Presented with midline ulcerated mass. Diagnosis: Squamous cell carcinoma, arising actinic cheilitis 64 year old male with a long history of cigarette smoking presents with an a symetrical nodular mass in the retromolar region. [oralcancerfoundation.org]

[…] at presentation in 30-59% of cases Contralateral nodes present in 7.8% of cases [medicine.uiowa.edu]

A new external radiotherapy system has been developed for head and neck cancer and a case with T2 oral floor carcinoma treated with this system is presented in this report. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

No cancer cells are present in deeper layers of tissue, nearby structures, lymph nodes or distant sites (carcinoma in situ). [cancercenter.com]

Specific MR cancer protocols are presented in Appendix B. [radiologykey.com]

• Pathologist

  The book was designed to be a comprehensive textbook crossing all disciplines and representing a wide spectrum of specialists throughout the country, including surgical, radiation, and medical oncologists, as well as dentists, pathologists, radiologists [books.google.com]

  Appropriate management requires multidisciplinary intervention by experienced oral pathologists, head and neck surgeons, medical oncologists, and diagnostic head and neck radiologists. [headneckandthyroid.com]

  Mouth cancer is treated by a team of specialists ranging from: oncologists (cancer specialists radiotherapists oncosurgeons cosmetic surgeons and plastic surgeons for reconstruction after surgery oncology nurses pathologists dental surgeons dieticians [news-medical.net]

  This tissue is sent to a pathologist to define which types of cells are making up the tumor. With tumors of the oral cavity, biopsies can often be done safely in the office. [ahns.info]

• Lymphadenopathy

  Start first with an extra-oral examination, palpating for any lesions or lymphadenopathy in the neck, submandibular, and submental regions. [oralhealthgroup.com]

  […] which are associated with carcinoma at diagnosis in 20% of cases Clinical features Painless, inflamed superficial ulcer with poorly defined margins Frequently asymptomatic for long periods so patient may first present with a neck mass due to metastatic lymphadenopathy [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Examination of the neck should include both sides and all cervical triangles to detect regional lymphadenopathy. As described above, the submandibular triangles are palpated bimanually with a glove-lined finger. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Even if the neck mass is not evident on casual inspection, careful palpation may reveal cervical lymphadenopathy. Sore throat, ear pain, foreign body or mass sensation, and bleeding may occur. [patient.info]

  In high-risk patients, the red, velvety lesion appears long before any ulceration, bleeding, induration, dysfunction, pain or lymphadenopathy arises. Biopsy is mandatory for any persistent red lesion without an obvious cause. [aafp.org]

• Hoarseness

  Some patients complain of numbness in the tongue or other areas of the mouth, while others experience persistent hoarseness. [livestrong.com]

  […] neck, or ear Persistent sores on the face, neck, or mouth that bleed easily and do not heal within 2 weeks A soreness or feeling that something is caught in the back of the throat Difficulty chewing or swallowing, speaking, or moving the jaw or tongue Hoarseness [webmd.com]

  […] over 3 weeks a lump or thickening of the skin or lining of the mouth pain when swallowing loose teeth with no apparent reason poorly fitting dentures jaw pain or stiffness sore throat a sensation that something is stuck in the throat painful tongue hoarse [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Jak ~ Age 13 ~ Larynx Cancer JAK from the UK Symptoms: Hoarse voice Treatment: Surgery, Chemo, Radiation Delay in Diagnosis: 1.5 years We were told Jak’s hoarseness was psychosocial from his Tourettes. After a year, his breathing became difficult. [sixstepscreening.org]

• Dysphagia

  Dysphagia can lead to malnutrition and food going down the wrong way, leading to choking, lung infections, or aspiration pneumonia. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Mouth & Throat Cancer Symptom Dysphagia Dysphagia has many causes. First, there may be physical (anatomical) obstruction to the passage of food. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Treatment may lead to pain, xerostomia, infections, poor wound healing, dysphagia, fistula formation, trismus, potential disfigurement and fatigue. Buccal mucosa cancer The tumour is usually at the level of the occlusal plane or below it. [patient.info]

