Treatment Cardiovascular Disease Treatment options depend on how your condition is presenting itself. Making certain lifestyle changes is vital to improving and potentially preventing cardiovascular disease. [irishheart.ie]

Completed April 2019 Recommended (sufficient evidence) Completed February 2019 Recommended (sufficient evidence) Completed December 2017 Recommended (strong evidence) Completed August 2017 Recommended (sufficient evidence) Completed August 2017 Pages Presentations [thecommunityguide.org]

[…] and is presented in collaboration with the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health and the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Follow the conference on Twitter at #EPILifestyle20. [scitechdaily.com]

The increasing sophistication of equipment has made it possible to examine the heart and the great vessels from 16 to 18 weeks of gestation onward and to determine whether defects are present. [britannica.com]

• Pain

  The five most common symptoms of a heart attack are: Chest pressure or pain Shortness of breath Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck or back Feeling weak, lightheaded, or nauseous Women often have different symptoms [health.ny.gov]

  While chest pain or discomfort is the most common symptom of a heart attack, women often have different symptoms of coronary artery disease than men. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Symptoms of heart disease vary based on what condition you have and can include: chest pain pain, weakness or numb legs and/or arms breathlessness very fast or slow heartbeat, or palpitations feeling dizzy, lightheaded or faint fatigue swollen limbs. [bhf.org.uk]

  Symptoms of a heart attack include: pain or discomfort in the centre of the chest; pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back. [who.int]

  A partial blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries can result in a lack of enough oxygenated blood (ischemia) thus causing symptoms such as angina (chest pain) and dyspnea (shortness of breath). [canada.ca]

• Weakness

  Some of the symptoms of heart failure: Shortness of breath Difficulty breathing when lying down Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet General fatigue and weakness. [health.ny.gov]

  Symptoms of heart disease vary based on what condition you have and can include: chest pain pain, weakness or numb legs and/or arms breathlessness very fast or slow heartbeat, or palpitations feeling dizzy, lightheaded or faint fatigue swollen limbs. [bhf.org.uk]

  Damage may occur to the part of the brain where the blood supply is reduced or the haemorrhage occurs, causing loss of consciousness, weakness, numbness, paralysis, dizziness, loss of balance, blurred or decreased vision, and difficulty in speaking or [jeanhailes.org.au]

  Coronary artery disease or high blood pressure can, over time, leave the heart too stiff or weak to fill and pump properly. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Other symptoms that can occur with coronary artery disease include: Shortness of breath Palpitations (irregular heartbeats, skipped beats or a “flip-flop” feeling in your chest) A faster heartbeat Dizziness Nausea Extreme weakness Unusual fatigue Sudden [my.clevelandclinic.org]

• Fatigue

  Some of the symptoms of heart failure: Shortness of breath Difficulty breathing when lying down Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet General fatigue and weakness. [health.ny.gov]

  Symptoms of a heart attack in women include: Pain or discomfort in the chest, left arm, or back Unusually rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Nausea or fatigue It is important to get help right away if any of these symptoms occur. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Symptoms of heart disease vary based on what condition you have and can include: chest pain pain, weakness or numb legs and/or arms breathlessness very fast or slow heartbeat, or palpitations feeling dizzy, lightheaded or faint fatigue swollen limbs. [bhf.org.uk]

  Blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, pressure increases in the heart, and the heart can’t supply enough blood and oxygen to the body’s cells, resulting in fatigue and shortness of breath. [thedacare.org]

  For instance, men are more likely to have chest pain; women are more likely to have other symptoms along with chest discomfort, such as shortness of breath, nausea and extreme fatigue. [mayoclinic.org]

• Fishing

  It is probably the omega-3 fatty acids in the fish oil that help to reduce the build-up of small fatty lumps called atheroma. [patient.info]

  Fish In countries where fish consumption is high there is a reduced risk of death from all causes as well as cardiovascular mortality. [world-heart-federation.org]

  A balanced diet includes: low levels of saturated fat (found in foods such as fatty cuts of meat, lard, cream, cakes and biscuits) – try to include healthier sources of fat, such as oily fish, nuts and seeds, and olive oil low levels of salt – aim for [nhs.uk]

  Follow a heart-healthy diet: Eating foods that contain polyunsaturated fats and omega-3, such as oily fish, alongside fruits and vegetables can support heart health and reduce the risk of CVD. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  These foods include: oily fish avocados nuts and seeds sunflower oil rapeseed olive oil Weight management If you are overweight or obese, you can lose weight and maintain a healthy weight with a combination of regular exercise and a calorie-controlled [hse.ie]

• Weight Loss

  This decreased bedtime variability was associated with weight loss. [scitechdaily.com]

