, headache, myalgia, itching and local reactions such as adenolymphangitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Wuchereria bancrofti ) The clinical manifestations of B. malayi, B. timori, and W. bancrofti infection are similar; manifestations of acute infection include transient, recurrent lymphadenitis and lymphangitis, The early signs and symptoms include episodic fever [clinicalgate.com]

  Location of egg, larvae and adult Ovoviviparous: microfilariae in blood, turns into larvae in mosquitoes, infectious larvae goes into lymphatic ducts and become adults Caused by adults Inflammatory response around lymph vessels Painful lymphatics, chills, fevers [quizlet.com]

  Table 6-9 Filarial Zoonotic Nematodes Predominant Signs Nematode Disease in People Brugia malayi, Brugia Often asymptomatic; Brugia timori filarias; clinical signs include lymphatic lymphangitis mainly in filariasis; the legs and groin area; Malayan fever [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Lymphedema

  Seventy-seven (13%) individuals showed lymphedema of the leg that occasionally presented severe elephantiasis. No hydrocele or genital lymphedema were observed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This obstruction results in lymphedema of the legs, arms, breasts, and/or genitalia. Male genital involvement such as hydrocele is very common in W. bancrofti infection but uncommon in Brugia species infection. [clinicalgate.com]

  Also, the sheath of B. timori does not stain pink with Giemsa stain as is observed with B. malayi and W. bancrofti. [ 4 ] Brugia timori filariasis Like other human filariasis infections, Brugia timori filariasis causes acute fever and chronic lymphedema [dictionnaire.sensagent.leparisien.fr]

  Also, the sheath of B. timori does not stain pink with Giemsa stain as is observed with B. malayi and W. bancrofti. [4] Brugia timori filariasis Like other human filariasis infections, Brugia timori filariasis causes acute fever and chronic lymphedema [ipfs.io]

• Pain

  Location of egg, larvae and adult Ovoviviparous: microfilariae in blood, turns into larvae in mosquitoes, infectious larvae goes into lymphatic ducts and become adults Caused by adults Inflammatory response around lymph vessels Painful lymphatics, chills [quizlet.com]

  […] mainly in filariasis; the legs and groin area; Malayan fever, headache, and filariasis backache may also be seen Dirofilaria Dirofilariasis Typically asymptomatic; immitis occasionally localized vasculitis and pulmonary infarcts are found producing chest pain [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Some measures include: Regular cleaning with soap and water Application of anti-microbial ointments to cuts and scrapes Exercising and massaging of the swollen limb to alleviate pain and swelling Elevation of the leg to improve circulation For severe [dovemed.com]

  Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a painful and profoundly disfiguring disease. In communities where filariasis is transmitted, all ages are affected. [who.int]

• Falling

  The mf level increased marginally from day 2 to peak on day 30 and then falling again to give 97% clearance by 1 year (Shenoy et al. 1993). [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  But the condition can quickly progress to shock, which is marked by falling blood pressure and body temperature, confusion, clotting abnormalities and bleeding into the skin. Blood poisoning is a medical emergency and can be fatal if left untreated. [brighterdayfoods.com]

• Painful Cough

  cough, and hemoptysis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Hemoptysis

  […] the legs and groin area; Malayan fever, headache, and filariasis backache may also be seen Dirofilaria Dirofilariasis Typically asymptomatic; immitis occasionally localized vasculitis and pulmonary infarcts are found producing chest pain, cough, and hemoptysis [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Chest Pain

  pain, cough, and hemoptysis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  A chronic syndrome called “tropical pulmonary eosinophilia” has been associated with W. bancrofti and B. malayi infections, involving eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrate, peripheral hypereosinophilia, wheezing, chest pain, splenomegaly, and bloody sputum [cdc.gov]

• Skin Rash

  Skin rash and hives have been reported after caffeine ingestion. Use cautiously with diabetes. Use cautiously if pregnant. Heavy caffeine intake during pregnancy may increase the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). [brighterdayfoods.com]

• Myalgia

  […] manifestations of acute infection include transient, recurrent lymphadenitis and lymphangitis, The early signs and symptoms include episodic fever, lymphangitis of an extremity, lymphadenitis (especially the inguinal and axillary areas), headaches, and myalgias [clinicalgate.com]

