The patient presented also serves as a remainder that neurodegenerative disorders of apparently unknown origin sometimes derive from occupational toxic exposures suffered in the past. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinical presentation Acute carbon disulfide exposure can cause eye and skin irritation and CNS depression. [mhmedical.com]

Deeply researched and boldly presented, this book brings to light an industrial hazard whose egregious history ranks with those of asbestos, lead, and mercury. [books.google.it]

Neuropathies from industrial agents (either from occupational or environmental sources), presenting after either limited or long-term exposure, are insidious. Patients may present with subtle pain or weakness. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Overview Chronic toxic encephalopathy Etiology : chronic or repeated high-dose exposure (e.g,, inhalation) to organic solvents or heavy metals → cerebral, cerebellar, and brain stem atrophy Presentation Mental conditions (e.g., personality changes) Multifocal [amboss.com]

• Fatigue

  References: [2] [4] Pyrethroid Sources of exposure : skin contact with, ingestion of, or inhalation of insecticides (e.g., malaria control); permethrin treatment of scabies, head and pubic lice Effects Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, coma Nausea Irritation [amboss.com]

  […] the toxicity of H2S, there are regulatory limits at federal, state and local levels: Concentration (ppm) – Symptoms/Effects 0.0001-0.0003 – Background Levels 0.01-1.5 – Odor Threshold 2-5 – Nausea, Headaches, Breathing Difficulties (Asthmatics) 20 – Fatigue [asphaltmagazine.com]

  […] poisoning effects including tremor, prostration, dyspnea, cyanosis and vascular collapse psychosis or narcosis may result from acute levels of up 500–1000ppm Long-term exposure at high levels are responsible for: nervous system effects including symptoms of fatigue [dnrm.qld.gov.au]

  This syndrome consists of extreme fatigue, hyperirritability, insomnia, pathological shyness, and depression." [noamalgam.com]

  If the quantity swallowed is not a fatal one, consciousness returns rapidly, but fatigue, dizziness and headache may last for days. [archive.org]

• Dyspnea

  Identified health effects (NICNAS Sodium Ethyl Xanthate, May 1995) include: irritation to eyes, skin and respiratory tract acute poisoning effects including tremor, prostration, dyspnea, cyanosis and vascular collapse psychosis or narcosis may result [dnrm.qld.gov.au]

• Nausea

  […] pain Irritation of skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract Diagnosis : clinical Treatment : supportive Dimethylformamide (DMF) Sources of exposure : inhalation of or skin contact with solvent used to produce fibers, films, and coatings Effects Nausea [amboss.com]

  Cease working immediately if you experience dizziness, headache, nausea, euphoria or convulsions, as these are symptoms of acute inhalation of carbon disulfide. [sciencing.com]

  Due to the toxicity of H2S, there are regulatory limits at federal, state and local levels: Concentration (ppm) – Symptoms/Effects 0.0001-0.0003 – Background Levels 0.01-1.5 – Odor Threshold 2-5 – Nausea, Headaches, Breathing Difficulties (Asthmatics) [asphaltmagazine.com]

  Consequences Safety and health consequences of these incidents included inhalation symptoms (nausea and vomiting), dizziness, burns, the evacuation of surrounding areas, and an explosion that ejected material up to 30m. [dnrm.qld.gov.au]

  The first symptoms are from the digestive tract – abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, perhaps vomiting, with constipation later. One to a few days later neurological symptoms appear. [noamalgam.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Blurry vision Brownish discoloration of the conjunctiva and the cornea Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain Irritation of skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract Diagnosis : clinical Treatment : supportive Dimethylformamide (DMF) Sources of exposure [amboss.com]

  The first symptoms are from the digestive tract – abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, perhaps vomiting, with constipation later. One to a few days later neurological symptoms appear. [noamalgam.com]

