We report an unusual case of duodenal candidiasis that presented as chronic diarrhea in a patient who had previously undergone kidney transplantation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infants with thrush may present with pain, poor feeding, or fussiness, but patients are more often asymptomatic and thrush presents no interference with eating. Esophagitis due to Candida infection may present with chest pain and poor feeding. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

• Candidiasis

  candidiasis fungal infection due to any type of Candida Disseminated candidiasis systemic candidiasis thrush Candidiasis Candidiasis, thrush Candida infection Candidosis infections, Candida Candida Infection Statements Identifiers Sitelinks Wikipedia [wikidata.org]

  Systemic candidiasis Systemic candidiasis can be divided into 2 primary syndromes: candidemia and disseminated candidiasis (organ infection by Candida species). [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Splenectomy

  Case 3 illustrates treatment challenges, with ongoing dissemination and insufficient source control despite months of antifungal therapy, eventually resulting in a splenectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dysphagia

  Symptoms and Signs of Invasive Candidiasis Esophageal candidiasis is most often manifested by dysphagia. Candidemia usually causes fever, but no symptoms are specific. [msdmanuals.com]

  Referral Admit to hospital if there are systemic symptoms, the patient is unwell or if there are oesophageal symptoms (dysphagia or retrosternal pain) - particularly if there is immunocompromise. [patient.info]

  […] mellitus Steroids Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Diseases which cause delayed esophageal emptying Scleroderma Strictures Achalasia S/P fundoplication Rarely may occur in otherwise healthy individuals Produces whitish slightly raised plaques Clinical Findings Dysphagia [learningradiology.com]

• Pruritus Ani

  Amir Bastawrous and Vivek Chaudhry, Specific pruritus ani, Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery, 14, 4, (203), (2003). [dx.doi.org]

  […] self-diagnostic test concerning yeast conditions or to make any unsubstantiated representation concerning any food or supplement's ability to control yeast conditions, with a fine of $30,000 payable to the National Institutes of Health for research in [en.wikipedia.org]

• Erythema

  The presenting signs and symptoms include chronic erythema and edema of the portion of the palate that comes into contact with dentures. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  A minority of male sex partners may have balanitis, which is characterised by erythema (redness) of the glans penis. [apps.who.int]

  On exam there may be erythema with satellite papules and overlying white plaques. This presentation is called “intertrigo.” Figure 1. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

  […] foreskin, may or may not be itchy White ‘curd like’ vaginal discharge although discharge can appear normal Swelling of foreskin if severe Genital/vulval itch, discomfort Fissures Superficial erosions Superficial dysparuenia External dysuria Excoriation, erythema [sti.guidelines.org.au]

• Pruritus

  The patient has a history of generalized pruritus, with increased severity in the genitocrural folds, anal region, axillae, hands, and feet. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Intense itching in the external genitalia in women (pruritus vulvae) may be due to candidiasis (yeast), hormonal changes, or the use of certain spermicides or vaginal suppositories, ointments, or deodorants. [yourdictionary.com]

  Amir Bastawrous and Vivek Chaudhry, Specific pruritus ani, Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery, 14, 4, (203), (2003). [dx.doi.org]

• Eczema

  Abeck, The therapeutic concept of “patient management” in atopic eczema, Allergy, 51, 4, (206-215), (2007). [doi.org]

  In 38 patients, a cause was established; specifically, 63% had candidiasis, 16% had irritant dermatitis, 11% had eczema, and 11% had psoriasis. Of these patients, 37 were treated and 73% were cured after 8 weeks of treatment. [emedicine.com]

  Other conditions that may resemble candidiasis of the skin include: ringworm hives herpes diabetes-related skin conditions contact dermatitis seborrheic dermatitis eczema psoriasis Candidiasis of the skin develops when the skin becomes infected with Candida [healthline.com]

  […] over-proliferates in the body, though, the symptoms can be debilitating: • Painful and persistent gas and bloating • Recurrent yeast infections in women • Constipation, or diarrhea • Migraines • Weight gain • Depression and brain fog • Skin issues like eczema [huffpost.com]

