Case History—A 65 yr old man presenting with poor memory a few months after a surgical admission. Case History—An 80 yr old man presenting with falls, reduced mobility, muscular weakness and peripheral neuropathy. [oxfordmedicine.com]

These symptoms present asymmetrically (one side of the body is more concerned than the other). Tremors are not observed in all patients. [zambonpharma.com]

Anti-neuronal antibodies may be present in the serum and/or the CSF. Usually, high dose steroids and/or cytoxan are needed to treat this syndrome. [lupusinternational.com]

This condition tends to present in one of two ways. Firstly, it may present as disordered behavior (usually either with disinhibited behavior or with apathy). [dartmouth.edu]

At present, in contrast with its past success, this causative relation seems to be no more tenable or at least not as solid as it appeared. [link.springer.com]

• Developmental Disorder

  Exploring the neurological, biomedical aspect of pervasive developmental disorders can help gain deeper understanding of the spectrum. [autism.lovetoknow.com]

  Ventral to the ligament is the dens axis, dorsally one finds the spinal cord. 3 Pathology 3.1 Developmental disorders During the course of embryonic development, disorders can occur in the development of the atlas. [flexikon.doccheck.com]

  disorders ( 112.13 ); developmental disorders in infants and toddlers ( 112.14 ); and trauma- and stressor-related disorders ( 112.15 ). [ssa.gov]

  This listing is a good choice since ADHD is considered a developmental disorder rather than a psychiatric disorder. [ssdrc.com]

  Other developmental disorders of the nervous system may appear as hypoplasia or hyperplasia (decrease or increase in growth of cells, respectively) or as a destruction of otherwise normally developing tissues. [encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com]

• High Fever

  Meningitis is marked by headache, high fever, and neck stiffness. Encephalitis causes these symptoms but may progress to stupor (sleepiness), disorientation, hallucinations, paralysis, coma, tremors, convulsions, and rarely death. [medicinenet.com]

• Vomiting

  People with epilepsy can also die from problems that occur during or after a seizure, such as inhaling vomit. This problem can be prevented if the person is turned onto one side as soon as possible. [epilepsy.com]

  Excruciating headache often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and hypersensitivity to stimuli. Etiology: Idiopathic. [quizlet.com]

  Fever, vomiting, and a stiff neck are all symptoms of meningitis. A chronic, often debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent moderate to severe headaches, often in association with a number of autonomic nervous system symptoms. [en.wikipedia.org]

  It has symptoms similar to meningitis, including intense head pain, locked neck, seizures, and vomiting. [wikihow.com]

  Medulla oblongata: extending below the skull, it is involved in involuntary functions, such as vomiting, breathing, sneezing, and maintaining the correct blood pressure. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Nausea

  Excruciating headache often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and hypersensitivity to stimuli. Etiology: Idiopathic. [quizlet.com]

  Symptoms of this disease include headache, neck pain, drowsiness, nausea, and fever. If caused by the West Nile virus, it may be lethal to humans, as well as birds and horses. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Severe nausea or vomiting. Seizures can also cause sudden changes in consciousness, feeling (sensation), emotion, or thought. Abnormal body movements, such as muscle twitching, may or may not be present. [healthlinkbc.ca]

  Medicines taken to control nausea. Medicines used to treat Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome, and other nervous system problems. Seek Care Now Based on your answers, you may need care right away. [cigna.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  Many patients also experience fever, malaise (general bodily discomfort), and loss of appetite. [healthcommunities.com]

• Thrombosis

  Thrombosis Research, 114, 629. Sokol, D. K., McIntyre, J. A., Short, R. A., et al ( 2000 ) Henoch–Schönlein purpura and stroke: antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibody in CSF and serum. Neurology, 55, 1379 – 1381. [bjp.rcpsych.org]

  […] of Obesity, the Japan Geriatrics Society, the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences, and the Japan Medical Association 分類： ライフスタイルの改善 ; 血管の疾患 ; 心臓の疾患 ; 脳の疾患 ; 予防的保健サービス 17：G03454 日本における脳心血管疾患の予防のための包括的リスク管理 Source： Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis [guideline.jamas.or.jp]

• Muscle Twitch

  Motor nerve damage causes muscle weakness, and symptoms may include painful cramps and muscle twitching, muscle loss, bone degeneration, and changes in the skin, hair, and nails. [columbianeurosurgery.org]

  (MeSH) Caused by minor muscle contractions in the area, or uncontrollable twitching of a muscle group that is served by a single motor nerve fiber. Muscle twitches are minor and often go unnoticed. Some are common and normal. [richardsonthebrain.com]

  Abnormal body movements, such as muscle twitching, may or may not be present. How often the seizures occur and how severe they are depend on the cause of the seizures and the area of the brain involved. For more information, see the topic Seizures. [healthlinkbc.ca]

• Myopathy

  HIV can also lead to neuropathy (a nerve disorder) and myopathy (a muscle disorder). [healthcommunities.com]

