We present a case of bilateral carotid artery occlusion presented with intraventricular hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Coronary Atherosclerosis

  The major treatable risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis are similar to those for coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore patients with carotid stenosis should be screened for diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hypertension. 2. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Progression of carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease. Stroke. 1992;23:946-51. [ Links ] 33. Pellegrino L, Prencipe G, Vairo F. [scielo.br]

  Obesity, hyperlipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, and cigarette smoking, are major factors (they are also implicated as causes of coronary atherosclerosis and insufficiency). [dartmouth.edu]

• Carotid Bruit

  Carotid bruits are not sensitive or specific enough to confirm or exclude significant carotid stenoses. [ 3 ] Absence of carotid bruit in patients with cardiovascular disease does not exclude a carotid stenosis. [patient.info]

  About 4 percent of adults have asymptomatic neck bruits, but a carotid bruit is a poor predictor of extracranial carotid artery disease or high-grade stenosis. 25 By actuarial analysis, persons with asymptomatic carotid bruits have an estimated annual [aafp.org]

  A carotid bruit heard over the site of the stenosis is an important sign of carotid stenosis. [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Diplopia

  Another symptom that might raise a red flag would be when a patient reports ischemic diplopia, PCON Editorial Board member John A. McCall Jr., OD, said in an interview. “Anytime a patient has double vision, it’s due to a microclot,” he said. [healio.com]

  The two commonest ocular lesions are homonymous hemianopia and uniocular blindness or optic atrophy, although diplopia, ptosis, papilloedema, and pupillary changes may occur. Uniocular blindness may be transient (amaurosis fugax) or permanent. [ijo.in]

  Luo et al. found that among 42 patients with OIS, 35 presented with more than two ocular symptoms, including visual loss, ocular/periorbital pain, amaurosis fugax, photophobia, floaters, metamorphopsia, phosphenes, and diplopia. [27] Visual Loss Decrease [eyewiki.aao.org]

  Alone or in various combinations, vertigo, bilateral blurring or loss of vision, ataxia, diplopia, bilateral or unilateral (occasionally alternating) sensory and motor deficits, and syncope are common manifestations of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. [dartmouth.edu]

• Transient Blindness

  Symptoms of carotid artery stenosis include transient blindness in one eye, weakness or numbness of an arm, leg or the face, or the temporary inability to speak or to understand conversation. [newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org]

  Transient blindness, amaurosis fugax, has previously been reported in patients with a fully occluded ipsilateral internal carotid, unequivocally indicating the collateral pathway to be a mechanism for retinal embolization (2). [spandidos-publications.com]

  blindness after coronary artery bypass surgery 116 Medikal pulmoner arter kateter komplikasyonu pulmonary artery catheter complication 117 Medikal sağ atriuma dikilen pulmoner arter kateteri pulmonary artery catheter suturing to the right atrium wall [tureng.com]

• Stroke

  CONCLUSIONS: The rate of ischemic stroke following carotid sacrifice remains high and most strokes are thromboembolic in nature. Our testing protocol did not eliminate the risk of hypoperfusion-related stroke. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dizziness

  Clinical symptoms included dizziness, amaurosis fugax, persistent limb numbness, and transient ischemic attack. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  An 86-year-old male patient in our study with bilateral occlusion and widespread atherosclerosis without focal neurological signs was examined by ultrasound for nonspecific dizziness. [hindawi.com]

  Predominant symptoms and signs included visual-ipsilateral monocular or retrochiasmal symptoms (88%), motor weakness (88%), sensory disturbance (59%), dizziness/lightheadedness (53%), and syncope (24%). [n.neurology.org]

  Some people with carotid artery stenosis may experience dizziness, fainting and blurred vision which may be signs of the brain not receiving enough blood. [radiologyinfo.org]

• Hemianesthesia

  On the following day, the patient presented with left hemiplegia with hemianesthesia (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score = 14). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  </li></ul><ul><li>When the origins of both the ACA and MCA are occluded at the top of the carotid artery, abulia or stupor occurs with hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and aphasia or anosognosia. [slideshare.net]

  Findings related to the ACA territory are as follows: Crural paresis > arm paresis Frontal signs (eg, abulia) Findings related to the anterior choroidal artery territory are as follows: Hemiparesis Hemianesthesia Homonymous hemianopia Lacunar syndromes [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Frontal Headache

  A 50-year-old man who presented with a history of sudden onset of frontal headache and visual impairment was admitted to another medical centre and MRI revealed a non-enhancing sellar lesion with suprasellar and infrasellar extension. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Our case highlights the utility of urgent cardiovascular workup and referral to a subspecialist pending further workup. [hindawi.com]

However, in the setting of symptoms suggestive of stroke or TIA, workup for this condition may be indicated. [unboundmedicine.com]

Nondiabetic patients younger than 70 years with no cardiac symptoms and normal findings on electrocardiography (ECG) may undergo CEA without further cardiac workup. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Asymptomatic carotid artery occlusion (ACAO) is most frequently discovered as an incidental finding during radiological workup for cerebrovascular disease or after auscultation of a neck bruit. 3 Improvements in ultrasound technology and wide-scale diffusion [ahajournals.org]

A basic workup should therefore include a complete blood cell count with differential, serum protein electrophoresis, and immunoelectrophoresis. Table 2. [eyewiki.aao.org]

• Ventricular Hypertrophy

  All seven patients showed severe left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) according to an increased cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) ≥50 %. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment consisted of surgery for eight aneurysms and endovascular embolization for 13 aneurysms. No invasive treatment was recommended for 14 aneurysms (eight patients with single aneurysm). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients were evaluated by modified Rankin Scale in terms of prognosis at discharge and after 3 months. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The nature and severity of the presenting ischaemic symptoms did not appear to have a significant impact on prognosis. [karger.com]

Progressive occlusion of a major intracranial artery, independently from the etiology, can lead to the development of collateral arterial networks that supply blood flow to distal territories beyond the occlusion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Stroke etiology was 2 cardioembolic, 11 atherothrombotic, and a single unspecified case. [ajnr.org]

Further studies on the epidemiology of de novo aneurysms after carotid artery occlusion are warranted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] artery occlusion, vertebrobasilar occlusion, dissections, cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis, thrombolysis, mechanical recanalization materials, and treatment concepts and results, with information on anatomy, imaging studies, etiology, symptoms, epidemiology [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Epidemiology [ 1 ] Moderate-to-severe asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis occurs in 2-5% of European women and 2-8% of European men aged over 60 years. The prevalence is much higher in high-risk groups. Risk factors Increasing age. [patient.info]

The epidemiology of obesity. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:2087-102. [ Links ] 18. Wendelhag I, Wiklund O, Wikstrand J. Arterial wall thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia. [scielo.br]

Complete occlusion of extracranial internal carotid artery: clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Bhomraj Thanvi 1, Tom Robinson 2 1 Department of Integrated Medicine, Glenfield General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester [pmj.bmj.com]

In this review, we discuss various etiologies and pathophysiology of clinical presentations of ICAO, different radiographic patterns, and management of patients with ICAO. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The cerebral hemodynamic insufficiency has been considered as the primary pathophysiological factor for patients with ICA or MCA occlusion. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Abstract Inadvertent occlusion of an internal carotid artery (ICA) during stenting may be a catastrophic situation requiring a bailout operation to prevent permanent neurologic sequelae. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention For primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, see the separate article Cardiovascular Risk Assessment . [patient.info]