• Heart Disease

  Disease Davidson and Feinleib DeHaas l969 dioxide Effects of CS2 emissions emitted Environmental Protection Agency estimated exposure Fuel Oils Galivets half-life health effects Heicklen l97lb Hernberg hydrogen hydrolysis kg/h CS2 Kuwai l0 ppm Menlo [books.google.com]

  disease Liver injury Diagnosis : 2-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in the urine Treatment : supportive Styrene Sources of exposure : skin contact with, ingestion of, or inhalation of styrene released from disposed packaging materials, cigarette smoke, [amboss.com]

  disease including heart attack, high blood pressure and angina links to eye damage, reproductive effects and hearing loss. [dnrm.qld.gov.au]

  After years of exposure, even more insidious carbon disulfide damage appears through increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Only in recent decades have these latter effects been established conclusively. [greenbiz.com]

  Hernberg S, Partanen T, Nordman CH, Sumari P: Coronary heart disease among workers exposed to carbon disulphide. Br J Ind Med 1970;27:313–325. [karger.com]

• Cyanosis

  Identified health effects (NICNAS Sodium Ethyl Xanthate, May 1995) include: irritation to eyes, skin and respiratory tract acute poisoning effects including tremor, prostration, dyspnea, cyanosis and vascular collapse psychosis or narcosis may result [dnrm.qld.gov.au]

  The signs are : loss of consciousness: bailor of the face, with blueness (cyanosis) of the lips; widening of the pupils; a rapid, feeble pulse; shivering; convulsions. [archive.org]

• Tachycardia

  […] dysfunction that may be present include the following: Hypohidrosis or hyperhidrosis Diarrhea or constipation Urinary incontinence or retention Gastroparesis Sicca syndrome Blurry vision Facial flushes Orthostatic intolerance Sexual dysfunction Cramping Tachycardia [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Heart racing (the medical term is tachycardia) is quite common in people with mercury poisoning. The heart rate may vary dramatically over a period of a few minutes for no apparent reason. Heart pain (angina) may occur. [noamalgam.com]

• Muscle Weakness

  Selenium deficiency causes aching muscles, heart muscle weakness and heart disease. It can also contribute to sensitivity to the toxic effects of arsenic and mercury and perhaps other heavy metals at lower than the usual toxic levels. [noamalgam.com]

• Suggestibility

  Serum thyroxine assay is suggested as a reliable test in the early diagnosis of CS2 poisoning. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] sponsored, with the Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center (HWRIC) of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, a research project at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to evaluate current gas- purification and recovery technology and to suggest [osti.gov]

  On these bases, we suggest that the very nature of CS 2 poisoning may be related to interrupting or overwhelming relevant regulatory or signaling process(es), much like other SMBs. [pubs.rsc.org]

  High hair calcium suggests calcium loss and wasting. [noamalgam.com]

• Irritability

  الصفحة 128 - Irritant: A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. [books.google.com]

  References: [2] [4] Pyrethroid Sources of exposure : skin contact with, ingestion of, or inhalation of insecticides (e.g., malaria control); permethrin treatment of scabies, head and pubic lice Effects Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, coma Nausea Irritation [amboss.com]

  […] car·bon di·sul·fide (CS 2 ) poi·son·ing acute or chronic intoxication by CS 2 ; an industrial disease encountered among rubber workers and makers of artificial silk (rayon) by the viscose process; characterized by insomnia, listlessness, and irritability [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  H319 :Causes serious eye irritation. H331 :Toxic if inhaled. H335+H336 :May cause respiratory irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. H341 :Suspected of causing genetic defects. H360 :May damage fertility or the unborn child. [tcichemicals.com]

• Headache

  References: [2] [4] Pyrethroid Sources of exposure : skin contact with, ingestion of, or inhalation of insecticides (e.g., malaria control); permethrin treatment of scabies, head and pubic lice Effects Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, coma Nausea Irritation [amboss.com]

  Cease working immediately if you experience dizziness, headache, nausea, euphoria or convulsions, as these are symptoms of acute inhalation of carbon disulfide. [sciencing.com]

