The aim of present study was to characterize the antibody response between two groups of individuals, having either a single C. trachomatis infection and or repeated infections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The book emphasizes an evidence-based approach to recommendations and presents current guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. [books.google.ro]

• Infertility

  The C. trachomatis infection was significantly correlated to infertility. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Asymptomatic

  CONCLUSIONS: This study underlines the high prevalence of asymptomatic Ct-infections among young women. Overall, about half of the asymptomatic infections is sustained by genovar E. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Although the majority of men and women with chlamydial infection are asymptomatic it can cause significant short- and long-term morbidity with accompanying costs to the individual and the health service. [sign.ac.uk]

• Pain

  Her cervical culture was negative for Chlamydia; however, cultures were not taken until two months after delivery and she had received antibiotics for postpartum fever and abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Other symptoms and signs associated with chlamydia include: Pain during urination Itching around the sexual organs Abnormal and odorous vaginal discharge in women and Painful swelling around the testicles in men Unlock Content Over 75,000 lessons in all [study.com]

  In women, symptoms include: Vaginal discharge Burning or pain while urinating Lower abdominal pain Nausea Fever Pain during intercourse Bleeding between periods In men, symptoms include: Penis discharge Burning or pain while urinating Burning or itching [livescience.com]

  […] and swelling of the scrotum fever asymptomatic in 50% of patients in newborns symptoms of conjunctivitis beginning at 1-2 weeks eye discharge eyelid swelling symptoms of pneumonia beginning at 1-3 months cough fever Lymphogranuloma venereum painful, [medbullets.com]

• Inflammation

  KEYWORDS: Chlamydia trachomatis; biomarker; fibrosis; inflammation; miRNA; trachoma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Trachomatous inflammation intense (TI) is a slightly more severe form of active trachoma in which there is a pronounced inflammation and thickening of the upper conjunctiva. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

• Fever

  Her cervical culture was negative for Chlamydia; however, cultures were not taken until two months after delivery and she had received antibiotics for postpartum fever and abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  (in pelvic inflammatory disesease) asymptomatic in 80% of patients in males dysuria yellow mucopurulent discharge from the urethra unilateral pain and swelling of the scrotum fever asymptomatic in 50% of patients in newborns symptoms of conjunctivitis [medbullets.com]

  A75.0 Epidemic louse-borne typhus fever due to Rickettsia prowazekii A75.1 Recrudescent typhus [Brill's disease] A75.2 Typhus fever due to Rickettsia typhi A75.3 Typhus fever due to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi A75.9 Typhus fever, unspecified A77 Spotted [icd10data.com]

  Her cervical culture was negative for Chlamydia ; however, cultures were not taken until two months after delivery and she had received antibiotics for postpartum fever and abdominal pain. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

• Overeating

  Main outcome measure Incidence of clinical pelvic inflammatory disease over 12 months. [bmj.com]

  The patient was positive on the AMPLICOR CT/NG test (Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg, USA) twice with OD values OVER--above 2 at 450 nm wavelength measured on an ELISA reader. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Signs and Symptoms of Chlamydia However, I only wish chlamydia were as innocent as going over color schemes in a staining procedure. Unfortunately, it's quite a serious condition that affects men and women but is of more concern for women. [study.com]

• Nausea

  One antibiotic versus another antibiotic: There was no clear difference in incidence of side effects (including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain) when amoxicillin was compared to azithromycin based on data from one small study (36 women) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal cramping. [cochrane.org]

  While it can produce symptoms such as discharges, burning sensations, abnormal bleeding, pain, and nausea, these symptoms are easily confused with those caused by gonorrhea. [giantmicrobes.com]

  Erythromycin base and salts are all associated with mild to moderate gastrointestinal complaints (cramping, pain, nausea, diarrhea). Episodes of torsades de pointes have been described. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  […] she may be affected by other sexually transmitted infections that may be left untreated by the delivered medicine; (4) inform the partner that if symptoms of a more serious infection are present (such as abdominal, pelvic, or testicular pain, fever, nausea [health.ny.gov]

• Vomiting

  One antibiotic versus another antibiotic: There was no clear difference in incidence of side effects (including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain) when amoxicillin was compared to azithromycin based on data from one small study (36 women) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal cramping. [cochrane.org]

  […] affected by other sexually transmitted infections that may be left untreated by the delivered medicine; (4) inform the partner that if symptoms of a more serious infection are present (such as abdominal, pelvic, or testicular pain, fever, nausea, or vomiting [health.ny.gov]

  If patients vomit the dose of azithromycin within one to two hours of taking the medication, an alternative treatment should be considered ( Table 1 ). 2 View/Print Table TABLE 1 CDC-Recommended Regimens for Uncomplicated Urogenital Chlamydial Infection [aafp.org]

• Rectal Pain

  […] men or women), it can cause rectal pain, discharge, and/or bleeding. [medlineplus.gov]

