Presented with midline ulcerated mass. Diagnosis: Squamous cell carcinoma, arising actinic cheilitis 64 year old male with a long history of cigarette smoking presents with an a symetrical nodular mass in the retromolar region. [oralcancerfoundation.org]

A 54-year-old woman presented to a dental clinic with a 1-year history of oral swelling and a sore mouth. [nejm.org]

Numbers show each treatment plan (i.e. ‘1’ for a conventional parallel-opposed plan and ‘2’ for the present RTRT 4-beam plan). Figure 3. Dose–volume histogram (DVH). [academic.oup.com]

These may present as a tumor over the neck. There are symptoms like sore throat, pain over the ear and feelings of something stuck in the throat. There may be bleeding. [news-medical.net]

But patients normally presents when pain and discomfort is predominant and then the prognosis becomes poor. [oralcancerawareness.org]

• Pain

  The pain often goes from the mouth or throat into the ear. Swollen and painful or painless lumps over the neck. These are swollen lymph nodes. Difficulty in opening the mouth or chewing. This is seen in cancers near the opening of the mouth. [news-medical.net]

  White or red patches on lips, gum, tongue or mouth lining A lump which can be felt inside the mouth or on the neck Pain or difficulty chewing, swallowing or speaking Hoarseness lasting a long time Numbness or pain in any area of the mouth that doesn’t [preventcancer.org]

  After nine months, when eating became painful and he had ear pain, he went to a doctor who said it was stage IV and inoperable. [sixstepscreening.org]

  He may also experience pain and difficulty in swallowing due to throat pain. The doctor will physically examine the individual for checking the presence of cancerous growth in the mouth. [diseasespictures.com]

  The oral cancer symptoms that may require attention are somatic pain from bone metastases, visceral pain from liver or lung metastases and neurogenic pain if nerve tissue is compressed. [myvmc.com]

• Swelling

  A 54-year-old woman presented to a dental clinic with a 1-year history of oral swelling and a sore mouth. [nejm.org]

  And because early detection is crucial in overcoming this disease, you'll want to visit your doctor immediately if any of the following symptoms persist for more than two weeks: Sores, swellings, lumps or thick patches anywhere in or around your mouth [colgate.com]

  […] red patches on lips, gum, tongue or mouth lining A lump which can be felt inside the mouth or on the neck Pain or difficulty chewing, swallowing or speaking Hoarseness lasting a long time Numbness or pain in any area of the mouth that doesn’t go away Swelling [preventcancer.org]

  […] in teeth or gums Change in the fit of dentures or partial dentures Visible change in mouth tissue Unpleasant sensations (pain, discomfort, numbness) Diminished ability to perform normal functions such as opening jaw, chewing or swallowing Unexplained swelling [gotoapro.org]

  Note any masses, ulceration, or swelling. When there is a nerve paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve, the tongue will usually deviate to the side of the lesion. [dentistryiq.com]

• Inflammation

   Increased mitotic activity  Well differentiated  Keratin pearls (abnormal keratinization)  Hyperchromatic nuclei  Pleomorphism  Epithelium islands  Connective tissue stroma with chronic inflammation (histiocytes, lymphocytes, etc.) 21. [slideshare.net]

  Erythroplakia This is characterized by red velvety patch, which is not associated with any trauma or inflammation. It may present with or without leucoplakia. This lesion is easily missed out but is considered to have great malignancy potential. [oralcancerawareness.org]

  Radiotherapy can have side-effects such as causing painful inflammation of the lining of your mouth. This can be painful and you may need painkillers for a few weeks until your mouth begins to heal. [global.ihi.com]

  The following mild adverse effects are possible: nausea diarrhea breathlessness inflammation of the eyes, or conjunctivitis Around 3 percent of patients will have an allergic reaction to cetuximab. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Sore throat or mouth : Radiation therapy can cause painful ulcers and inflammation. Your doctor can suggest medicines to help control the pain. Your doctor also may suggest special rinses to numb the throat and mouth to help relieve the soreness. [medicinenet.com]