  A Patient Page on heart disease and women was published in the December 25, 2002, issue; one on obesity and weight loss was published in the April 9, 2003, issue; and one on smoking and the heart was published in the July 2, 2003, issue. [jamanetwork.com]

  Many people may have difficulty losing weight. But for those above a healthy weight, a sustained weight loss of 3 to 5 percent of your body weight may lead to significant reductions in some risk factors. [heart.org]

  If you're struggling to lose weight, your GP or practice nurse can help you come up with a weight loss plan and recommend services in your area. Read more about losing weight and how your GP can help. [nhs.uk]

  For pretty much all kinds of heart disease, lifestyle changes such as a heart-healthy diet, daily exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, and stress management are key. [verywellhealth.com]

• Periodontitis

  "Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12: CD009197. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009197.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6953391. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Heart Disease

  Heart disease includes conditions that narrow or block blood vessels (coronary heart disease). This can lead to a heart attack, angina and some strokes. [bhf.org.uk]

  Cardiovascular disease, any of the diseases, whether congenital or acquired, of the heart and blood vessels. Among the most important are atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, and vascular inflammation. [britannica.com]

  Coronary Heart Disease Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common form of heart disease. It occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the heart narrow or harden from the build-up of plaque. [health.ny.gov]

  Coronary heart disease Also known as ischaemic heart disease, this is the most common form of heart disease in Australia. The two major forms of coronary heart disease are heart attack (also known as acute myocardial infarction) and angina. [www1.health.gov.au]

  The term cardiovascular disease encompasses diseases of the blood vessels, including coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems, or arrhythmias; heart infections; and congenital heart defects. [healio.com]

• Heart Failure

  heart failure visit the American Heart Association. [health.ny.gov]

  Heart failure Heart failure, sometimes called congestive heart failure, means the heart isn’t pumping blood as well as it should. Heart failure does not mean that the heart stops beating — that’s a common misperception. [heart.org]

  Heart Failure While a serious condition, heart failure does not mean that the heart is no longer working. Heart failure is when the heart’s ability to pump is weaker than normal. [thedacare.org]

  Their hearts can’t pump blood as well as they should. Without treatment, cardiomyopathies get worse. They can lead to heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms. [webmd.com]

• Hypertension

  Prior to diagnosing resistant hypertension, a number of other conditions should be excluded, including medication nonadherence, white coat hypertension, and secondary hypertension. [care.diabetesjournals.org]

  In addition, drug treatment of diabetes, hypertension and high blood lipids may be necessary to reduce cardiovascular risk and prevent heart attacks and strokes. [who.int]

  Hypertension and cardiovascular disease Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for heart disease and stroke today. There are at least 970 million people worldwide who have hypertension. [world-heart-federation.org]

  Adults* 45.6% Diabetes Mellitus, Diagnosed 9.8% Diabetes Mellitus, Undiagnosed 3.7% Chronic Kidney Disease 14.8% Recommended Exercise (2008 guidelines) 22.5% *Hypertension defined by 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for [acc.org]

  Cardiomyopathy – diseases of cardiac muscle Hypertensive heart disease – diseases of the heart secondary to high blood pressure or hypertension Heart failure - a clinical syndrome caused by the inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood to the [en.wikipedia.org]

• Tachycardia

  The initial recorded cardiac rhythm was ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, or shockable by automated external defibrillator in only 18.7%. Adult survival to hospital discharge was 10.4%; 8.4% had good functional status at discharge. [acc.org]

  Symptoms of arrhythmias may include fluttering in the chest; a racing heartbeat, or tachycardia; a slow heartbeat, or bradycardia; or fainting. [healio.com]

  Tachycardia, or a heart rate that’s too fast, refers to a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute. An arrhythmia can affect how well your heart works. [heart.org]

  Disorders of the heart’s electrical system generally tend to produce either heart rates that are too slow (bradycardia), or heart rates that are too fast (tachycardia). [verywellhealth.com]

  These include: tachycardia, when the heart beats too fast bradycardia, when the heart beats too slowly premature ventricular contractions, or additional, abnormal beats fibrillation, when the heartbeat is irregular Arrhythmias occur when the electrical [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Hypotension

  Potential adverse effects of antihypertensive therapy (e.g., hypotension, syncope, falls, acute kidney injury, and electrolyte abnormalities) should also be taken into account (28,39–41). [care.diabetesjournals.org]

• Social Isolation

  A chronically stressful life, social isolation, anxiety and depression also increase the risk. [world-heart-federation.org]