  Symptoms vary by site of infection and may include urethral irritation or discharge, dysuria, rectal pain or discharge, and tenesmus. Chlamydia epididymitis presents with unilateral supratesticular pain and swelling. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

  This can happen either directly (through receptive anal sex), or via spread from the cervix and vagina in a woman.25, 26 While these infections often have no symptoms, they can cause symptoms of proctitis (e.g., rectal pain, discharge, and/or bleeding [cdc.gov]

  […] region is usually asymptomatic, but can lead to proctitis or proctocolitis, which can manifest as rectal pain, mucoid or hemorrhagic discharge, fever, and/or tenesmus. [ 34 ] Diagnosis can be supported via anoscopy findings (mucopurulent discharge, pain [std.uw.edu]

• Rectal Discharge

  The organism causes genitourinary infections in women and men and may be associated with dysuria and vaginal, urethral, or rectal discharge. In women, complications include pelvic inflammatory disease, salpingitis, and infertility. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

  Anal exposure may result in proctocolitis, rectal discharge, pain, constipation, or tenesmus. 1 If left untreated, it may lead to chronic symptoms, including fistulas and strictures. [aafp.org]

• Irritability

  Snapshot A 5-year-old girl presents to the community clinic with a complaint of an intensely irritating foreign-body sensation in her left eye. [medbullets.com]

  Genital chlamydia infections Uncomplicated genital infection is largely asymptomatic in women, but may cause dysuria, genital irritation, vaginal discharge or dyspareunia. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

  Male symptoms include penal discharge, burning with urination, and irritation at the opening of the penis (2). If the disease is left untreated severe consequences may evolve. [austincc.edu]

  […] which are defined as the acute “active” stages of the disease which occur most frequently in pediatric patients with little to no symptom complaint, but may include symptoms of pain and light sensitivity as well as mucous-like discharge from red or irritated [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

• Burning Sensation

  While it can produce symptoms such as discharges, burning sensations, abnormal bleeding, pain, and nausea, these symptoms are easily confused with those caused by gonorrhea. [giantmicrobes.com]

  Symptoms in men include Discharge from your penis A burning sensation when urinating Burning or itching around the opening of your penis Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common) If the chlamydia infects the rectum (in [medlineplus.gov]

  sensation when urinating, an unusual discharge from the penis, testicular pain or swelling, or fever. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Anyone with the following genital symptoms should not have sex until they see a healthcare provider: A discharge A burning sensation when peeing Unusual sores, or a rash Anyone having oral, anal, or vaginal sex with a partner recently diagnosed with an [cdc.gov]

• Salpingitis

  Salpingitis caused by Chlamydia runs a milder clinical course than salpingitis caused by gonococci or other etiology but salpingitis due to Chlamydia is regarded as one of the most important causes of tubal infertility and extrauterine pregnancy. [forskning.ku.dk]

  Chlamydia trachomatis has been implicated in salpingitis, cervicitis, urethritis, and peritonitis, This case shows that endometritis may also result from C. trachomatis infection and in such instances may be a contributing factor in infertility. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Chlamydia trachomatis has been implicated in salpingitis, cervicitis, urethritis, and peritonitis. This case shows that endometritis may also result from C. trachomatis infection and in such instances may be a contributing factor in infertility. [annals.org]

• Vaginal Discharge

  […] dysuria yellow mucopurulent discharge from the urethra vaginal discharge abnormal vaginal bleeding dyspareunia fever (in pelvic inflammatory disesease) asymptomatic in 80% of patients in males dysuria yellow mucopurulent discharge from the urethra unilateral [medbullets.com]

  Likewise, the symptom of vaginal discharge (a complaint of > 70% in each group), other genital co-infections (found > 50% in each group, mainly candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis), abnormal PAP smears (found > 60% in each group) and histories of STDs [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Other symptoms and signs associated with chlamydia include: Pain during urination Itching around the sexual organs Abnormal and odorous vaginal discharge in women and Painful swelling around the testicles in men Unlock Content Over 75,000 lessons in all [study.com]

  Symptoms of chlamydia infection can include vaginal discharge and abdominal pain. [medicinenet.com]

  In women, symptoms include: Vaginal discharge Burning or pain while urinating Lower abdominal pain Nausea Fever Pain during intercourse Bleeding between periods In men, symptoms include: Penis discharge Burning or pain while urinating Burning or itching [livescience.com]

• Dysuria

  At the beginning of 1998 symptoms and signs of chronic renal failure and dysuria set in. Routine microbiological studies were negative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] yellow mucopurulent discharge from the urethra vaginal discharge abnormal vaginal bleeding dyspareunia fever (in pelvic inflammatory disesease) asymptomatic in 80% of patients in males dysuria yellow mucopurulent discharge from the urethra unilateral [medbullets.com]

  The symptoms may be discharge and dysuria or objective findings such as cervicitis and pathological findings in wet smears of the cervical secretion. [forskning.ku.dk]

  Chlamydia prostatitis presents much like any other chronic prostatitis, and patients may have pelvic pain, urinary frequency, dysuria, and low fever. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