• Candidiasis

  Differential diagnosis Actinic keratosis Oral candidiasis Leukoplakia Lichen planus Presentation Tongue cancer Malignancies of the tongue may grow to significant size before they cause symptoms. [patient.info]

• Crying

  About half way into radiation, I broke down crying because of all the pain, so my mom said she would drive me. That day literally was amazing. [sixstepscreening.org]

• Dysphagia

  It can affect the appearance of your mouth and make speaking and swallowing difficult (dysphagia). Dysphagia can be a potentially serious problem. [nhs.uk]

  This is called dysphagia and is usually seen if the pharynx or the throat is involved Pain or bleeding from within the mouth A loose tooth or teeth that occurs without any trauma, injury or reason Pain over the neck and jaws that refuses to relent Hoarseness [news-medical.net]

  Dysphagia can lead to malnutrition and food going down the wrong way, leading to choking, lung infections, or aspiration pneumonia. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  As the lesions increase in size, pain, dysarthria, and dysphagia may result. Biopsy Endoscopy to detect second primary cancer Chest x-ray and CT of head and neck Any suspicious areas should be biopsied. [merckmanuals.com]

   Infection, pain, and bleeding  Dehydration and malnutrition due to dysphagia  Xerostomia due to injury to the glands that produce saliva.  Trismus due to damage to the muscles and joints of the jaw and neck.  Hypovascularization (reduction in [slideshare.net]

• Jaw Pain

  Other mouth cancer symptoms may include: Persistent tongue and/or jaw pain A lump or thickening in the inside of the mouth A white or red patch on the gums, tongue, tonsil or lining of the mouth Difficulty swallowing or chewing Difficulty moving the jaw [cancercenter.com]

  Other symptoms of floor of mouth cancer may include: A sore in the mouth that continues to grow Mouth pain Dentures that no longer fit White, red or dark patches inside the mouth Difficulty moving the jaw Jaw pain or swelling Numb mouth Severe ear pain [cedars-sinai.edu]

  […] or tongue loose teeth numbness in your tongue or another part of your mouth pain around your teeth or in your jaw pain or irritation in the mouth that doesn't go away unexplained weight loss swelling in your jaw a lump or mass in your neck the constant [drugs.com]

  or a mass in the neck Jaw pain or swelling Difficulty swallowing, chewing, speaking, or moving the tongue or jaw Numb tongue or area of the mouth Loose teeth or dentures Persistent bad breath Causes and Risk Factors While the exact cause of oral cancer [verywell.com]

• Xerostomia

  Some of the complications that may occur post- cancer treatment are radiotherapy - or chemotherapy-induced mucositis (inflamed mouth), oral ulceration, bleeding, infections, pain, xerostomia (dry mouth) and caries (holes in the teeth). [dermnetnz.org]

   Infection, pain, and bleeding  Dehydration and malnutrition due to dysphagia  Xerostomia due to injury to the glands that produce saliva.  Trismus due to damage to the muscles and joints of the jaw and neck.  Hypovascularization (reduction in [slideshare.net]

  This causes a permanently dry mouth (xerostomia). Management strategies can include taking medication to increase the amount of saliva produced, or regularly using a prescribed gel or spray of artificial saliva preparations. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  Treatment may lead to pain, xerostomia, infections, poor wound healing, dysphagia, fistula formation, trismus, potential disfigurement and fatigue. Buccal mucosa cancer The tumour is usually at the level of the occlusal plane or below it. [patient.info]

  Secondary outcomes There were the following severe acute adverse effects in both groups (Robertson 1998): subcutaneous fibrosis, telangiectasia (1 cm² to 4 cm²), and moderate to severe oedema, xerostomia, trismus and dysphagia. [cochranelibrary.com]

• Poor Oral Hygiene

  Other risk factors can include: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) family history of mouth cancers poor oral hygiene and gum disease exposure to the sun chewing the seed of the areca palm tree (sometimes called areca or betel nut). [cancer.org.au]

  oral cancer; and poor oral hygiene. [myvmc.com]

