Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are wide-spread zinc enzymes, present in archaeo- and eubacteria, algae, green plants and animals. [doi.org]

Expert opinion: The present patents address an important healthcare problem by proposing a new pharmacological approach and may represent a valid alternative for the treatment of sleep apnea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Carbonic anhydrase is present in high concentrations in the eye, kidneys, stomach lining, and pancreas. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce the production of aqueous humour in the eye and are used mainly in treating glaucoma. [oxfordreference.com]

Abstract INTRODUCTION The enzyme carbonic anhydrase, normally present in high concentration in renal tubular cells, is thought to be responsible for the reabsorption of bicarbonate. [annals.org]

• Retinal Pigmentation

  The efficacy of topical NSAIDs and systemic CAI association indicates that the imbalance in the distribution of retinal pigment epithelium membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase could play a major role in CME pathogenesis in GACR. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The estimated average Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study equivalent improvement was 0.09 (slightly less than one line on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart) with a 95% confidence interval of 0.08 to 0.11. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Carbonic anhydrase IX expression, a novel surrogate marker of tumor hypoxia, is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 473–482 (2003). 80. Dorai, T. et al. [nature.com]

Synthesizes a classical approach to the glaucomas-based on seven earlier editions spanning over 40 years-with the most up-to-date evidence-based and epidemiologically-derived classifications and outcomes.Coherently correlates with authoritative consensus [books.google.de]

The epidemiology of uric acid and fructose. Semin Nephrol. 2011 Sep. 31(5):410-9. [Medline]. [Full Text]. Bae J, Chun BY, Park PS, Choi BY, Kim MK, Shin MH, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Each disease-oriented section begins with an up-to-date review of pathophysiology and then focuses on specific diseases. [books.google.de]

Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of acetazolamide in the treatment of chronic mountain sickness and the importance of nocturnal hypoxemia in its pathophysiology. [doi.org]

[…] antiarrhythmic drugs. 6 iii) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents reduce the efficacy of thiazide diuretics. 6 iv) Thiazides can increase the blood levels of lithium. e) Clinical Uses Thiazides can be used to treat edema associated with a variety of pathophysiologic [uky.edu]

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, particularly acetazolamide, have been used at high altitude for decades to prevent or reduce acute mountain sickness (AMS), a syndrome of symptomatic intolerance to altitude characterized by headache, nausea, fatigue [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Some diuretics inhibit the activity of carbonic anhydrase in proximal convoluted tubules and prevent reabsorption of bicarbonates from renal tubules. [en.wikipedia.org]

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Class Summary Prevent gouty arthritis attacks and nephropathy. Used to treat hyperuricemia secondary to diuretics or antineoplastics. Prevent recurrent uric acid nephrolithiasis. [emedicine.medscape.com]