Presentation
The clinical presentation of CO poisoning may be mild, moderate, or severe. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]
Bradykinesia presents as a slowness of voluntary movement and reduced automatic movements. It is particularly noticeable in a reduced arm swing whilst walking. [patient.info]
Parkinsonism was the main presenting feature. She responded very well to treatment with levodopa and bromocriptine. Acknowledgement We acknowledge the help of Mrs. [ispub.com]
However, tremors can sometimes be present asymmetrically. Akinesia along with the loss of arm swing is usually the earliest symptom of drug drug induced parkinsonism. [pdring.com]
Improve your interpretation of presenting symptoms with 38 new topics and 40 new images in the Differential Diagnosis section, and optimize patient care with more than 250 new figures and tables. [books.google.com]
Workup
The utility of CAT in the diagnostic workup and in following clinical course is discussed, as are the difficulties of making a diagnosis of an antecedent primary psychiatric disorder in the presence of neurological and psychiatric sequelae of CO intoxication [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
A series of treatments is suggested for use as a bundle therapy with targeted temperature management as the base treatment method. A series of potent treatments in combination could bring a greater benefit. [nrronline.org]
Treatment for Parkinson's disease may include the following: Medications Surgery Stereotactic radiosurgery Robert Wood Johnson offers several innovative treatments for Parkinson's, including the Gamma Knife, as well as Deep Brain Stimulation. [rwjuh.edu]
Tremors Treatment There are several options available for the treatment of tremors. These include both medical as well as surgical treatments. [emedicinehealth.com]
Imipramine in treatment of parkinsonism: a double blind placebo study. Br Med J 1965 ; 5452 : 33 – 34. 109. Reiderer, P, Reinolds, GP. Deprenyl is a selective inhibitor of brain MOA-B in the long term treatment of Parkinson’s disease. [cambridge.org]
Treatment Treatment of PD is usually with a combination of anti-Parkinson drugs, including levodopa, and auxilliary therapies like physical therapy. In Parkinsonism, treatment will be directed the cause, once it is identified. [pdring.com]
Prognosis
Any drug is not effective, but the prognosis is good. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis; Complications Life expectancy is often about the same as for the general population, but female Parkinson's patients generally live longer with the disorder than men. [diagnose-me.com]
Miura T, Mitomo M, Kawai R, Harada K (1985) CT of the brain in acute carbon monoxide intoxication: characteristic features and prognosis. AJNR 6:739–742 Google Scholar 11. [link.springer.com]
Although anecdotal case reports have shown a good prognosis after induced hypothermia in patients with severe acute CO poisoning, the current clinical indications of induced hypothermia have not included acute CO poisoning [ 9, 10 ]. [ceemjournal.org]
Prognosis Slowly progressive with a mean duration of fifteen years. Severity, however, varies widely. It follows a relatively benign course in some patients, who may show little disability after twenty years. [patient.info]
Etiology
Etiology Heredity Antipsychotic drugs (or neuroleptic agents) Encephalitis infection in response to brain trauma, tumors, hydrocephalus or ischaemia Arteriosclerosis Neurotoxins such as cyanide, manganese and carbon monoxide Drugs like reserpine [slideshare.net]
Parkinson disease in twins: an etiologic study. JAMA. 1999 Jan 27. 281(4):341-6. [Medline]. Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, Ide SE, Dehejia A, Dutra A, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology of parkinsonism: incidence, classification, and mortality. Ann Neurol 1984 ; 16 : 278 – 282. 6. Eldridge, R, Rocca, WA. The clinical syndrome of striatal dopamine deficiency: parkinsonism induced by MPTP. [cambridge.org]
American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 144, September 1, 1996, pp. 480-84 Fahn, Stanley. An open trial of high-dosage antioxidants in early Parkinson's disease. [yourhealthbase.com]
Epidemiology [ 4 ] Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. [patient.info]
Iqbal S, Clower JH, Hernandez SA, Damon SA, Yip FY (2012) A review of disaster-related carbon monoxide poisoning: surveillance, epidemiology, and opportunities for prevention. Am J Public Health 102:1957-1963. [headache.imedpub.com]
Epidemiology Frequency United States Unintentional, non–fire-related CO poisoning is responsible for approximately 15,000 emergency department visits annually in the United States. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiological mechanisms of CO poisoning: Pathophysiology of CO poisoning and subsequent DNS is very complex and remains poorly understood. A well-known underlying pathophysiological mechanism in CO poisoning is hypoxic stress. [nrronline.org]
The implications of these findings with regard to the central neurochemical pathophysiology in this patient and in major depressive disorder in general are discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
"Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: pathophysiology, neuropathology and mechanisms." NeuroRehabilitation 26 (1): 5-13. Calvert, J. W. and J. H. Zhang (2005). "Pathophysiology of an hypoxic-ischemic insult during the perinatal period." [internationalbrain.org]
Pathophysiology of CO intoxication is complex. CO reacts readily and reversibly with hemoglobin that results in carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb). CO-Hb interferes with the transport of oxygen from alveoli to tissues. [em-consulte.com]
Prevention
AND CONCLUSIONS Many lives could be saved and much disability prevented if citizens could learn to recognize and prevent the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning. [carbonmonoxidekills.com]
0% Emergent - ED Care Needed - Preventable/Avoidable - 0% Emergent - ED Care Needed - Not Preventable/Avoidable - 0% Primary diagnosis of injury 0% Primary diagnosis of mental health problems 0% Primary diagnosis of substance abuse 0% Primary diagnosis [medicbind.com]
These preventive measures may also be useful in slowing down the progression of the disease. [diagnose-me.com]
Rapidly find the answers you need with separate sections on diseases and disorders, differential diagnosis, clinical algorithms, laboratory results, and clinical preventive services, plus an at-a-glance format that uses cross-references, outlines, bullets [books.google.com]
Treating underlying conditions, such as stroke or infections, can reduce symptoms or prevent the condition from getting worse. If symptoms make it hard to do everyday activities, the provider may recommend medicine. [medlineplus.gov]