Presentation
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are wide-spread zinc enzymes, present in archaeo- and eubacteria, algae, green plants and animals. [doi.org]
Expert opinion: The present patents address an important healthcare problem by proposing a new pharmacological approach and may represent a valid alternative for the treatment of sleep apnea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
Eyes
- Retinal Pigmentation
The efficacy of topical NSAIDs and systemic CAI association indicates that the imbalance in the distribution of retinal pigment epithelium membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase could play a major role in CME pathogenesis in GACR. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Psychiatrical
- Withdrawn
Two of 28 patients receiving dorzolamide and two of 20 patients receiving placebo were withdrawn due to adverse experiences. INTERVENTION: Dorzolamide (2%) or placebo to each eye three times daily for 4 weeks. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Standards to be withdrawn, EPPO Bulletin, 48, 3, (538-539), (2018). [doi.org]
Neurologic
- Nystagmus
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI), brinzolamide (Azopt), for treatment of nystagmus patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
Microbiology
- Staphylococcus Aureus
aureus Strains, Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 04, 07, (105), (2016). [doi.org]
- Legionella Pneumophila
Claudiu Supuran, Legionella pneumophila Carbonic Anhydrases: Underexplored Antibacterial Drug Targets, Pathogens, 5, 4, (44), (2016). [doi.org]
Treatment
The estimated average Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study equivalent improvement was 0.09 (slightly less than one line on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart) with a 95% confidence interval of 0.08 to 0.11. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
Carbonic anhydrase IX expression, a novel surrogate marker of tumor hypoxia, is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 473–482 (2003). 80. Dorai, T. et al. [nature.com]
Sung-Weon Choi, Joo-Young Kim, Joo-Yong Park, In-Ho Cha, Jin Kim and Sun Lee, Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX is associated with postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis in surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma, Human Pathology, 10.1016 [doi.org]
Epidemiology
Synthesizes a classical approach to the glaucomas-based on seven earlier editions spanning over 40 years-with the most up-to-date evidence-based and epidemiologically-derived classifications and outcomes.Coherently correlates with authoritative consensus [books.google.de]
The epidemiology of uric acid and fructose. Semin Nephrol. 2011 Sep. 31(5):410-9. [Medline]. [Full Text]. Bae J, Chun BY, Park PS, Choi BY, Kim MK, Shin MH, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Each disease-oriented section begins with an up-to-date review of pathophysiology and then focuses on specific diseases. [books.google.de]
Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of acetazolamide in the treatment of chronic mountain sickness and the importance of nocturnal hypoxemia in its pathophysiology. [doi.org]
[…] antiarrhythmic drugs. 6 iii) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents reduce the efficacy of thiazide diuretics. 6 iv) Thiazides can increase the blood levels of lithium. e) Clinical Uses Thiazides can be used to treat edema associated with a variety of pathophysiologic [uky.edu]
Prevention
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, particularly acetazolamide, have been used at high altitude for decades to prevent or reduce acute mountain sickness (AMS), a syndrome of symptomatic intolerance to altitude characterized by headache, nausea, fatigue [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Class Summary Prevent gouty arthritis attacks and nephropathy. Used to treat hyperuricemia secondary to diuretics or antineoplastics. Prevent recurrent uric acid nephrolithiasis. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Some diuretics inhibit the activity of carbonic anhydrase in proximal convoluted tubules and prevent reabsorption of bicarbonates from renal tubules. [en.wikipedia.org]