  Cal, M, Crisi, G: CT and the diagnosis of myopathies. Preliminary findings in 42 cases. Neuroradiology, 28: 53 – 57, 1986. Google Scholar 2. Fossaluzza, V : La neuroborreliosi di Lyme. Rivista di Neuroradiologia, 5: 115 – 118, 1992. [journals.sagepub.com]

• Torticollis

  Onset of migraine tended to occur at a lower age in patients with a family history of migraine, while the age of vertigo onset tended to be lower in patients with a childhood history of benign paroxysmal vertigo, benign paroxysmal torticollis, and motion [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Diplopia

  Early in the disease course: tingling and numbness in arms, legs, trunk, and face visual disturbances: double vision (diplopia); partial blindness weakness and clumsiness in leg or hand stiffness and fatigability of limbs minor gait disturbances vertigo [quizlet.com]

• Sexual Dysfunction

  Non-motor symptoms observed most often include: abnormal vegetative functions (e.g. constipation, urinary disorders, sexual dysfunction, skin disorders and perspiration), smell, sleep, mood (depression) and cognitive function disorders, fatigue and pain [zambonpharma.com]

• Urinary Incontinence

  Macrocephaly and ADHD are common among children, while presenile dementia, hydrocephalus (an abnormality of the dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid), and urinary incontinence are symptoms for elderly patients (65 and older). [en.wikipedia.org]

• Headache

  Cluster Headache -unilateral vascular headache of short duration that reoccurs for short periods of time. Migraine Headache :-Excruciating headache often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and hypersensitivity to stimuli. [quizlet.com]

  Lupus Headache: Headaches are common in lupus patients, occurring in up to 45-50% of patients. [lupusinternational.com]

  Other symptoms include morning headaches, snoring and bad dreams. [aapmr.org]

  The involvement of these projections does also help to understand neurological, cognitive and emotional disturbances that often accompany headache in some patients. [link.springer.com]

  However, if there is a large cyst, symptoms may include headache, seizures, ataxia (lack of muscle control), hemiparesis, and several others. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Seizure

  […] long seizures, or repeated or clusters of seizures. [epilepsy.com]

  Epilepsy is a seizure disorder caused by neurological damage that is irreversible. Types of Seizures: Generalized Seizures - result from discharges in both cerebral hemispheres. These are sometimes referred to as petit mal and grand mal seizures. [quizlet.com]

  Epileptic seizures may occur in recovering patients as a consequence of brain surgery. [en.wikipedia.org]

  The typical patient presents with fevers, seizures, meningitis like stiffness of the neck, and psychotic or bizarre behavior. Brain MRI may demonstrate multiple or single areas with infarcts. [lupusinternational.com]

  The goal of surgery is to remove damaged or scarred tissue that serves as the focal point of a seizure. (Kolb, 112) Grand Mal Seizure : a generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. [richardsonthebrain.com]

• Ataxia

  Spinocerebellar ataxia (degeneration) Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a large and growing number of rare conditions that share the characteristics of being hereditary, of being progressive and of producing ataxia as a dominant symptom. [dartmouth.edu]

  Signs and Symptoms: The lesions in tabes dorsalis result in pain, ataxia, sensory changes and loss of tendon reflexes. The onset is slow and insidious. [quizlet.com]

  Degenerative nerve diseases include Alzheimer's disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Friedreich's ataxia Huntington's disease Lewy body disease Parkinson's disease Spinal muscular atrophy Degenerative nerve diseases can be serious or life-threatening [medlineplus.gov]

  These can include: Unsteady gait and shaky movement of the limbs (ataxia) Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes (nystagmus) Defects in speech pronunciation (dysarthria) Spastic weakness and retrobulbar neuritis (= inflammation of the optic nerve) Myalgic [ivyroses.com]

  Malformations of Cortical Development + Neural Tube Defects + Septo-Optic Dysplasia Nervous System Neoplasms Central Nervous System Neoplasms + Cranial Nerve Neoplasms + Neurolymphomatosis Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms + Neurocutaneous Syndromes Ataxia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cognitive Impairment

  Speech abnormalities, dysmorphic facial appearance, and lack of facial expression can make mild or normal cognitive impairment appear more marked. [myotonic.org]

  Jicha, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood Is Associated with Cognitive Test Profiles in the Geriatric Population but Not with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer's Disease, Journal of Aging Research, 2011, (1), (2011). [doi.org]

  In patients with cognitive impairment, the assessment was based on symptoms described by direct informants who had known the patient for at least 10 years and had information obtained from a close relative who knew the patient in childhood. [sciencedaily.com]

  Examples of autonomic dysfunction include Raynaud’s phenomenon, cognitive impairment, livedo reticularis (a mottled skin rash), and tingling and numbness of the extremities. [lupusinternational.com]

  ALZHEIMER DISEASE Progressive cognitive impairments are characteristic in the dementia of Alzheimer disease. [ajcn.nutrition.org]

• Dysarthria

  Expressive aphasia differs from dysarthria, which is typified by a patient's inability to properly move the muscles of the tongue and mouth to produce speech. [ranker.com]

  Dysarthria, dysmorphic facial appearance, and lack of facial expression can result in subjects with mild cognitive impairment appearing more markedly affected than is accurate. [myotonic.org]