  Risk factors may include: Tobacco use Regular and heavy alcohol consumption Advancing age Sun exposure Poor diet Poor oral hygiene Gum disease Habitual chewing of the lips or cheeks Irritants, such as breathing in smoky, or constantly polluted, atmospheres [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

• Lesion of the Tongue

  Q: I have a premalignant lesion on the tongue will this spread to other parts of my mouth or body? A: Oral premalignant lesions do not typically spread as would a cancer or an infection. However, these lesions can transform into a cancer over time. [maaom.memberclicks.net]

  Robin ~ Age 32 ~ Stage II Tongue Cancer ~ Casual Smoker ROBIN from Connecticut Symptoms: Painful lesion on tongue Treatment: Surgery: Half my tongue removed and reconstructed. Neck dissection. [sixstepscreening.org]

• Dental Caries

  Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue may also result from any chronic irritation, such as dental caries, overuse of mouthwash, chewing tobacco, or the use of betel quid. [merckmanuals.com]

  Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy: mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis. Cancer medicine, 6 (12), 2918-2931. Vokes, E. [oncolink.org]

• Keratosis

  A white or grayish patch inside your mouth or on your lips is called leukoplakia, or keratosis. An irritant like a rough tooth, broken denture, or tobacco can cause cell overgrowth and produce these patches. [healthline.com]

  Differential diagnosis Actinic keratosis Oral candidiasis Leukoplakia Lichen planus Presentation Tongue cancer Malignancies of the tongue may grow to significant size before they cause symptoms. [patient.info]

• Skin Disease

  […] about skin diseases See the DermNet NZ bookstore. [dermnetnz.org]

• Skin Rash

  Chemotherapy Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause some of the same side effects, including skin rashes, painful mouth and gums, dry mouth, infection, and changes in taste. [medicinenet.com]

• Neck Mass

  mass due to metastatic lymphadenopathy May have discomfort or pain under the mobile tongue, difficulty with protraction or swallowing, speech impairment Grading Grade 1: Well differentiated Grade 2: Moderately differentiated Grade 3: Poorly differentiated [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Other symptoms include: A sore on the lip that doesn't heal Persistent lip pain or lip numbness A lump or thickening on the lip A white or red patch on the lip A neck mass Treatments for lip cancer Our goal is to treat lip cancer in ways that cause as [cancercenter.com]

  Patients with tonsillar carcinomas may present with a neck mass, usually in the jugulodigastric region. Even if the neck mass is not evident on casual inspection, careful palpation may reveal cervical lymphadenopathy. [patient.info]

  If an adult has a neck mass that does not go away, a needle biopsy and/or CT scan may be necessary to diagnose the cause. [entnet.org]

All patients included for analysis had undergone a standard metastatic workup and all were staged M0 at the time of diagnosis. All patients were treated with curative intent. [journalotohns.biomedcentral.com]

• Polyps

   Retinoblastoma – tumor of the retina of the eye Polyposis coli syndrome – polyps that grow in the colon and rectum Other colon, breast and kidney cancers Cause: loss of a segment of DNA or a change in the coding sequence of DNA   Detection – DNA [slideshare.net]

  A GP told us he had polyps and scheduled surgery, during which they found the tumor. We were told if it had been left any longer, he would be dead. Jak is the 4th kid in the UK to ever have SCC of the larynx. [sixstepscreening.org]

Treatment in Alberta with curative intent Exclusion criteria were defined as 1. Previous oral cavity cancer with or without treatment. 2. Refusal of prescribed treatment 3. Treatment with palliative intent 4. [journalotohns.biomedcentral.com]

This was probably due to the short treatment period of our regimen. There is accumulating evidence that suggests overall treatment time is a definite prognostic factor. [academic.oup.com]

The medicines will usually be tested against another treatment called a control. This will either be a dummy treatment (a placebo) or a standard treatment already in use. [nhs.uk]

