Further, subtle clinical presentations can belie serious myelopathy because peripheral joint involvement can make interpreting the physical exam difficult. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract: Background: Scalp dysesthesia is a common mode of presentation in rural West Bengal. The study aims at finding radiological correlation withbnimaging of cervical spine with the presenting symptoms. [journalijdr.com]

• Pain

  It is now generally accepted in medicine that back pain accounts for the majority of visits to the physicians’ office on a given day and, second to back pain visits, are visits for painful symptoms associated with the cervical or neck region. [practicalpainmanagement.com]

  […] types of non-surgical care to manage the pain. [spine-health.com]

  Any patient suffering from neck, shoulder, head or arm pain should be examined by a doctor in order to determine where the pain originates and what is causing the pain. [sites.google.com]

  If the pain radiates down the arm or up the back of the head, this is not disc or facet pain but nerve pain and can occur in conjunction with neck pain. [neckandback.com]

  Pain and symptoms may spread into your shoulders and arms. This is called radicular pain or radiculopathy. [spinesurgery.com]

• Disability

  The 4 MCID approaches yielded a range of values for each PRO: 2.23 to 16.59 for physical component of the SF-36, 0.11 to 16.27 for mental component of the SF-36, and 2.72 to 12.08 for neck disability index. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Arm Pain

  In the neck or cervical spine, radiculopathy usually is characterized by neck pain with associated shoulder blade or arm pain. [dallasneurosurgical.com]

  This results in a pattern of arm pain (specific to the nerve root involved) along with mild weakness and sensory loss in muscles and skin innervated by that nerve root. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

  When damaged discs in your neck are causing pain, loss of feeling, restricted movement, weakness, or tingling down your arm, know your treatment options. [necksurgery.com]

  You should consult a neurosurgeon for neck pain if It occurs after an injury or blow to the head Fever or headache accompanies the neck pain Stiff neck prevents touching chin to chest Pain shoots down one arm There is tingling, numbness or weakness in [aans.org]

• Falling

  I had a fall in 2014. I was down at our waterfront,… Submit an appointment request on our patient portal or contact our New Jersey and Pennsylvania campuses to speak with a patient advocate. [princetonbrainandspine.com]

  · Gymnast misses the high bar during a release move and falls. · Diver strikes the bottom of a shallow pool. [centerforspineandortho.com]

  Others might have symptoms that appear gradually or suddenly, especially after a fall. [wexnermedical.osu.edu]

  The pain may start after a major injury (such as from a car accident), a minor injury (such as a fall from a low height), or a normal motion (such as bending over to pick something up). [northshore.org]

  Article continues below Cervical Symptoms from Degenerative Disc Disease Cervical degenerative disc disease may be diagnosed when a cervical disc is the source of pain in the neck, possibly from twisting or falling on the neck but more likely from years [spine-health.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  Therefore, it is difficult to sufficiently power studies to detect differences between reoperation rates of different cervical surgical procedures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These surgical procedures may include the following: cervical laminectomy cervical laminectomy and fusion cervical laminoplasty In some cases, the surgeon may perform surgery using both an anterior and a posterior approach. [columbiaspine.org]

  Many other potential complications to the procedure do exist and a thorough discussion with your surgeon is mandatory before considering this or any other surgical procedure. [spine.org]

  The surgical procedure chosen must be tailored to the patient’s specific pattern of stenosis, comorbidities, and symptoms. References Spivak J, Connolly P. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Spine 3. [coloradospineinstitute.com]

• Cough

  Pain may radiate to the arms and may worsen upon coughing or sneezing. [healthcommunities.com]

  A sudden movement like a forceful cough or sneeze may cause a compromised disc to herniate, instantaneously and painfully rupturing. [newyorkcityspine.com]

  The pain might increase when: standing sitting sneezing coughing tilting your neck backward Another common symptom is muscle weakness. Muscle weakness makes it hard to lift the arms or grasp objects firmly. [healthline.com]

  The pain commonly increases with movements at the waist and can increase with coughing or sneezing. In more severe instances, lumbar radiculopathy can be accompanied by incontinence of the bladder and/or bowels. [medicinenet.com]

• Nausea

  […] leg weakness or numbness or a change in bowel or bladder habits · Severe pain when there is direct compression of the affected area · Pain that does not lessen with rest and may be worse at night · Back pain accompanied by appetite loss, weight loss, nausea [centerforspineandortho.com]

  Brodsky 14 stressed the presence of associated autonomic or other symptoms such as dyspnea, nausea, diaphoresis, diplopia, and sympathetic nervous signs. [nature.com]

  Most prescription strength anti-inflammatories are available in low-cost generic form, although side effects may include nausea, gastric ulcers and kidney dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pruritus

