Presentation Abdominal or flank pain occurs in approximately half of the children presenting with urolithiasis, but the classical description of excruciating loin pain associated with the passage of the stone is uncommon. [adc.bmj.com]

Credit: remik44992/Shutterstock.com Patients may present with nausea, vomiting, blood in the urine and pain in the back, flank and lower abdomen. [news-medical.net]

The ipsilateral ureter presented normal caliber in the proximal portion and it was slightly increased in the distal, with absent calculi. [scielo.br]

Epidemiology[2] Renal stones are common, being present at some time in one in ten of the population, although a significant proportion will remain asymptomatic. [patient.info]

For a quick overview of the capabilities of CalculiX the results of an investigation of a small jet engine are presented. The jet engine was build around a turbo-charger rotor in the early 90’s by Andreas Funke and Klaus Wittig. [arek.pajak.info.pl]

• Fever

  Any fever with pain requires urgent medical attention. Fevers that occur with an infection are usually high — 100.4˚F (38˚C) or more. Chills or shivering often occur along with the fever. [healthline.com]

  Supportive therapy is given for fever, pain control and hydration. Surgical Management: Crucial decision in removing the kidney to relieve the obstruction. [nursingcrib.com]

  When symptoms are present, they usually include severe pain in the lower abdomen and back, difficult or frequent urination, blood in the urine, and fever. Increased hydration is the usual way to prevent bladder stone formation. [luriechildrens.org]

  Instruct patient to report decreased urine volume, bloody or cloudy urine, fever, and pain. Instruct patient to report any increase in pain. [nurseslabs.com]

  Seek immediate medical attention if you experience: Pain so severe that you can't sit still or find a comfortable position Pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting Pain accompanied by fever and chills Blood in your urine Difficulty passing urine Causes [mayoclinic.org]

• Chills

  Chills or shivering often occur along with the fever. Kidney stones are hard collections of salt and minerals that form in your kidneys and can travel to other parts of your urinary system. [healthline.com]

  Seek immediate medical attention if you experience: Pain so severe that you can't sit still or find a comfortable position Pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting Pain accompanied by fever and chills Blood in your urine Difficulty passing urine Causes [mayoclinic.org]

  Infection Clinical Manifestations: acute, sharp, intermittent pain (ureteral colic) dull, tender ache in the flank nausea and vomiting accompanying severe pain fever and chills hematuria abdominal distention pyuria Diagnostic Evaluation: Kidneys, ureters [nursingcrib.com]

  Symptoms can include: Blood in the urine (hematuria) Increased frequency of urination (urinary urgency) Nausea and vomiting Pain during urination (stinging, burning) Tenderness in the abdomen and kidney region Urinary tract infection ( UTI ; fever, chills [advuro.com]

  Other symptoms include restlessness, blood in the urine, nausea, vomiting, discolored urine, bad-smelling urine, chills, fever, difficulty urinating, or frequently feeling the urge to urinate but only producing a small amount. [study.com]

• Severe Pain

  Pain in the lower abdomen. Sweating. Brown, Red and Pink Urine. Foul smelling urine. Cloudy Urine. Experiencing pain during urination. Vomiting and Nausea. Restlessness. Severe pain in the ribs. Urinary Urgency. Discharge of blood in the urine. [byjus.com]

  When symptoms are present, they usually include severe pain in the lower abdomen and back, difficult or frequent urination, blood in the urine, and fever. Increased hydration is the usual way to prevent bladder stone formation. [luriechildrens.org]

  This is common with any severe pain. There may be severe pain in the testis but the testis should not be tender. Blood pressure may be low. [patient.info]

  Aeromedical Implications Effect of aviation on condition Low fluid intake, especially in hot conditions Effect of condition on aviation Overt incapacitation from severe pain and vomiting Distraction due to treatment & symptoms High recurrence rate of [casa.gov.au]

  Infection Clinical Manifestations: acute, sharp, intermittent pain (ureteral colic) dull, tender ache in the flank nausea and vomiting accompanying severe pain fever and chills hematuria abdominal distention pyuria Diagnostic Evaluation: Kidneys, ureters [nursingcrib.com]