What are the treatment options for mouth cancer? Mouth cancer treatments which may be considered include radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy. [patient.info]

Treatment Options by Stage For information about the treatments listed below, see the Treatment Option Overview section. [cancer.gov]

But patients normally presents when pain and discomfort is predominant and then the prognosis becomes poor. [oralcancerawareness.org]

Prognosis of mouth cancer While it is not possible to predict the exact course of a disease, your doctor may give you a prognosis, the likely outcome of your disease based on the type of cancer, your test results and the rate of tumour growth. [cancer.org.au]

Imaging findings, treatment and prognosis are sometimes subsite -specific and are therefore in some cases discussed separately: squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar [radiopaedia.org]

The proliferative lesion, although it looks dangerous, is easily treatable and long-term prognosis is good, as the metastasis to the local lymph nodes is relatively late. [patient.info]

Of note, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an etiological factor for squamous cell carcinoma is strongest oral cavity (compared to other regions in the head and neck), with HPV DNA isolated from up to 50% of cases, and thought responsible for [radiopaedia.org]

The etiology is unknown. But a number of etiological factors have been implicated. [slideshare.net]

Certain HPV strains are etiologic risk factors for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) It is important to note that over 25% of all oral cancers occur in people who do not smoke and who only drink alcohol occasionally. [webmd.com]

Oral human papillomavirus (HPV), typically acquired via oral-genital contact, may have a role in the etiology of some oral cancers; however, HPV is identified in oral cancer much less often than it is in oropharyngeal cancer. [merckmanuals.com]

Some studies in Australia, Brazil and Germany pointed to alcohol-containing mouthwashes as also being etiologic agents in the oral cancer risk family. Chewing betel, paan and Areca is known to be a strong risk factor for developing oral cancer. [disabled-world.com]

As they share epidemiology, pathology and general principles with other squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract, those topics are covered there. Below are a few general comments specific to the oral cavity. [radiopaedia.org]

Oral Oncol 34:284–291. 7- Ho T, Wei Q, Sturgis EM (2007) Epidemiology of carcinogen metabolism genes and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. [otorrinocontiplanes.com]

Leitlinie, Definition, Malignom, Onkologie, Leitlinie, Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie, Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, DKG, Qualitätsindikator, Mundhöhlenkarzinom, Oropharynxkarzinom cancer, carcinoma, cancerous, carcinomatous, tumor, diagnosis, therapy, epidemiology [leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de]

Epidemiology and pathological trends in oral squamous cell carcinoma in a local tertiary care hospital. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2017; 4 (12): 4440. [ Links ] 41. [scielo.edu.uy]

[…] the lower alveolar ridge to the undersurface of the tongue Posterior boundary is base of anterior pillar of tonsil Divided into two sides by the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands SCC of floor of mouth is categorized under SCC of oral cavity Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] mouth is categorized under SCC of oral cavity Epidemiology Age: fifth - sixth decade; 85 - 95% are males 5% of all cancers in United States and 50% in India Sites In decreasing order of frequency: anterior, lateral or posterior part of floor of mouth Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Pathophysiology In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), modern DNA technology, especially allelic imbalance (loss of heterozygosity) studies, have identified chromosomal changes suggestive of the involvement of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] say whether the HPV vaccine will prevent these cancers. [mouthhealthy.org]

BC Cancer's Oral Cancer Prevention Program works with dentists and dental hygienists to prevent the development of oral cancer, and to detect it at the earliest possible stage. [bccancer.bc.ca]

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004. P.63-67 2. International Agency for Research on Cancer. [canada.ca]

Preventing mouth cancer The three most effective ways of preventing mouth cancer developing, or preventing it coming back after successful treatment, are: not smoking ensuring you don't drink more than the recommended weekly limits for alcohol eating [nhs.uk]

These cancers are very treatable if caught early, and are easily preventable. The most common causes of head and neck cancer are tobacco and alcohol use. [my.clevelandclinic.org]