Abstract The present cross-sectional study assessed the potential relationships of carotenoid intake with lipid and oxidative stress markers in middle-aged men. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Drawing upon recent work with photosynthetic bacteria, evidence is presented as to how the carotenoids are organized within both portions of the photosynthetic unit (the light harvesting antenna and the reaction centre) and how they discharge both their [doi.org]

• Inflammation

  KEYWORDS: Nrf2; antioxidant; apocarotenoid; apoptosis; free radicals; inflammation; oxidative stress; redox switch [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  which makes them beneficial for protecting arteries against blockages, free radical damage and inflammation. [draxe.com]

  Singlet oxygen atoms are unstable and interact with the lipids found in cell walls causing inflammation and damage. Sometimes, your own body uses these free radicals to fight infections and abnormal cells. [health.howstuffworks.com]

• Falling

  It's not just fall foliage for which we can thank carotenoids. The emergence of red, orange, and yellow flowers in the warmer months is partially due to carotenoids, as are brilliant fruit and vegetable colors. [study.com]

  In fact, when leaves shift from green to red-orange to yellow in the fall, it’s due to the wonderful spectrum of carotenoids hidden under the surface. [deannaminich.com]

  In leaf chloroplasts the carotenoid colors are masked by chlorophyll until this is lost in the fall. Carotenoids also occur in some fungi. They increase in concentration in many ripening fruits, such as the tomato. [daviddarling.info]

  In fall, when deciduous trees prepare for winter and stop their chlorophyll production, the green color of the leaves fade and the orange, yellow, and red colors of the carotenoids in the leaves are revealed before the leaves die and fall to the ground [encyclopedia.com]

• Heart Disease

  More recently, protective effects of carotenoids against serious disorders such as cancer, heart disease and degenerative eye disease have been recognized, and have stimulated intensive resarch into the role of carotenoids as antioxidants and as regulators [leffingwell.com]

  They are thought to be associated with reduced risk of several chronic health disorders including some forms of cancer, heart disease and eye degeneration. [carotenoidsociety.org]

  Certain carotenoids work as antioxidants in the body to protect cells, tissues and organs against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of disorders such as cancer, heart disease and eye diseases. [dsm.com]

• Yellow Discoloration of the Skin

  Carotenodermia : High doses of β-carotene supplements (≥30 mg/day) and the consumption of large amounts of carotene-rich food have resulted in a yellow discoloration of the skin (xanthoderma) known as carotenodermia. [lpi.oregonstate.edu]

• Flushing

  After each sample run, the HPLC system was flushed with acetonitrile:ammonium formate (2 m m ; 98:2, v/v) for 5 min to remove strongly retained residues, followed by a 15-min equilibration period with the initial mobile phase composition before the next [plantphysiol.org]

• Urticaria

  Oral carotene therapy in actinic reticuloid and solar urticaria. Failure to demonstrate a photoprotective effect against long wave ultraviolet and visible radiation. Br J Dermatol 88:157–166. [ PubMed : 4574773 ] Kohlmeier L, Hastings SB. 1995. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Formication

  The mobile phase for the analysis method consisted of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (mobile phase A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (mobile phase B). [doi.org]

• Excitement

  Which one of the two pathways is more efficient in transfering excitation energy? What is the mechanism of excitation transfer? The answer to the red question is species dependent. [ks.uiuc.edu]

  Using this flash for exciting chlorophyll A alone, a strong signal is detected, due to its triplet state. By exciting directly B carotene or lutein, it is not possible to detect any metastable state with our technique. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  […] energy transfer both (i) from carotenoid excited state to chlorophyll in the light-harvesting complex and (ii) from triplet chlorophyll or singlet oxygen to carotenoid in photosynthetic reaction centers--protection of RC from photodamage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Xanthophyll carotenoids are important for quenching over-excited reaction centers if leaves encounter very high light intensities. An example of a herbicide with a mode of action that inhibits carotenoid cyclization is Amitrole. [passel.unl.edu]

  On the other hand, when in the triplet excited state, chlorophylls can transfer excitation energy to oxygen, leading to the formation of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ; Krieger-Liszkay, 2005 ; Ledford and Niyogi, 2005 ; Triantaphylidès and Havaux, 2009 ). [plantphysiol.org]

• Fusarium

  Early studies on carotenoid biosynthesis in Fusarium aquaeductuum have been recently extended in Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium oxysporum, well-known biotechnological and phytopathogenic models, respectively. [mdpi.com]

  Gerhard Adam, Gerlinde Wiesenberger and Ulrich Güldener, Fusarium Mycotoxins and Their Role in Plant–Pathogen Interactions, Biosynthesis and Molecular Genetics of Fungal Secondary Metabolites, Volume 2, 10.1007/978-1-4939-2531-5_10, (199-233), (2015). [doi.org]

[…] the IAA treatment (Figure 9 B). [bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com]

treatment (P < .05). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Early and late visual prognosis in solar retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1995;233:801-804. 32. Hope-Ross MW, Mahon GJ, Gardiner TA, Archer DB. Ultrastructural findings in solar retinopathy. Eye 1993;7 ( Pt 1):29-33. 33. [photobiology.info]

Scheider WL, Hershey LA, Vena JE, Holmlund T, Marshall JR, et al: Dietary antioxidants and other dietary factors in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1997;12:190-196. [doi.org]

Importance of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and other phytochemicals in the etiology of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:612–615. [ PubMed : 8609663 ] Ziegler RG, Mayne ST, Swanson CA. 1996. b. Nutrition and lung cancer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Dietary antioxidant vitamins and fiber in the etiology of cardiovascular disease and all-causes mortality: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:1073-80. View abstract. [medlineplus.gov]

Insights into the function of Rim protein in photoreceptors and etiology of Stargardt's disease from the phenotype in abcr knockout mice. Cell 1999;98:13-23. 176. Ahn J, Wong JT, Molday RS. [photobiology.info]

Epidemiological studies and large-scale clinical trials such as AREDS2 have brought attention to the potential ocular health and functional benefits of these three xanthophyll carotenoids consumed through the diet or supplements, but the basic science [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gallo V, Egger M, McCormack V, Farmer PB, Ioannidis JP, Kirsch-Volders M, Matullo G, Phillips DH, Schoket B, Stromberg U, Vermeulen R, Wild C, Porta M, Vineis P: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology - Molecular Epidemiology [doi.org]

Pathophysiology of premature skin aging induced by ultraviolet light. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337 :1419–28. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199711133372003. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] 54. Lee SJ, Cho SA, An SS, Na YJ, Park NH, Kim HS, et al. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pretreatment with fucoxanthin significantly prevented A β oligomer-induced alteration of the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Carotenoids and lung cancer prevention. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2009;1:258-274. (PubMed) 42. Moyer, V. A. U S Preventive Services Task Force. [lpi.oregonstate.edu]

But after you have a growing colony of cancerous cells in your system, betacarotene supplements may prevent your own system from fighting the cancer, making carotenoid supplementation significantly less safe for what is called secondary prevention - stopping [health.howstuffworks.com]