  […] neurogenic/neuropathic pruritus" (2003). [escholarship.umassmed.edu]

  BACKGROUND: The main cause of brachioradial pruritus (BRP) is not known but there is evidence to suggest that BRP may arise in the nervous system. Cervical spine disease may be an important contributing factor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] brachioradial pruritus, 29 patients had abnormal magnetic resonance (MR) images showing nerve compression correlating with the dermatomal distribution of the pruritus. [jamanetwork.com]

  Other localized pruritic syndromes, including brachioradial pruritus and notalgia paresthetica, have been associated with pathologic conditions of the spine and have been successfully treated with gabapentin. [f1000.com]

• Tinnitus

  The degenerative process can also produce sympathetic symptoms related to the neck which may include; headaches, vertigo, disequilibrium, tinnitus, scotomata, decreased vision, dysphagia, dysphonia, cough and anxiety. [necksolutions.com]

  Tinnitus, vertigo, and visual changes associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency or brainstem compression can arise [ 6 ]. Patients may experience myelopathic symptoms. [arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com]

• Hearing Impairment

  impairments Skin abnormalities Delayed or accelerated development and growth Intellectual and/or cognitive disabilities Some conditions may be diagnosed prenatally with ultrasound while the unborn child is still in the womb. [chop.edu]

• Neck Pain

  These movable areas can wear out and cause neck pain. The neck pain from the wear of these structures may be located in the center of the neck, the side of the neck and also may radiate into the top or middle of the shoulders. [neckandback.com]

  In general, increasing strength and flexibility in the neck can lower the risk for pain. See Physical Therapy for Neck Pain Relief Manual manipulation. [spine-health.com]

  Deltoids, Biceps) C5 : Wrist extensors C6 : Wrist extensors C7 : Triceps C8 : Hands Cervical Spine Disorder Symptoms Pain Weakness Numbness Pain Neck pain and symptoms caused by a cervical (neck) spine disorder are a very common. [sites.google.com]

  You should consult a neurosurgeon for neck pain if It occurs after an injury or blow to the head Fever or headache accompanies the neck pain Stiff neck prevents touching chin to chest Pain shoots down one arm There is tingling, numbness or weakness in [aans.org]

• Low Back Pain

  Therapeutic Exercises in the Management of Non-Specific Low Back Pain, Low Back Pain, ISBN: 978-953-51-0599-2, 2012 (level of evidence 5) ↑ Lee M.,The effects of core muscle release technique on lumbar spine deformation and low back pain.J Phys Ther Sci [physio-pedia.com]

  In the low back or lumbar spine, radiculopathy usually is characterized by low back pain with associated buttock, thigh or leg pain. [dallasneurosurgical.com]

  Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society [published correction appears in: Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2008]. [moveforwardpt.com]

  Cross-section picture of herniated disc between L4 and L5 Picture of stapled incision post-surgery Degenerative Disc Disease Symptom Low Back Pain Pain in the low back can be a result of conditions affecting the bony lumbar spine, discs between the vertebrae [medicinenet.com]

• Shoulder Pain

  A herniated disc between C4 and C5 often causes pain that extends, or radiates, toward the shoulder blade, reports the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. [livestrong.com]

  Symptoms include: neck and shoulder pain or stiffness – that comes and goes headaches – often starting at the back of the neck Exercise can ease cervical spondylosis symptoms Neck pain can be helped with exercise and by improving your posture. [nhs.uk]

  Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis Pain and stiffness in the neck and shoulders. Pain may radiate to the arms and may worsen upon coughing or sneezing. [healthcommunities.com]

  Patients may be referred to a neurosurgeon because of problems in their neck, shoulders, arms and/or hands. They may have experienced pain, numbness, tingling and/or weakness in any or all of these locations. [aans.org]

• Spine Pain

  The cervical spine has openings that allow arteries to pass blood to the brain. What Cervical Spine Pain Could Mean Neck pain can be debilitating and there is a wide range of possible causes. [centerforneuroandspine.com]

  Spine 1984;9:667. Palit M, schofferman J, et al: Anterior discectomy and fusion for the management of neck pain. Spine 1999;24:2224. White AA, Southwick WO, Deponte RJ, et al. [uscspine.com]

  Neck Pain/Cervical Spine Disorders Examination and Tests History: Neck Pain may be chronic or recent in onset. It may be confined to the neck or radiate to the arms. [minneapolisclinic.com]

  Neuroleptic medications have a role in patients with cervical spine disorders, especially in the setting of radiculopathy. Gabapentin has been used commonly to treat neuropathic pain as well as spine related nerve pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cervical Osteoarthritis

