Presentation
Respiratory symptoms such as cough and haemoptysis may not be present. [explainmedicine.com]
The youngest 3 infants presented between 1 and 2 days of age and in those cases, it has been argued that the mode of transmission was most likely from mother to infant. [journals.lww.com]
Patients present with unilateral or bilateral acute visual loss. [patient.info]
Cat-scratch disease can atypically present as parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (unilateral conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy). [orpha.net]
Unilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy was present, and rapidly progressive encephalopathy developed. [nejm.org]
Entire Body System
- Fever
Fever As the name "cat-scratch fever" implies, CDS often features an elevated temperature in patients. Though of course there are many, many other reasons you have a fever, a cat could be to blame. 4. [bustle.com]
[…] symptoms of cat scratch fever include: loss of appetite weight loss sore throat Rare symptoms of cat scratch fever may be linked to a more severe version of the disease. [healthline.com]
She deteriorated in the Emergency Department—developing high fever, worsening confusion and meningism. Blood cultures were taken and broad spectrum antibiotics commenced prior to CT scanning and diagnostic lumbar puncture. [casereports.bmj.com]
The consequence may be severe (rheumatic fever, nephritis, endocarditis, etc.) Chronic headache may be caused simply by a constitutional disposition or be the result of a brain tumor or a brain aneurysm. [en.wikipedia.org]
“Watch for signs of infection, including redness, swelling, increased pain and fever.” How a doctor treats a cat wound “Cat wounds most often are left open to heal,” says Dr. Sayles. [health.clevelandclinic.org]
- Cat Scratch
Cat-scratch fever, also known simply as "cat-scratch disease" (CDS), is a bacterial infection that cats catch from each other via infected fleas. [bustle.com]
[…] death from cat scratch fever. [wikihow.com]
What is cat scratch fever? Cat scratch fever, also called cat scratch disease (CSD), is a bacterial infection. The disease gets its name because people contract it from cats infected with Bartonella henselae bacteria. [healthline.com]
Cat or dog ownership and seroprevalence of Ehrlichiosis, Q fever, and cat-scratch disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:1337–1340. 14. Wear DJ, Margileth AM, Hadfield TL, Fischer GW, Schlagel CJ, King FM. Cat-scratch disease: a bacterial infection. [revistas.unilibre.edu.co]
"Cat scratch" and "Cat scratch fever" redirect here. For the Nickelodeon cartoon, see Catscratch. For the Ted Nugent album, see Cat Scratch Fever. [en.wikipedia.org]
Eyes
- Photophobia
The aforementioned features of encephalitis, ADEM and AHLE distinguish patients with encephalitis from those with meningitis in whom abrupt onset of fever, headache, photophobia, nuchal rigidity and other meningeal signs predominate. [academic.oup.com]
Neurologic
- Seizure
Symptoms and Types Neurological symptoms often associated with meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningomyelitis such as impaired movement, altered mental state, and seizures, may be profound and progressive. [petmd.com]
Complications of the infection included subdural effusions and seizures. Comment More than a decade ago, Wade et al2 reviewed Pasteurella as a cause of infant meningitis summarizing 23 case reports. [journals.lww.com]
The importance of recognizing and treating continuous seizures and increased intracranial pressure cannot be overemphasized. [academic.oup.com]
In the most severe cases, seizures * and loss of consciousness may occur. [humanillnesses.com]
- Neck Stiffness
Neck stiffness. Sleepiness or lethargy. Increased irritability. Seizures. Skin rashes. Difficulty talking and speech changes. Changes in alertness, confusion, or hallucinations. [chw.org]
The first signs may be a severe headache and neck stiffness followed by fever, vomiting, a rash, and, then, convulsions leading to loss of consciousness. [encyclopedia.com]
Treatment
Symptomatic treatment, supportive care, supportive therapy, or palliative treatment is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not the underlying cause. [en.wikipedia.org]
Advertisement 1 Seek medical treatment. [wikihow.com]
Treatment for cats isn’t usually recommended. [healthline.com]
New treatment investigated for brain tapeworm infection Nov 30, 2017 Pretreatment with the anti-tumor necrosis factor drug a viable strategy to manage post-treatment inflammatory response seen with neurocysticercosis treatment. [medlink.com]
Prognosis
Other animals, such as those suffering from distemper, FIP, cryptococcosis, GME or the breed-specific disorders have a somewhat more guarded prognosis. The main complication is progression of neurological disease despite treatment. [canadawestvets.com]