  He presented with severe dysphagia (trouble swallowing) and on examination was found to have a very small airway. He underwent an emergency tracheotomy (breathing hole placed in the neck) under local anesthesia no IV sedation or analgesia was given. [entusa.com]

• Poor Oral Hygiene

  Poor oral hygiene – not brushing or getting cleanings regularly Poor hydration Male gender Age > 50 years A careful inspection of your mouth should be done by a skilled otolaryngologist, like Dr. Bailey, or your dentist. [drseanbaileystlent.com]

  oral cancer; and poor oral hygiene. [myvmc.com]

  Risk factors may include: Tobacco use Regular and heavy alcohol consumption Advancing age Sun exposure Poor diet Poor oral hygiene Gum disease Habitual chewing of the lips or cheeks Irritants, such as breathing in smoky, or constantly polluted, atmospheres [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  The consumption of 40 or more tobacco cigarettes and 7 or more ounces of alcohol per day increases the incidence of oral cancer to 3-5 times that in controls. The addition of poor oral hygiene and poor dentition can increase the risk 8-fold. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Lesion of the Tongue

  Q: I have a premalignant lesion on the tongue will this spread to other parts of my mouth or body? A: Oral premalignant lesions do not typically spread as would a cancer or an infection. However, these lesions can transform into a cancer over time. [maaom.memberclicks.net]

  Lesions of the tongue may occur in different frequencies, depending on the specific location of the tongue examined. The tongue can be divided into three zones; the anterior dorsal (top front), posterior dorsal (top back) and ventral (underside). [oralhealthgroup.com]

  Robin ~ Age 32 ~ Stage II Tongue Cancer ~ Casual Smoker ROBIN from Connecticut Symptoms: Painful lesion on tongue Treatment: Surgery: Half my tongue removed and reconstructed. Neck dissection. [sixstepscreening.org]

• Halitosis

  Bad breath (a.k.a. halitosis), bleeding and referred pain to the ear are typically signs of oral cancer that has already spread to the surrounding tissue and structures of the head and neck. [drseanbaileystlent.com]

  Referred pain to the ear (through the lingual nerve), halitosis, evidence of regional lymph node involvement, and bleeding are signs of advanced disease. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Tooth Loss

  Side effects of treatment Depending on the size, type and location of the cancer, and the treatments used, side effects can include: Tooth loss – if loose or bad teeth are left in place, then there is a danger that radiotherapy treatment will result in [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

• Skin Ulcer

  Radiotherapy has side effects like: sore skin ulcers in the mouth fatigue dry mouth loss of, or changes in, taste loss of appetite nausea bad breath etc. [news-medical.net]

• Fear

  They are so fearful, so afraid, as we all are. I don't know what to tell them anymore. They have seen me struggle with this disease; they have seen all the ups and the downs. [mouthcancerfoundation.org]

  But the fear of it returning is constant. I cannot stress the importance of good medical practitioners, screenings at ever dental visit, and awareness raising. [sixstepscreening.org]

• Neck Mass

  mass due to metastatic lymphadenopathy May have discomfort or pain under the mobile tongue, difficulty with protraction or swallowing, speech impairment Grading Grade 1: Well differentiated Grade 2: Moderately differentiated Grade 3: Poorly differentiated [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Patients with tonsillar carcinomas may present with a neck mass, usually in the jugulodigastric region. Even if the neck mass is not evident on casual inspection, careful palpation may reveal cervical lymphadenopathy. [patient.info]

  If the tumor has grown with relatively few symptoms or if the patient has neglected its initial signs, the patient may first present with a neck mass, by which time the tumor has metastasized. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Confusion

  It can be confused with many other conditions and evaluation by a physician is mandatory to make sure other serious problems are not present. Often the condition is caused by a reaction to medications. [entusa.com]

  Melanoma is often confused with pigmentation changes due to the silver in fillings. Melanoma of the mucous tissue is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. The prognosis is normally poor-but in my case it is not progressing. [sixstepscreening.org]

