We discuss 2 patients with extension of carcinoma in situ into the seminal vesicles and replacement of the normally present cylindroid mucosal lining. Carcinoma in situ of the ureter, bladder and prostatic ducts also was present in both patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Frank hematuria was the presenting feature in 55% of cases. 15% presented with microscopic hematuria. 20% presented with irritative bladder symptoms. 10% were referred for abnormal urine cytology. [indianjurol.com]

MUC5A, MUC2, CK20, and c-erbB2 were positive in all 25 cases of urothelial carcinoma in situ with glandular differentiation, and CDX-2 was present in 19 cases; MUC1, CK7, or 34βE12 was focally present in 21, 19, and 18 cases, respectively. [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder presenting as peritoneal carcinomatosis has not been reported in the literature. [hindawi.com]

• Fever of Unknown Origin

  […] of unknown origin and pancytopenia caused by culture-proven delayed onset disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection after intravesical instillation. 61 Dammert P...Kass J 23576657 2013 21 A common MicroRNA signature consisting of miR-133a [malacards.org]

• Photosensitivity

  METHODS: Photofrin II was used as a photosensitizer (2 mg/kg) and in situ dosimetry to obtain the best possible central positioning of the light diffuser as well as to know exact dosimetry data (scattered plus nonscattered light). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The photosensitizer is injected into a vein, travels through the bloodstream and is picked up and incorporated into cancer cells. [news.cancerconnect.com]

• Nocturia

  Patients may present with dysuria, nocturia, and urinary frequency and urgency with microscopic hematuria. Cystoscopic findings may range from unremarkable to erythema or edema. Urine cytology is an important diagnostic tool. [jnccn.org]

  Dysuria refers to difficult urination.[1][2] Painful urination is also sometimes, but rarely, described as dysuria.[3] It is one of a constellation of irritative bladder symptoms (also sometimes referred to as lower urinary tract symptoms), which includes nocturia [en.wikipedia.org]

  Managing symptoms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer [ 10 ] Bladder symptoms: Palliative radiotherapy may benefit those with symptoms of haematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency or nocturia caused by advanced bladder cancer. [patient.info]

  His age and high likelihood of concomitant symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) make it very important to distinguish the classic obstructive symptoms of BPH (weak stream, hesitancy, intermittency, nocturia) from irritative voiding symptoms [clinicaladvisor.com]

C 18 Complete blood count, blood chemistry tests, liver function tests, chest radiography, and CT or magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis should be included in the metastatic workup for invasive bladder cancer. [aafp.org]

Diagnostic workup 6.1. Biopsy of the red velvet lesion The diagnosis of CIS can be challenging task due to the flat nature of the lesion, where the mucosa containing the lesion could be unremarkable or simply an erosion [21]. [intechopen.com]

All adult patients with new onset hematuria should undergo a standard diagnostic workup including office cystoscopy, urine cytology, urinalysis and culture, and contrast-enhanced abdominal and pelvic cross-sectional imaging studies (CT or MRI). [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

• Normocytic Normochromic Anemia

  Mild normocytic, normochromic anemia of malignancy is not uncommon in patients with bladder cancer. Leukocytosis can be caused by urinary tract infection. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

No patient discontinued therapy due to treatment-related adverse effects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If you have bladder cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. [cancer.ca]

Patients with metastatic disease, in contrast, have a poor prognosis (5-year survival of 6%) 4. [radiopaedia.org]

However, patient prognosis in the 2 groups was not significantly different. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] system existence of different histologic types of bladder cancer: sqamous cell carcinoma, herein described transitional cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma, rare poorly differenciated carcinoma/small cell carcinoma, exceptional Disease cancer of the urothelium Etiology [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

In adult females, the most common etiology is ovarian adenocarcinoma, although carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, or breast, or primary peritoneal carcinoma can produce this clinical syndrome. [hindawi.com]

Microscopic hematuria has a prevalence of 2% to 31%, depending upon age, sex, and other factors.[3] Glomerular hematuria[edit] A glomerular etiology is suggested by dysmorphic red blood cells, protein, and cellular casts in the urine.[3] This requires [en.wikipedia.org]

Advances in the etiology of urothelial cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 1984;11(4):557-566. 6. Burch JD, Rohan TE, Howe GR, et al. Risk of bladder cancer by source and type of tobacco exposure: a case-control study. Int J Cancer. 1989;44(4):622-628. 7. [aafp.org]

One focal area of increased tracer activity in the anterior right sixth rib of indeterminate etiology. Recommends radiographs in followups. We discussed surgery options with the doctor. He recommends the bladder be removed and so far we agree. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

[…] definition, no invasion into lamina propria Note: high grade non-invasive papillary lesions are NOT designated carcinoma in situ to avoid confusion Terminology Also known as high grade intraurothelial neoplasia (HG IUN), severe dysplasia (sometimes) Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract TCCs in other locations: transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter other histologies: squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder adenocarcinoma of the bladder Epidemiology [radiopaedia.org]

[…] carcinoma, exceptional Disease cancer of the urothelium Etiology most often secondary to bilharzial infection (schistosoma haematobium), may be associated with other types of long term irritations: chronic infections, calculi, treatment with cyclophosphamid Epidemiology [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

AH Al-Zalabani et al., “Modifiable risk factors for the prevention of bladder cancer: a systematic review of meta-analyses”, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 31, no. 9, 2016, pp. 811–51. Download PDF Order FREE booklet [cancervic.org.au]

European Journal of Epidemiology. 31 (9): 811–51. doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0138-6. PMC 5010611. PMID 27000312. ^ "Cancer Genetics Browser". cancer.sanger.ac.uk. [en.wikipedia.org]

Terence Friedlander reviews the basic biology and pathophysiology of bladder cancer, focusing on methods used to detect bladder cancer, treatment of early-stage disease with therapies administered into the bladder, the role of surgery or radiation therapy [youtube.com]

Porth pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states (1st Canadian ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 660. ISBN 978-1-60547-781-7. ^ Robbins S, Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N (2007). [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology Ta and Tis have distinct molecular pathways and clinical course. Two distinct molecular pathways of oncogenesis and tumor progression are recognized in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (Ta). [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Abstract There are theoretical limits to the efficacy of intravesical instillation of anticancer agents as a method to prevent recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

TUR alone is effective in preventing recurrences in approximately 50% of patients with superficial bladder cancer. [news.cancerconnect.com]

It helps to prevent the tumor from coming back and helps prevent development of muscle invasive disease. About 6 weeks after completing the BCG, the doctor will do a cystoscopy again to make sure all of the cancer is gone. [urology.wustl.edu]