• Skin Fissure

  There may be severe redness, swelling, and itching, leading to skin fissures or sores. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Genital Lesions

  […] through open lesions. [grin.com]

Genitourinary candidiasis - A urinalysis should be performed; evidence of white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), protein, and yeast cells is common; urine fungal cultures are useful Gastrointestinal candidiasis - Endoscopy with or without biopsy See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

"Candidiasis: Workup". Medscape. WebMD. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016. ^ Mastromarino P, Vitali B, Mosca L (July 2013). "Bacterial vaginosis: a review on clinical trials with probiotics" (PDF). [en.wikipedia.org]

Other management strategies and second-line treatments: Voriconazole (may be an alternative or a step-down treatment). [patient.info]

Treatment Regimens Table 1. Table 1. [doi.org]

This review provides an overview on predisposition factors, prevention and diagnosis of candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for candidiasis treatment. [hdl.handle.net]

Short-course treatments should not be used for recurrent or resistant infections. Are Over-the-Counter Treatments Safe to Use? Over-the-counter treatments for VVC are available. As a result, more women are diagnosing and treating themselves. [web.archive.org]

What is the prognosis of thrush? The prognosis of candidiasis and how long it will last depends on the severity of the infection and the status of the immune system of the patient. [medicinenet.com]

Prognosis of vaginal thrush The prognosis is good and most women with thrush will respond to antifungal treatment. [myvmc.com]

Prognosis Typically, in otherwise healthy people with superficial candidiasis, a properly treated infection goes away without leaving permanent damage. [drugs.com]

It is a very serious symptom, most of the time with a poor prognosis. Due to the weakness of the patient, the fungus spreads very quickly and can become fatal. Therefore, it’s key to be very alert to the early symptoms. [steptohealth.com]

Etiology Pathogen Most common: Candida albicans (C. albicans) C. albicans is a type of oval, budding yeast (see general mycology) Forms hyphae and long pseudohyphae Ubiquitous on healthy skin, as well as in the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal tract [amboss.com]

Etiology Candidal vulvovaginitis is caused by inflammatory changes in the vaginal and vulvar epithelium secondary to infection with Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In 20 cases of balanitis and balanoposthitis, the most common etiologic agent was C. albicans, followed by C. glabrata complex. [elsevier.es]

The etiology of Crohn’s disease (CD), an autoimmune, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which affects approximately one million people in Europe, is still unclear. [doi.org]

The changing landscape of invasive fungal infections: epidemiology, diagnosis, and pharmacologic options. Clin Infect Dis. 2006. 43:S1-2. Kaufman DA. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology of candidemia in Brazil: a nationwide sentinel surveillance of candidemia in eleven medical centers. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Aug. 44(8):2816-23. [Medline]. Maródi L, Johnston RB Jr. [web.archive.org]

References:[1][2][3][4][5][6] Pathophysiology Clinical features Local mucocutaneous Oropharyngeal (oral thrush) Pseudomembranous candidiasis White plaque in the oral cavity that can be scraped off, giving way to red, inflamed, or bleeding areas. [amboss.com]

Pathophysiology Thrush represents an overgrowth of yeast when either normal host immunity or normal host flora has been disrupted. Yeast overgrowth on the oral mucosa causes the epithelial cells to desquamate. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Reviewed by: Linda Vorvick, MD, Family Physician, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine. [web.archive.org]

Pathophysiology Candidal vulvovaginitis occurs when Candida species superficially penetrate the mucosal lining of the vagina and cause an inflammatory response. The dominant inflammatory cells are typically polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This review provides an overview on predisposition factors, prevention and diagnosis of candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for candidiasis treatment. [hdl.handle.net]

This might prevent unnecessary surgery or inappropriate treatment. Timely diagnosis of hepatosplenic candidiasis (HSC) is challenging, but can prevent further complications and dissemination, and may even prevent unnecessary invasive procedures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

For women who experience recurrent yeast infections (more than three per year), some evidence suggests that oral or intravaginal probiotics may help to prevent frequent infections. [web.archive.org]