  Cervical spondylosis is a common, age-related condition that affects the joints and discs in your cervical spine, which is in your neck. It’s also known as cervical osteoarthritis or neck arthritis. [healthline.com]

  It is worth repeating, for emphasis, the fact that NOT ALL NECK AND ARM PAIN IS DUE TO A HERNIATED DISC, CERVICAL OSTEOARTHRITIS OR NERVE ROOT COMPRESSION. [neurosurgerydallas.com]

• Suggestibility

  The results suggest that, at medium-term follow-up, the conditions appears to be "relatively stable" in most patients. [sciencedaily.com]

  BACKGROUND: The main cause of brachioradial pruritus (BRP) is not known but there is evidence to suggest that BRP may arise in the nervous system. Cervical spine disease may be an important contributing factor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Radiculopathy

  Definition: A pinched nerve is clinically known as a “radiculopathy.” In the low back or lumbar spine, radiculopathy usually is characterized by low back pain with associated buttock, thigh or leg pain. [dallasneurosurgical.com]

  Types of Cervical Spine Disease Cervical spine disease can include: Cervical radiculopathy Cervical spine stenosis Cervical Radiculopathy Cervical radiculopathy, also referred to as a “pinched nerve,” occurs when a nerve root is pinched by a herniated [mdmercy.com]

  Wilson DW, Pezzuti RT, Place JN (1991) Magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative evaluation of cervical radiculopathy. Neurosurgery 28: 175–179 Google Scholar 7. [link.springer.com]

  […] cervicale English cervical root lesions, cervical root lesions (diagnosis), cervical radiculopathy, cervical radiculopathy (diagnosis), nerve root and plexus disorder cervical root lesions, Cervical Radiculopathies, Cervical Radiculopathy, Radiculopathies [fpnotebook.com]

• Headache

  Headache frequently accompanies cervical spine pathology and may be the most prominent complaint. The headache is usually daily, in the back of the skull and radiates forwards over the temples. [minneapolisclinic.com]

  Neck Pain and Headaches Neck pain is a characteristic symptom of a cervical disc herniation, notes the Chicago Institute of Neurosurgery and Neuroresearch. Bending the head forward, may alleviate the pain. [livestrong.com]

  A patient may have a C-4 to C-5 and C-5 to C-6 disc bulging with accompanying headache, neck ache and shoulder and hand pain. [practicalpainmanagement.com]

• Hyperreflexia

  RESULTS: Patients most frequently present with hyperreflexia (21%) and weakness (21%), and there were various conservative treatment strategies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A characteristic physical finding of CSM is hyperreflexia. The biceps and supinator reflexes (C5 and C6) may be absent, with a brisk triceps reflex (C7). [aafp.org]

  Upper motor neurone signs in the lower limbs (Babinski's sign - up-going plantar reflex, hyperreflexia, clonus, spasticity). Lower motor neurone signs in the upper limbs (atrophy, hyporeflexia). [patient.info]

  - neck pain, decrease ROM, crepitation, and occipital HA are common sx; - neurologic impairment in pts w/ RA usually occurs very gradually and may cause decreased pain sensation and hyperreflexia early; - Radiographic Work Up; - Cross Table Lateral [wheelessonline.com]

  […] impingement is less forgiving than lumbar nerve impingement Prolonged impingement with neurologic deficits is a risk for persistent deficits Cervical Spinal Stenosis may result in significant spinal cord injury Upper Motor Neuron effects may include hyperreflexia [fpnotebook.com]

• Vertigo

  Advanced cases can cause vertigo, affect your memory, and disrupt your ability to think clearly. [southeasternspine.com]

  Five cases had autonomic symptoms (eg, difficulty of breathing, vertigo, and headache). [nature.com]

  With myelopathy, there is no sensation of spinning, or "vertigo." Rather, your head and eyes feel steady, but your body feels unable to follow through with what you are trying to do. Loss of fine motor skills. [orthoinfo.aaos.org]

  Paraplegia was reported in 0.2% of patients with RA, and symptoms of possible brainstem involvement, such as vertigo and drop attacks, were found in another 0.2%. [arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com]

  Other findings included internuclear ophthalmoplegia, vertigo, diplopia, downbeat nystagmus, and sleep apnoea. [jnnp.bmj.com]

• Numbness of the Hand

  Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet Headache Weakness in the arms and legs Loss of balance Gait irregularities or walking difficulty in advanced cases Impaired bladder or bowel control in very advanced cases Grinding and popping sound in neck with [healthcommunities.com]

  It may also result in numbness in the hands and arms. Many cases of cervical degenerative disc disease can be successfully treated with conservative care. [centerforneuroandspine.com]