  A Delaware Rayon worker claimed she suffered irrationality, unconscious spells, lack of self-control, nightmares, crying spells, headaches, weakened eyesight, and a loss of libido. Not only did the president, J. [undark.org]

  Due to the toxicity of H2S, there are regulatory limits at federal, state and local levels: Concentration (ppm) – Symptoms/Effects 0.0001-0.0003 – Background Levels 0.01-1.5 – Odor Threshold 2-5 – Nausea, Headaches, Breathing Difficulties (Asthmatics) [asphaltmagazine.com]

  […] tremor, prostration, dyspnea, cyanosis and vascular collapse psychosis or narcosis may result from acute levels of up 500–1000ppm Long-term exposure at high levels are responsible for: nervous system effects including symptoms of fatigue, insomnia, headaches [dnrm.qld.gov.au]

• Encephalopathy

  The case illustrates the possibility of chronic toxic encephalopathy among patients with previous long-term exposure to CS2. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The pathogenic mechanisms of diffuse encephalopathy are unclear, although vasculopathy and toxic demyelination have been proposed. [karger.com]

  Overview Chronic toxic encephalopathy Etiology : chronic or repeated high-dose exposure (e.g,, inhalation) to organic solvents or heavy metals → cerebral, cerebellar, and brain stem atrophy Presentation Mental conditions (e.g., personality changes) Multifocal [amboss.com]

  Huang, C.C. et al., «Chronic carbon disulfide encephalopathy.» European Neurology. Vol. 36, p. 364-368. (1996). [AP-051563] ▲31. [reptox.cnesst.gouv.qc.ca]

• Ataxia

  Ataxia, dysmetria, dysarthria and adiadochokinesia appeared 7 years after retirement from work (at age 54), and were later accompanied by cognitive deterioration, dysmnesia, spatio-temporal disorientation, emotional lability, and paranoid-obsessive disturbances [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Stage II A Symptoms: same as above Personality changes Same as above Psychological evaluation to detect psychomotor retardation Reduced healing tendency B Symptoms: same as above Psychomotor deficits (e.g., ataxia ) Same as above Neurological evaluation [amboss.com]

  Tables: 0 ISSN: 0014-3022 (Print) eISSN: 1421-9913 (Online) For additional information: https://www.karger.com/ENE Abstract Long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) may induce diffuse encephalopathy with parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, cerebellar ataxia [karger.com]

  Central nervous system (CNS) disease can manifest as follows: Corticospinal tract disease: Hyperreflexia, Babinski responses, and stiff-leg ataxic gait Dorsal column degeneration: Diffusely decreased proprioceptive and vibratory sensations and gait ataxia [emedicine.medscape.com]

  No ataxia occurs and reflexes are not notably affected. Modern medical textbooks also make it clear that mercury from "silver" 2 fillings is a potential hazard to both dental patients and the people who work in the dentist's office. [noamalgam.com]

• Stroke

  After years of exposure, even more insidious carbon disulfide damage appears through increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Only in recent decades have these latter effects been established conclusively. [greenbiz.com]

  Stroke 1999;30:556–566. Alpers BJ, Lewy FH: Changes in the nervous system following carbon disulfide poisoning in animals and in man. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1940;44:725–739. [karger.com]

  Irving Memorial Hospital Tarakad S Ramachandran, MBBS, MBA, MPH, FAAN, FACP, FAHA, FRCP, FRCPC, FRS, LRCP, MRCP, MRCS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of International Physicians, American Heart Association, American Stroke [emedicine.medscape.com]

  A convenient sampler may be made by calibrating a double action short piston hand pump to deliver a measured volume of air with each stroke. Connect the side-arm of the second tube to the suction side of the pump through a trap. [archive.org]

[…] blood Vitamin B-12 Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance Axonal neuropathy Cryoglobins and hepatitis C evaluation Immunofixation (for paraneoplastic neuropathy) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level: Usually normal in toxic neuropathy See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology is emphasized throughout, providing a sound basis for discussions of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis that follow. [books.google.de]

