To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of Candida sub-retinal abscess as initial presentation in an immunocompetent patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Corneal Edema

  Surprisingly, corneal edema completely resolved, and central DMEK endothelial cell density was 2506 cells/mm 1 month after discontinuing the antifungal injections, which apparently caused reversible endothelial toxicity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Joint Effusion

  Osteolysis occurred in 42%, joint-effusion in 31%, and soft tissue extension in 21%. Amphotericin and fluconazole were the most commonly used agents. Surgical interventions included debridement in 25%, irrigation 10%, and drainage 12%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Conclusion It could be appropriate to include more detailed analyses of procoagulant and fibrinolytic factors in the diagnostic workup of neonatal thrombosis, also through the investigation of genetic polymorphisms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Genitourinary candidiasis - A urinalysis should be performed; evidence of white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), protein, and yeast cells is common; urine fungal cultures are useful Gastrointestinal candidiasis - Endoscopy with or without biopsy See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

In addition, the development of resistance to antifungal agents is a crucial factor for assessing the appropriate antifungals that can be used for treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Antifungal agents based on microbial susceptibility tests are the first-line treatment choice for C. glabrata infection, but the prognosis might be more dependent on the basic condition of the host. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

What Is the Prognosis? Once treatment starts, most candidiasis infections get better within about 2 weeks. Recurrences are fairly common. Long-lasting thrush is sometimes related to pacifiers. [healthychildren.org]

What is the prognosis of thrush? The prognosis of candidiasis and how long it will last depends on the severity of the infection and the status of the immune system of the patient. [medicinenet.com]

What should you tell the family about the patient's prognosis? Even in those with HIV/AIDS, mucocutaneous candidiasis is considered a very treatable disease, although recurrences are common. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

Mycological and molecular identification of the necrotic tissues isolate revealed C. glabrata as etiologic agent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, it was not until 1954 that the Eighth Botanical Congress officially endorsed the binomial Candida albicans as the nomen conservandum formally ending the 200 year long uncertainty over the etiology and taxonomy of Candida. [antimicrobe.org]

To date, little is known about its epidemiology, virulence, and antifungal susceptibility. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20(1):133–63. doi: 20/1/133[pii]10.1128/CMR.00029-06. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 2. [doi.org]

Areas covered: This review covers published data on epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment options for women with azole-resistant refractory VVC. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

References:[1][2][3][4][5][6] Pathophysiology Clinical features Local mucocutaneous Oropharyngeal (oral thrush) Pseudomembranous candidiasis White plaque in the oral cavity that can be scraped off, giving way to red, inflamed, or bleeding areas. [amboss.com]

Department of Pathophysiology Medical School, University of Athens Athens Greece [doi.org]

Pathophysiology Candida species are yeastlike fungi that can form true hyphae and pseudohyphae. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Clioquinol could be used as a coating to prevent morphological switching and thus prevent biofilm formation. Furthermore, clioquinol may have future applications in the treatment of Candida infections linked to the use of IUDs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Beginning in 2016, the CDC, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and Public Health England, among others, released a series of alerts to inform clinicians, laboratorians, infection prevention practitioners, and public health [doi.org]