The first case was a 36-year-old gentleman who presented with 6 months history of painless swelling on the left side of neck. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In 2004, Galvão et al(2) presented a case of bilateral paraganglion in the carotid body which, at the physical exam, presented a bilateral cervical mass which was hard, elastic, painless, pulsatile, vertically unmovable, horizontally movable, taking the [arquivosdeorl.org.br]

Tumor presented a wide variety of size and clinical presentations. [agris.fao.org]

• Regurgitation

  There was difficulty in deglutition (nasal and laryngeal regurgitation) in three patients with large tumors and who required nasogastric tube feeding (1 to 3 weeks). [icvts.oxfordjournals.org]

• Carotid Bruit

  Very rarely a carotid bruit can be heard, due to an important compression induced by the tumor on the carotid arteries. [romanianjournalcardiology.ro]

• Tinnitus

  Summary A 48-year-old hypertensive and diabetic patient presented with a 10-year history of progressive right facial pain, tinnitus, hearing loss, sweating, and palpitations. [edmcasereports.com]

  It is pathognomonic for this tumour but it usually follows a year after the initial symptoms of hearing loss and pulsatile tinnitus. [patient.info]

  When significant involvement is present then the lesion may cause pulsatile tinnitus and hearing loss. Additionally, a number of patterns of cranial nerve palsies have been described due to the involvement of the nerves at the jugular foramen. [radiopaedia.org]

  This symptom is called pulsatile tinnitus. Most patients with glomus tumors of the middle ear can hear a pulsing sound in the ear on the side which has the tumor. [earsurgery.org]

  The presence of jugular foramen syndrome (paresis of cranial nerves IX-XI) is pathognomonic for this tumor, but it usually follows one year after the initial symptoms of hearing loss and pulsatile tinnitus. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Neck Swelling

  A middle-aged male patient presenting with a neck swelling was diagnosed with a glomus vagale tumor on USG by the direct demonstration of its continuity with the vagus nerve, and Doppler examination confirmed its vascularity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  We describe detection of one such tumor by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 30-year-old lady with left neck swellings clinically suspected of tubercular lymphadenitis. [pacificejournals.com]

  All patients n = 44 (100%) in our study presented with a complaint of neck swelling. Mean duration of swelling was 23.16 ± 16.34 with a minimum of 3 months to as long as 96 months. [indjvascsurg.org]

• Short Neck

  Dissection of the plane between the tumor and the carotid bifurcation is considered crucial as there are always short neck (wide mouth) branches from the carotid which will be entering the tumor immediately. [icvts.oxfordjournals.org]

• Headache

  She did admit to occasional headaches, episodes of sweating, tremors, and a throbbing sensation in the head. An increase in labetalol and nifedipine improved hypertension control and she was discharged with plan for surgery. [omicsonline.org]

  Lateral carotid arteriogram obtained 22 years after radiation therapy in a 20-year-old woman who presented in June 1970 with episodic hypertension, headaches, and palpitations. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Headaches can occur as a result of intracranial extension. Signs The hearing loss may be conductive or sensorineural. [patient.info]

  Rarely, a carotid body tumor may contain neurosecretory granules, which cause symptoms such as palpitations, headaches, diaphoresis, dizziness, and flushing. [evtoday.com]

This case report describes two patients with this rare tumour with diagnostic workup and treatment options. The first case was a 36-year-old gentleman who presented with 6 months history of painless swelling on the left side of neck. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Objective: Here we present the case of a fatal norepinephrine secreting carotid body paraganglioma diagnosed incidentally during workup for a suspected stroke. [omicsonline.org]

The patients were subjected to routine and specialized workup. [indjvascsurg.org]

Treatment After careful explanation, the patient and her family consented to a therapeutic trial of octreotide. [edmcasereports.com]

Treatment and prognosis Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The larger the tumor the higher the risk of operative complications 2. In patients for whom the risk of complications precludes surgery, radiotherapy may be considered 1-2. [radiopaedia.org]

Treatment including external radiation and surgery provided pain relief and early local disease control. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The diagnosis and treatment of baroreflex failure. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329(20): 1449-55. Gil-Carcedo E, Gil-Carcedo LM, Vallejo LA, Herrero D, Ortega C. Diagnosis and treatment of carotid body paragangliomas. [revista.acorl.org]

Treatment and prognosis Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The larger the tumor the higher the risk of operative complications 2. In patients for whom the risk of complications precludes surgery, radiotherapy may be considered 1-2. [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis Glomus jugulare tumours tend to grow slowly with only a small proportion metastasising. The associated cranial nerve palsies tend to be more cosmetic than debilitating. [patient.info]

Updated and new perspectives on diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of malignant pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. [Internet] J Oncol. 2012 [Consultado 2014 11Ene]; 2012: 872713. [revista.acorl.org]

Populations living at higher elevations or in a chronic hypoxic state are thought to have a higher incidence of paragangliomas. 18 – 20 The clinical prognosis of carotid body tumors is usually favorable due to their location and relative accessibility [ajnr.org]

They have a low incidence (0.6%), are generally benign, have a poorly defined etiology, and multiple factors have been associated with their origin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

01 Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin to determine bacterial etiology of diarrhea. [science.gov]

Interestingly, the male-to-female ratio differs in patients dwelling at high altitudes above 2,000 meters (1:8.3) than those patients dwelling at sea level (1:1.0-1.4). [14] Etiology The only known risk factors are the presence of chronic hypoxic stimulation [emedicine.medscape.com]

If with most of the authors accepting the tumors' origin to be unknown(7), others believe that its etiology may be related to chronic hypoxia, high altitudes and dominant autosomic transmission with incomplete penetrance(6,7). [arquivosdeorl.org.br]

Each entity is extensively discussed with information on clinicopathological, epidemiological, immunophenotypic and genetic aspects of these diseases. The book is an authoritative, concise reference, prepared by 150 authors from 20 countries. [books.google.com]

[…] body paraganglioma Jugulotympanic paraganglioma (previously called glomus jugulare tumors) Vagal paraganglioma Laryngeal paraganglioma Chemodectoma refers to carotid and aortic body paraganglioma (tumors of paraganglia with a chemoreceptor function) Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Parry DM, Li FP, Strong LC et al. (1982) Carotid body tumors in humans: genetics and epidemiology. J Natl Cancer Inst 68/4: 573–578 Google Scholar 23. [link.springer.com]

Epidemiology [ 1 ] The annual incidence is about 1 in 1.3 million people per year. However, it is the most common tumour of the middle ear and the second most common tumour of the temporal bone. [patient.info]

Pathophysiology Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are classified into sporadic, familial, and hyperplastic forms. The familial paraganglioma form is a genetically heterogenous entity; currently, 4 genes are identified. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Malignant catecholamine-secreting carotid body paragangliomas are best treated by composite resection (internal carotid artery and neck dissection), with special attention being given to measures preventing severe hypertension and arrhythmias in the perioperative [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Postoperatively, intensive surveillance with intermittent nasogastric suctioning was done to prevent aspiration or obstruction of airway due to IX, X, and XII cranial nerve dysfunction. [karnatakaanaesthj.org]

Timely diagnosis and treatment may have prevented this fatality. Biography : Email: [email protected] [omicsonline.org]

In most cases, it is necessary to tie off or pack the jugular vein in the neck and the mastoid portion of the ear to prevent excessive bleeding at tumor removal. [earsurgery.org]

Sternocleidomastoid muscle cover was provided to the carotid artery in all the patients to prevent secondary hemorrhage from the carotid artery. [icvts.oxfordjournals.org]