  Adverse reactions consisted of systemic reactions such as fever, headache, myalgia, itching and local reactions such as adenolymphangitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Evaluation of adverse reactions Adverse reactions accompanying treatment were systemic ones such as fever, headache, myalgia, itching, or localized like adenolymphangitis. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  […] group (n=42), adverse effects were myalgia (n=2), nausea (n=1), dizziness (n=2), insomnia (n=1), and itching (n=1). [academic.oup.com]

• Arthralgia

  The most common adverse reactions to diethylcarbamazine-albendazole were fever, headache, arthralgia, dizziness, lymph node enlargement, or myalgia. [academic.oup.com]

• Headache

  […] are similar; manifestations of acute infection include transient, recurrent lymphadenitis and lymphangitis, The early signs and symptoms include episodic fever, lymphangitis of an extremity, lymphadenitis (especially the inguinal and axillary areas), headaches [clinicalgate.com]

  9 Filarial Zoonotic Nematodes Predominant Signs Nematode Disease in People Brugia malayi, Brugia Often asymptomatic; Brugia timori filarias; clinical signs include lymphatic lymphangitis mainly in filariasis; the legs and groin area; Malayan fever, headache [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Adverse reactions consisted of systemic reactions such as fever, headache, myalgia, itching and local reactions such as adenolymphangitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Evaluation of adverse reactions Adverse reactions accompanying treatment were systemic ones such as fever, headache, myalgia, itching, or localized like adenolymphangitis. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

• Necator Americanus

  Although, both hookworm species occur in eastern Indonesia, data from Flores indicate that Necator americanus, may be the prominent species [ 27 ]. [filariajournal.com]

One year after treatment 69 subjects (72%) were mf-negative and the overall geometric mean mf density reduced to 3 mf/mL (0-2456 mf/mL). The reduction of mf was more pronounced 1 year after treatment compared with 6 months after treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Re-infection with A. lumbricoides may return six months after treatment to almost 90% of the pre-treatment prevalence and worm density may drop to about 75% [ 35 ]. [filariajournal.com]

(Outcomes/Resolutions) The prognosis for Brugia Timori Infection is generally quite good, as those with early to mild infection may be asymptomatic Treatment with DEC has proved to be effective in eliminating the infection It is currently not possible [dovemed.com]

(Etiology) Brugia Timori Infection is caused by the parasitic roundworm Brugia timori. [dovemed.com]

Abstract The epidemiological and clinical features of Brugia timori filariasis in a newly established village, Karakuak, West Flores, is described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Abstract The epidemiological and clinical features of Brugia timori filariasis in a newly established village, Karakuak, West Flores, is described. [ajtmh.org]

The epidemiology and treatment of infection due to Brugia malayi. Bull World Health Organ. 1962;27(4–5):529–41.Google Scholar Okon OE, Iboh CI, Opara KN. Bancroftian filariasis among the Mbembe people in Cross River State, Nigeria. [link.springer.com]

[The Epidemiological Studies On The Filariasis In Korea: I. Filariasis In Cheju-Do(Quelpart Island)]. Korean J Parasitol 1965;3(3):139–145. 12. Seo BS, Rim HJ, Lim YC, Kang IK, Park YO. The Epidemiological Studies On The Filariasis In Korea: II. [parasitol.kr]

While classical cases of filariasis are common and hence dealt at epidemiologic scales, uncommon infections are largely neglected and reported rarely. [tropicalparasitology.org]

For individuals with this condition, proper care of the limb must be taken to prevent infection. Additional steps may be taken to lessen the effects of swelling. [dovemed.com]

How can lymphatic filariasis be prevented? There is no vaccine for filariasis. [web.archive.org]

Epidemiology Currently, 856 million people in 52 countries worldwide remain threatened by lymphatic filariasis and require preventive chemotherapy to stop the spread of this parasitic infection. [cdc.gov.tw]

Any prevention program must consider reservoir hosts other than humans in the control of B. malayi. Measures used for control and prevention have been similar to those used for W. bancrofti . [med-chem.com]

Treatment and prevention, with the exceptional control problem associated with the animal reservoirs of Brugian filariasis, is the same as Bancroftian filariasis. [stanford.edu]