Most organic solvents do not have an antidote; therefore, treatment is generally supportive. For an overview of other types of substance toxicity (e.g., with organophosphates ), see the learning card on poisoning. [amboss.com]

Treatment of cyclohexanone with lithium 4-methyl-2,6-di- t -butylphenoxide ( 12 ) (readily obtained by treatment of the phenol with n -butyllithium) and CS 2, followed by methylation, leads via the dithiocarboxylate ion ( 13 ) to the a -ketoketene dithioacetal [reag.paperplane.io]

[…] percent rayon reaction refineries reported Solvents Soucek sources specific absorption rate Stagnation Levels Stanford Research Institute STAR Ranking sulfur burden sulfur compounds sulfur plant capacity sulfur recovery plants synthesis gas tail gas treatment [books.google.com]

Pathophysiology is emphasized throughout, providing a sound basis for discussions of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis that follow. [books.google.de]

inhalation) to organic solvents or heavy metals → cerebral, cerebellar, and brain stem atrophy Presentation Mental conditions (e.g., personality changes) Multifocal neurologic deficits (e.g., memory impairment) Grading Clinical features Diagnosis Prognosis [amboss.com]

Clinical prognosis of patients with diagnosed chronic solvent intoxication. Acta Neurol Scand. 1982 May. 65(5):488-503. [Medline]. Antti-Poika M. Overall prognosis of patients with diagnosed chronic organic solvent intoxication. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Overview Chronic toxic encephalopathy Etiology : chronic or repeated high-dose exposure (e.g,, inhalation) to organic solvents or heavy metals → cerebral, cerebellar, and brain stem atrophy Presentation Mental conditions (e.g., personality changes) Multifocal [amboss.com]

In some patients, extensive search for an etiology may fail to uncover the exact cause of neuropathy. Many chemicals are known to cause neuropathy in laboratory animals. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Psychometric Evidence that Dental Amalgam Mercury May be an Etiological Factor in Schizophrenia, Siblerud, Motl and Kienholz, Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, volume 14, number 4, pages 201-9, 1999. The medical term is bipolar disorder. [noamalgam.com]

الصفحة 69 - Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems. ‏ [books.google.com]

Epidemiologic studies indicate that carbon disulfide exposure is associated with adverse reproductive function and outcomes. [mhmedical.com]

Página 33 - USES OF MEDICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION. ‎ [books.google.es]

Some of these have been associated with neuropathy in clinical epidemiologic studies, confirming their ability to injure the human peripheral nervous system (PNS). [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology is emphasized throughout, providing a sound basis for discussions of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis that follow. [books.google.de]

Pathophysiology Neuropathy may be categorized by presentation (ie, motor or sensory symptoms), electrodiagnostic features, and neuroanatomical location within the peripheral nerve (ie, demyelinating or axonal, neuronopathy, ion channel neuropathy, neuromuscular [emedicine.medscape.com]

Exploration Fluorescéine Fond oeil Homme Intoxication Oedème maculaire cystoïde Oeil pathologie Prévention Rétinopathie Toxicité Keyword (en) Angiography Carbon disulfide Exploration Fundus of the eye Human Poisoning Cystoid macular edema Eye disease Prevention [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

Página 33 - USES OF MEDICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION. ‎ [books.google.es]

Eating, drink, taking medication, or any other activity involving ingestion or the risk of ingestion should not be done near carbon disulfide to prevent poisoning. [sciencing.com]

If necessary, tie the patient's arms and legs to prevent him from injuring himself and others. Call a physician at once. [archive.org]

Engineering Store xanthate boxes to allow sufficient ventilation to disperse any fumes and ensure storage areas prevent build up of humidity. Use extraction hoods with scrubbers to eliminate xanthate dust from mixing. [dnrm.qld.gov.au]