• Fatigue

  The calculations were done to determine the burst-speed and the highest allowable rotational speed concerning low cycle fatigue and creep. In addition the eigenfrequencies were calculated to determine possible resonances with the vanes. [arek.pajak.info.pl]

  Many people with cancer say fatigue is one of the most difficult symptoms to manage. Fatigue from cancer is different than just feeling tired from lack of sleep. Cancer-related fatigue is persistent and interferes with daily activities. [healthline.com]

  It is subject for fatigue analysis, based on total deformations (elastic+plastic) 3) Situation when peak stress = yield stress don't make sense practically. It doesn't provide protection against fatigue because yield stress > fatigue threshold. [calculixforwin.blogspot.com]

• Swelling

  […] mineral type, but an in vitro study showed uric acid stones and crystals can promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones.[1] Pathophysiology and symptoms[edit] Stones can cause disease by several mechanisms: Irritation of nearby tissues, causing pain, swelling [en.wikipedia.org]

• Nausea

  It’s common for people with a kidney stone to have nausea and vomiting (8). These symptoms happen because of shared nerve connections between the kidneys and GI tract (9). [healthline.com]

  Nausea and vomiting are common. Factors predisposing to kidney stones include recent reduction in fluid intake, increased exercise with dehydration, medications that cause hyperuricemia (high uric acid) and a history of gout. [medicinenet.com]

  Seek immediate medical attention if you experience: Pain so severe that you can't sit still or find a comfortable position Pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting Pain accompanied by fever and chills Blood in your urine Difficulty passing urine Causes [mayoclinic.org]

  Kidney stone symptoms include: extreme pain (renal colic or ureteral colic), nausea/vomiting, urinary retention, infection. Treatment for renal stones include extracorporeal shock wave lithrotripsy (ESWL). [youtube.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Other considerations in the general evaluation of acute abdominal pain are discussed elsewhere (see Acute Abdominal Pain: Evaluation). Patients suspected of having a calculus causing colic require urinalysis and usually an imaging study. [msdmanuals.com]

  Signs and Symptoms of Bladder Calculi Childhood Symptoms in Endemic Bladder Stones: Abdominal pain Interrupted urine flow Dysuria, alguria, frequency Need to manipulate the penis Symptoms due to Secondary Bladder Stones: Recurrent urinary tract infections [urology-textbook.com]

  […] and tenderness Abdominal pain Small renal calculi, nonurologic etiology (gastrointestinal origin) Flank pain (sharp, extreme pain with sudden onset) Urinary calculi, musculoskeletal spasm Flank tenderness Urinary calculi, musculoskeletal inflammation [aafp.org]

  Nausea, Vomiting, Urinary frequency/urgency, Haematuria (blood in the urine), Abdominal pain, Dysuria (painful urination), Nocturia (excessive at night), Urinary hesitancy, Fever, Chills and Abnormal urine color or smell. [healthengine.com.au]

  The initial use of IV contrast for CT scans in patients with abdominal pain is not recommended. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hematuria

  Inform patient that hematuria is anticipated but should subside in 24 hours. Give appropriate dietary instructions based on composition of stones. Encourage regimen to avoid further stone formation; advise patient to adhere to prescribed diet. [nurseslabs.com]

  Macroscopic or microscopic hematuria is common, but urine may be normal despite multiple calculi. Pyuria with or without bacteria may be present. [msdmanuals.com]

  This symptom is also called hematuria. The blood can be red, pink, or brown. Sometimes the blood cells are too small to see without a microscope (called microscopic hematuria), but your doctor can test for this symptom. [healthline.com]

  Hematuria is usually present, but up to 15% of kidney stone patients will not demonstrate even microscopic hematuria. The presence of urinary crystals may suggest urolithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Kidney Failure

  […] stones) Can cause hydronephrosis (swollen kidneys) and kidney failure Can predispose to pyelonephritis (kidney infections) Can progress to urolithiasis Urolithiasis (urinary bladder stones) Can progress to bladder outlet obstruction Cholelithiasis (gallstones [en.wikipedia.org]

• Oliguria

  Observe for signs of urinary tract infection (chills, fever, frequency, and hesitancy) and obstruction (frequent urination of small amounts, oliguria, or anuria). Observe urine for blood; strain for stones or gravel. [nurseslabs.com]