  The clinical consequences of aceruloplasminemia include dystonia, abnormal gait, dysarthria, and dementia. ALZHEIMER DISEASE Progressive cognitive impairments are characteristic in the dementia of Alzheimer disease. [ajcn.nutrition.org]

  These can include: Unsteady gait and shaky movement of the limbs (ataxia) Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes (nystagmus) Defects in speech pronunciation (dysarthria) Spastic weakness and retrobulbar neuritis (= inflammation of the optic nerve) Myalgic [ivyroses.com]

  […] is muscular weakness and atrophy - the progression is asymmetric - muscle cramps are common and may precede weakness Later: upper motor neurons become involved and there are i. fasciculations ii. spasticity iii. hyperactive deep tendon reflexes iv. dysarthria [quizlet.com]

Clinical Testing and Workup Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the technique of choice to visualize tumors, infarcts, cerebral hemorrhage, demyelinating plaques and other causal lesions. [rarediseases.org]

Treatment for adult ADHD is similar to treatment for childhood ADHD, though some ADHD medications approved for children are not approved for adult use. [mayoclinic.com]

Treatment helps. It’s important to pay attention to symptoms and see a doctor regularly. Sometimes, medication and treatments that were once effective stop working. You may need to change the treatment plan. [webmd.com]

Communication may be possible with blinking eye movements Is there any treatment? There is no cure for locked-in syndrome, nor is there a standard course of treatment. [web.archive.org]

"The greatest benefit is improved function, which should be the main treatment goal for any chronic pain condition. [news-medical.net]

Treatment: massage treatment for cerebral palsy is spastic paralysis treatment. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's Disease) CNS Motor Disorders Etiology: Idiopathic. [quizlet.com]

What is the prognosis of West Nile virus infection? Since 80% of people who get infected never have any symptoms or signs, the overall prognosis (or likelihood of full recovery) is excellent. [medicinenet.com]

If there is an AIDS-related tumor in the brain or spinal cord, radiation therapy or steroids may be helpful, although the prognosis is poor. [healthcommunities.com]

Prognosis: 50% of patients die within first 3 years 20% live 5 years 10% live 10 years Occasionally, a patient will survive as long as 30 years. [quizlet.com]

The etiology remains unknown except for the possibility of post-influenza immunization encephalopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although its causation has for some time been ascribed to ‘slow viruses,’ the etiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is currently thought to be due to prions, small proteinaceous infectious particles that have genetic encoding. [sophiararebooks.com]

However, we are still left with a large number of progressive diseases of unknown etiology, and their classification is based on pathologic and clinical findings. [dartmouth.edu]

Learn about the impacts that child poverty has on the developing brain with data from the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and public health epidemiology. [brainfacts.org]

Clinical and epidemiological data previously reported inverse comorbidities for these complex disorders, according to population studies assessing the Cancer risks among patients with CNS disorders [8] – [17]. [journals.plos.org]

[…] biosynthesis blood blood supply cerebrospinal fluid chemical synthesis chemically induced chemistry classification complications congenital cytology diagnosis diagnostic imaging diet therapy drug effects drug therapy economics education embryology enzymology epidemiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiologic and a few prospective studies suggest that there may be some element of inflammation in the condition and some have suggested excess oxidation as a contributing factor. [dartmouth.edu]

Epidemiology Race No racial predilection exists for CNS causes of vertigo. Sex Men and women are affected differently by different causes of CNS vertigo. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Objective: The goal of this study is to define the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of disability in immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and to distinguish these from physiological (and often beneficial [clinicaltrials.gov]

Pathophysiology The sensation of balance is the result of appropriate information detected by the vestibular, ocular, and proprioceptive sensory receptors that is then properly integrated within the cerebellum and brain stem. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pains described as central pain in such conditions as Parkinson’s disease are not truly central pain and have a different pathophysiology and treatment: these are termed central-pain allied conditions. [rarediseases.org]

As time passes, it is quite likely that the specific biochemical and pathophysiological processes underpinning many of these diseases will be elucidated and their classifications will change. [dartmouth.edu]

The pathophysiological significance of these abnormalities is controversial, so at present the primary importance is to recognize that they are common in myotonic dystrophy in order to avoid misdiagnosis. [myotonic.org]

Metabolic defects prevent the body from properly breaking down food to create energy. [kidshealth.org]

The Epilepsy Foundation has established the SUDEP Institute to: Spread the word about death in epilepsy Help people learn ways to prevent it Get help to people who have lost a loved one to SUDEP Speed up research on the causes and prevention of SUDEP [epilepsy.com]

If your ADHD has prevented your from sustaining substantial work activity, there is a chance that you could be approved for disability. Your chances of being approved are greatly improved if you were treated for ADHD as a child (toddler-18). [ssdrc.com]

These results suggest that postural strategy training with the PTAR may contribute to fall prevention of patients with a balance disorder. Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "West Nile, a Pregnancy Danger?" Feb. 28, 2004.. United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "West Nile Virus." Aug. 8, 2011.. United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [medicinenet.com]