• Stroke

  Stroke An ischemic stroke (the most common type of stroke) occurs when a blood vessel that feeds the brain gets blocked, usually from a blood clot. When the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off, some brain cells will begin to die. [heart.org]

  Different Foods Linked to Risk for Ischemic, Hemorrhagic Stroke Risk for ischemic stroke lower with higher intake of fruit and vegetables, dietary fiber, milk, yogurt, cheese. [renalandurologynews.com]

  Related topics: atherosclerosis, angina, heart attack, stroke. Symptoms Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease usually refers to heart disease and stroke that is caused by a narrowing or blockage of a blood vessel. [irishheart.ie]

  Symptoms of heart attacks and strokes Often, there are no symptoms of the underlying disease of the blood vessels. A heart attack or stroke may be the first warning of underlying disease. [who.int]

  There are four main types of CVD: Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Peripheral arterial disease, Aortic disease. [imedpub.com]

• Headache

  […] onset of: numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech; difficulty seeing with one or both eyes; difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; severe headache [who.int]

• Hypercholesterolemia

  Approves First-in-Class Cholesterol Lowering Therapy The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Nexletol (bempedoic acid; Esperion) as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia [renalandurologynews.com]

  Hyperlipidemias are also classified according to which types of lipids are elevated, that is hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia or both in combined hyperlipidemia. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] level, for prevention of first heart attacks and strokes, individual health-care interventions need to be targeted to those at high total cardiovascular risk or those with single risk factor levels above traditional thresholds, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia [who.int]

  One of the inherited factors is high cholesterol level, known as familial hypercholesterolemia. If you have inherited this condition then you will experience a build up of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. [world-heart-federation.org]

  These agents have been approved as adjunctive therapy for patients with ASCVD or familial hypercholesterolemia who are receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy but require additional lowering of LDL cholesterol (98,99). [care.diabetesjournals.org]

• Torsades De Pointes

  A type of arrhythmia more common in women than in men is Torsade de Pointes (TdP). TdP events are rare but dangerous and can lead to sudden death. [fda.gov]

  de pointes who present with long QT syndrome as well as for the treatment of people with digoxin intoxication-induced arrhythmias.[167] There is no evidence to support omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.[168] Management Cardiovascular disease is treatable [en.wikipedia.org]

Additionally, there are a range of medicines and surgical treatments available for cardiovascular diseases. [www1.health.gov.au]

The programme aims to deliver the commitments set out in the Long Term Plan through: Improving and increasing early detection and treatment of CVD to help patients live longer, healthier lives. [england.nhs.uk]

Figure 10.1 Recommendations for the treatment of confirmed hypertension in people with diabetes. [care.diabetesjournals.org]

Cardiovascular Disease Treatments Treatments for cardiovascular diseases can differ by the type of condition. [webmd.com]

The overall prognosis for these individuals is in the worst-case scenario if uncontrolled and untreated individuals may die before the age of 20, but if one seeks a prudent diet with correct medical intervention, the individual may see an increased incidence [en.wikipedia.org]

People with diabetes are more likely to have a heart attack or stroke, than people who do not, and their prognosis is worse. If you have diabetes you can have a heart attack without realizing it. [world-heart-federation.org]

Passive smoking and the risk of coronary heart disease—a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. N Engl J Med 1999;340: 920-6. 8. Stein R. Inflammation may impair heart as much as cholesterol, Washington Post, 6 janvier 2005. 9. [passeportsante.net]

[…] and is presented in collaboration with the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health and the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Follow the conference on Twitter at #EPILifestyle20. [scitechdaily.com]

[…] and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden 9Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Correspondence to: H Song huan{at}hi.is or huan.song{at}ki.se Accepted 12 March 2019 [bmj.com]

PMID 14975468. ^ DECODE, European Diabetes Epidemiology Group (August 1999). "Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. The DECODE study group. European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. [en.wikipedia.org]

Please refer to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) position statement “Diabetes and Hypertension” for a detailed review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension (17). [care.diabetesjournals.org]

"Pathophysiology and treatment of atherosclerosis : Current view and future perspective on lipoprotein modification treatment". Netherlands Heart Journal. 25 (4): 231–242. doi:10.1007/s12471-017-0959-2. PMC 5355390. [en.wikipedia.org]

The ambitions complement the Long Term Plan and commit to a whole system approach to supporting England to be world leading in the prevention of CVD. [england.nhs.uk]

Two of the global targets directly focus on preventing and controlling CVDs. [who.int]

PMID 30894318. ^ US Preventive Services Task Force (March 2009). "Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement". [en.wikipedia.org]

This marked reduction reflects advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of common cardiovascular conditions. [healthaffairs.org]

Many types of CVD are preventable. [medicalnewstoday.com]