  Symptoms may include: numbness of the hands clumsiness of the hands arm and/or hand weakness leg stiffness (“walking like a robot”) loss of balance urinary urgency neck pain–may be present but is not usually a significant complaint The timing of the appearance [columbiaspine.org]

  Patients with CSM may experience a combination of the following symptoms: Tingling or numbness in the arms, fingers, or hands Weakness in the muscles of the arms, shoulders, or hands. You may have trouble grasping and holding on to items. [orthoinfo.aaos.org]

  Symptoms often develop insidiously and are characterized by neck stiffness, arm pain, numbness in the hands, and weakness of the hands and legs. [aafp.org]

In addition, consider performing infection workup to evaluate for possible discitis, epidural abscess, and vertebral osteomyelitis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Radiological examination included the following workup as we reported previously. 6, 7 (i) Lordotic alignment of the cervical spine on radiographs taken in neutral positions, designated as cervical spine lordosis. [nature.com]

There were two deaths reported, one resulting from conservative treatment and one from surgical treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatments include medication, physical therapy and surgery. [wexnermedical.osu.edu]

Treatment options Non-surgical treatment often helps to relieve pain and symptoms. Your doctor may combine two or more therapies to maximize the success of your treatment. [spinesurgery.com]

Use of proper mechanics, proper posture, body mechanics and awareness of the do’s and don’ts for a healthy back is necessary for a good long-term prognosis. [twinboro.com]

[…] joint ankylosis enthesopathy of the iliac crest, ischial tuberosities, and greater trochanters and spur formation in the appendicular skeleton (olecranon, calcaneum, patellar ligament) are frequently present 'whiskering' enthesophytes Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

If surgery can be avoided the long term prognosis is good. [jnnp.bmj.com]

It has also been demonstrated that early intervention improves the prognosis by helping to prevent permanent destructive changes of the spinal cord. Surgery is the treatment of choice unless the patient is unwilling or unable to undergo surgery. [coloradospineinstitute.com]

The etiology of DISH is still unknown. [radiopaedia.org]

Causes There are a number of specific causes of degenerative disc disease, ranging from an initial injury to the annulus (outer ring of the disc), facet joint injury, fractures, infections or rheumatologic etiologies (causes). [uscspine.com]

Brodsky 14 reported the largest series of 438 cases with cervical angina, and perhaps had made the finest insight into the physiological etiologies. [nature.com]

Current understanding of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a review with emphasis upon etiology, pathophysiology, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings. fckLRJOSPT 2008; 38(6):329-340 (level of evidence 1b) ↑ Zhang Y. [physio-pedia.com]

Background & Etiology The neck, or cervical spine, can be divided into three separate areas each performing a slightly different function. [twinboro.com]

Over the past 50 years, we have found a significant decrease in the prevalence of aAAS, possibly due to improved disease control with modern DMARDs or changing epidemiology of RA. [arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com]

Incidence and epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy in the United States military: 2000 to 2009. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2012 Feb. 25(1):17-22. [Medline]. Salemi G, Savettieri G, Meneghini F, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology Incidence (U.S.) Men: 107 per 100,000/year Women: 64 per 100,000/year C5-C6 disc represents 90% of cervical disc lesions C6 nerve root impingement is most common (followed by C7 nerve root impingement) IV. [fpnotebook.com]

An understanding of the pathophysiological background of DCSD is necessary for appropriate interpretation of MR images, both plain and DTI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Introduction: Most of these cutaneous pain symptoms are not attributed to any pathophysiology. The range of complaints vary widely from tingling, stinging to severe itching leading to scratch-itch cycle. [journalijdr.com]

A review of the pathophysiology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy with insights for potential novel mechanisms drawn from traumatic spinal cord injury. Spine. 1998;23:2730–7. 3. Wilkinson M. [aafp.org]

Current understanding of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a review with emphasis upon etiology, pathophysiology, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings. fckLRJOSPT 2008; 38(6):329-340 (level of evidence 1b) ↑ Zhang Y. [physio-pedia.com]

Current understanding of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a review with emphasis upon etiology, pathophysiology, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38:329–340. Free Article. [moveforwardpt.com]

CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the need for careful neurological and surgical evaluation of pediatric patients with cervical spine abnormalities affected by CDP or CE in order to prevent progressive instability. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ohio State’s stroke program is improving health care by developing the next breakthroughs in stroke prevention, diagnosis and care. [wexnermedical.osu.edu]

There is no way to prevent cervical spondylosis. [healthcommunities.com]

It may also be an option for patients with other medical conditions that prevent them from undergoing general anesthesia. [neurosurgery.ucsf.edu]

The goals of treatment are to avoid development of irreversible neurologic deficit, to prevent sudden death caused by unrecognized neural compression. [understandspinesurgery.com]