• Slurred Speech

  speech) A change in the way your teeth or dentures fit together Dramatic weight loss A lump in the neck If you notice any of these changes, contact a health care professional immediately for an exam. [webmd.com]

This was probably due to the short treatment period of our regimen. There is accumulating evidence that suggests overall treatment time is a definite prognostic factor. [academic.oup.com]

Following primary treatment of cancer with surgery or radiation therapy, consolidation chemotherapy has a particular role in the completion of advanced cancer treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]

This way people can get the best treatment available now and may also get the new treatments that are thought to be even better. [cancer.org]

Treatment Options by Stage For information about the treatments listed below, see the Treatment Option Overview section. [cancer.gov]

The prognosis for patients with oral cancer depends upon the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. [headneckandthyroid.com]

Buccal mucosa cancers have a better prognosis than tongue or hard palate cancers. [health.am]

Imaging findings, treatment and prognosis are sometimes subsite -specific and are therefore in some cases discussed separately: squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar [radiopaedia.org]

Expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was reported higher in cells of BSCC than in cells of SCC, suggesting an aggressive behavior. [8] In conclusion, BSSCs have been reported to have poorer prognosis as compared to SCCs. [jomfp.in]

Of note, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an etiological factor for squamous cell carcinoma is strongest oral cavity (compared to other regions in the head and neck), with HPV DNA isolated from up to 50% of cases, and thought responsible for [radiopaedia.org]

Interaction between Chronic Inflammation and Oral HPV Infection in the Etiology of Head and Neck Cancers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Tobacco and alcohol have additive effects on oral cancer. Tobacco includes smokeless tobacco derivatives, such as snuff and betel nut. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The etiologic role of these factors is not well understood, and methods for modifying them need to be developed. [aafp.org]

Chronic sun exposure is the most common cause, but smoking can also be an etiology. The picture on the right shows a T2 N0 (tumor size between 2 to 4 cm, with no lymph node spread) squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. [entusa.com]

As they share epidemiology, pathology and general principles with other squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract, those topics are covered there. Below are a few general comments specific to the oral cavity. [radiopaedia.org]

Oral Oncol 34:284–291. 7- Ho T, Wei Q, Sturgis EM (2007) Epidemiology of carcinogen metabolism genes and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. [otorrinocontiplanes.com]

"Epidemiology of oral cancer in Arab countries". Saudi Medical Journal. 37 (3): 249–55. doi : 10.15537/smj.2016.3.11388. PMC 4800887. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] the lower alveolar ridge to the undersurface of the tongue Posterior boundary is base of anterior pillar of tonsil Divided into two sides by the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands SCC of floor of mouth is categorized under SCC of oral cavity Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

The epidemiology of oral HPV infection among a multinational sample of healthy men. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] mouth is categorized under SCC of oral cavity Epidemiology Age: fifth - sixth decade; 85 - 95% are males 5% of all cancers in United States and 50% in India Sites In decreasing order of frequency: anterior, lateral or posterior part of floor of mouth Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Pathophysiology The head and neck region has rich vascularity, which is an advantage for treating cancer in this region. In addition, this vascularity increases the metastasis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the end product of an unregulated proliferation of mucous basal cells. [en.wikipedia.org]

Prevention Although the role of secondary prevention is controversial, primary prevention through avoiding or limiting tobacco and alcohol use is strongly recommended. [aafp.org]

Britain's National Health Service (NHS) runs a fracture prevention program, but this is aimed at preventing secondary fractures only. [cnbc.com]

These cancers are very treatable if caught early, and are easily preventable. The most common causes of head and neck cancer are tobacco and alcohol use. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

No one is exempt from developing this condition but it can be prevented or, at least in its earliest form, eradicated before it develops into oral cancer. [colgate.com]

About mouth cancer Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Prevention Further information Sources Related topics About mouth cancer Mouth cancer is a type of head and neck cancer. [global.ihi.com]