[…] stone removal or external shockwave lithotripsy - both of which are expensive and may result in renal hemorrhage, fibrosis or hypertension, reduced renal function, or injury of renal tissue Improving workflow by avoiding lengthy and painful metabolic workup [siemens-healthineers.com]

Diagnosis[edit] Diagnostic workup varies by the stone type, but in general: Clinical history and physical examination Imaging studies Some stone types (mainly those with substantial calcium content) can be detected on X-ray and CT scan Many stone types [en.wikipedia.org]

Recent Advances in Aetiology, Stone Structure and Treatment International Symposium on Renal Stone Research, Madrid, September 1972: Proceedings. [karger.com]

If treatment is required, the most effective method should be discussed with the specialist. [casa.gov.au]

Although new ureteroscopes and lithotripters have been developed, the best treatment for impacted ureteral stones remains controversial. [scielo.br]

The use of a mobile machine may affect options for emergency treatment, but may also add to waiting times for non-emergency treatment URS for renal and ureteric stones is increasing (there has been a 49% increase from 12,062 treatments in 2009/10, to [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Ureteric Calculi Ureteric Calculi Prognosis [news-medical.net]

Provide information about disease process/prognosis and treatment needs. [nurseslabs.com]

Treatment and prognosis Most drug-induced calculi can be treated conservatively, usually maintaining a high urine output with an increased fluid intake. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] acid stones Struvite stones (triple phosphate stones/magnesium ammonium phosphate stones) Less common stones Clinical features Diagnostics Differential diagnoses Treatment Approach considerations Medical therapy Urological intervention Complications Prognosis [amboss.com]

The etiological factors for these different types of stones vary. [news-medical.net]

Less common stones Calcium phosphate stones Etiology Hyperparathyroidism Type 1 renal tubular acidosis Specific preventive measures Thiazide diuretics Urine acidification Cystine stones Etiology: hereditary defect in renal tubular absorption of dibasic [amboss.com]

From experimental and clinical observation, it appears evident that no one etiologic agent is entirely responsible for the formation of all kidney stones. [jamanetwork.com]

Urethrovaginal fistula is the main cause of vaginal calculi and the other etiologies are extremely rare (2). [numonthly.com]

The purpose of this review is to portray the current epidemiology and cause of renal stones in children, to provide a framework for appropriate clinical evaluation on an individual basis, and a guidance regarding treatment and prevention for the significant [journals.lww.com]

Epidemiology Sex: ♂ > ♀ Peak incidence: 30–60 years Risk factors Low fluid intake, dehydration Personal or family history See “Classification” below. References:[1][2][3][4] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Trends in urological stone disease.BJU Int. 2012 Apr;109(7):1082-7 Links: epidemiology aetiology pathogenesis sites of stone impaction clinical features differential diagnosis investigations management prevention of urinary tract stones [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Links: epidemiology aetiology pathogenesis sites of stone impaction clinical features differential diagnosis investigations management prevention of urinary tract stones referral criteria from primary care - renal stones [gpnotebook.com]

Epidemiology and Causes of Bladder Stones Endemic bladder stones: Malnutrition in developing countries causes bladder stones in children without the presence of bladder emptying disorders. Affected areas are North Africa, the Middle and Far East. [urology-textbook.com]

Pathophysiology: Renal stones are formed when the urine is not able to dissolve the minerals that comes along with the excretion of the body. Those minerals crystallizes and solidifies until it may block the passageway. [nursingcrib.com]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY November5,2017 31 32. November5,2017 32 33. November5,2017 33 34. [slideshare.net]

Uric acid is the second most common mineral type, but an in vitro study showed uric acid stones and crystals can promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones.[1] Pathophysiology and symptoms[edit] Stones can cause disease by several mechanisms: Irritation [en.wikipedia.org]

Assess patient’s knowledge about renal stones and measures to prevent recurrence. [nurseslabs.com]

The early identification of modifiable risk factors and other abnormalities is essential, to prevent related morbidity, the onset of chronic kidney disease, and the associated increased risk of developing other diseases. [journals.lww.com]

Your doctor may prescribe medications to help prevent the formation of calcium and uric acid stones. If you’ve had a kidney stone or you’re at risk for a kidney stone, speak with your doctor and discuss the best methods of prevention. [healthline.com]