The prognosis depends on the age of the patient and the underlying aetiology. The poorest prognosis for meningoencephalitis occurs in patients with HSV encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Symptoms: Symptoms include: Headaches. [medigoo.com]
In addition, even experienced physicians often are uncertain about the cause, appropriate therapy, and prognosis. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]
Their prognosis is much more guarded. [bronberger.co.za]
Prognosis [ 1 ] Complete recovery is usual in 2-5 months. Rarely, there is severe hepatic or neurological involvement, in which case granulomatous hepatitis, neuroretinitis and peripheral neuritis can occur. [patient.info]
Etiology
Symptomatic treatment is not always recommended, and in fact, it may be dangerous, because it may mask the presence of an underlying etiology which will then be forgotten or treated with great delay. [en.wikipedia.org]
A thorough and accurate review is difficult because the syndrome is complex and the number of etiologic agents and mimics of encephalitis are vast. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]
ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS A list of many of the possible etiological agents, their clinical clues and recommended tests are provided in Tables 2 to 4. [academic.oup.com]
Serological tests for other etiologies were negative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Debre postulated tularemia, pasteurellosis, infectious mononucleosis, or tuberculosis as possible etiologic agents, but with no convincing proof. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
Aim of the present work is to improve knowledge on ecology of Ixodes ricinus ticks, on epidemiology of some zoonotic agent (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella clarridgeiae, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Richettsia helvetica, Rickettsia [research.unipd.it]
[…] laboratory and epidemiologic studies are being conducted. [wonder.cdc.gov]
In dogs infected with Bartonella spp., similar disease manifestations as in human patients have been observed and thus dogs represent epidemiological sentinels for human exposure. [cvbd.org]
Clinicians should consider CSD as a differential diagnosis when assessing previously healthy patients with aseptic meningitis associated with regional lymphadenopathy and epidemiological history of feline contact. [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology 14. EPIDEMIOLOGY Worldwide distribution Prevalence in warm/humid climates ~ 20,000 cases annually in US 80% under the age of 20yrs 30% of domestic cats are infected 15. [slideshare.net]
Pathophysiology
The internationally acclaimed "gold standard" offers unparalleled coverage of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting dogs and cats, as well as the latest information on the genome, clinical genomics, euthanasia, innocent heart [books.google.de]
View Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Raoult D, Marrie T, Mege J: Natural history and pathophysiology of Q fever. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005, 5: 219-226. 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70052-9. [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com]
" Pathophysiology Most cases of CSD are caused by Bartonella henselae. Bartonella species are small pleomorphic, fastidious, facultative, gram-negative, and intracellular bacilli. [emedicine.medscape.com]
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY In general, meningoencephalitis and encephalitis represent uncommon responses to common infections. Most infected patients have a mild syndrome of meningoencephalitis rather than severe encephalitis ( 6 ). [academic.oup.com]
Prevention
Rapidly find the answers you need with separate sections on diseases and disorders, differential diagnosis, clinical algorithms, laboratory results, and clinical preventive services, plus an at-a-glance format that uses cross-references, outlines, bullets [books.google.de]
The best defense you can give your pet is to make sure he or she is current on flea, tick, and heartworm prevention and is screened at least yearly during a preventive care exam. [highwayvet.com]
Thus, although it's unnecessary to avoid cats entirely, the best way to prevent cat-scratch fever is to treat the cats in your care with flea preventative so the infection's vector is blocked. [bustle.com]
How Is Encephalitis Prevented? Some of the viral infections that can cause encephalitis, including measles, mumps, and chicken pox, can be prevented with vaccines given in childhood. [humanillnesses.com]
[…] three months, will prevent this disease from occurring. [agriculture.vic.gov.au]