• Testicular Pain

  pain, fever, nausea, or vomiting) he or she should seek medical care as soon as possible; (5) recommend that a partner who is or could be pregnant should consult a health care practitioner as soon as possible; (6) instruct the patient and the partner [health.ny.gov]

  […] in opening of penis Testicular pain Swelling of the testicles (although this is uncommon) Complications of untreated chlamydia can be serious for both genders. [livescience.com]

  Men can experience epididymitis manifesting as testicular pain. Cervicitis is often silent. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Male Men tend to have either classical urethritis with dysuria and urethral discharge or epididymo-orchitis presenting as unilateral testicular pain ± swelling. Fever may also be a presenting feature in men. [patient.info]

  Patients usually have unilateral testicular pain with scrotal erythema, tenderness, or swelling over the epididymis. Men 35 years or younger who have epididymitis are more likely to have C. trachomatis as the etiologic agent than are older men. [aafp.org]

• Pyuria

  Dysuria (always consider chlamydia as a cause of sterile pyuria). Vague lower abdominal pain. Fever. Intermenstrual or postcoital bleeding. Deep dyspareunia. [patient.info]

  This may cause signs and symptoms of urethritis (e.g., pyuria, dysuria, urinary frequency). Infection can spread from the cervix to the upper reproductive tract (i.e., uterus, fallopian tubes), causing PID. [cdc.gov]

  Urethritis Urethral infection with chlamydia in women is usually asymptomatic, but it can cause “dysuria-pyuria” syndrome, or an “acute urethral syndrome”, mimicking acute cystitis. [std.uw.edu]

• Chlamydia

  […] trachomatis Dutch Chlamydia niet-gespecificeerde urethritis, venerische urethritis door Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis, Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis reactie, Chlamydia-urethritis French Urétrite à Chlamydiae, Urétrite à Chlamydia [fpnotebook.com]

  OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the validity of women's self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection compared with Chlamydia trachomatis serology, a marker for previous infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chlamydia Trachomatis

  trachomatis Dutch Chlamydia niet-gespecificeerde urethritis, venerische urethritis door Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis, Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis reactie, Chlamydia-urethritis French Urétrite à Chlamydiae, Urétrite à Chlamydia [fpnotebook.com]

  A 23-year-old woman had endometritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Chromosome: HE601950 Chlamydia trachomatis L2/25667R. Chromosome: HE601954 Chlamydia trachomatis L2b/795. Chromosome: HE601949 Plasmid: HE603221 Chlamydia trachomatis L2b/8200/07. [sanger.ac.uk]

The treatment was directly observed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Prognosis is excellent with treatment. Patient Education Educate patients about the risks of sexually transmitted diseases and safe sexual practices. [reference.medscape.com]

What is the prognosis for a female with chlamydia? As discussed previously, chlamydia infection can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease if untreated, which can have serious consequences. [medicinenet.com]

The prognosis is excellent if treatment is initiated early and the entire course of antibiotics is completed. Although treatment failures with primary therapies are quite rare, relapse may occur with alternative therapies. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis Untreated chlamydia will either persist or spontaneously resolve. One study reported a spontaneous resolution rate of 22% [ 18 ]. [patient.info]

Since Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics, the possible etiologic association with myocarditis has important therapeutic ramifications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Salpingitis caused by Chlamydia runs a milder clinical course than salpingitis caused by gonococci or other etiology but salpingitis due to Chlamydia is regarded as one of the most important causes of tubal infertility and extrauterine pregnancy. [forskning.ku.dk]

This study aims at evaluating the prevalence of Ct infection in young sexually active asymptomatic women aged 18-25, and characterizing the molecular epidemiology of the different circulating genovars in this population. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Providers should report to the patient's local public health department electronically via EPR, through the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System (WEDSS), by mail or fax using the Sexually Transmitted Disease laboratory and morbidity epidemiologic [dhs.wisconsin.gov]

Featuring contributions by internationally recognized experts in epidemiology, infectious disease research and chlamydial biology, this book provides up-to-date reviews from a clinical and public health perspective on chlamydia epidemiology and control [books.google.com]

Authors : WHO Rationale for the guidelines Since the publication of the WHO Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections in 2003, changes in the epidemiology of STIs and advancements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment necessitate [who.int]

Read the joint Guidance Chlamydia Guidance Chlamydia in Europe: data and trends European Test Finder Active case finding in prison Publication Lymphogranuloma venereum - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2017 Publication Chlamydia infection - Annual Epidemiological [ecdc.europa.eu]

Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test Chlamydia [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Pathophysiology The epidemiology of this disease revolves around sexual contact. [reference.medscape.com]

The pathophysiologic mechanisms of chlamydial infection are poorly understood at best. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Chlamydia can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. [21] Pathophysiology Chlamydiae have the ability to establish long-term associations with host cells. [en.wikipedia.org]

Most of them are involved in the pathophysiology of tubal infertility, birth defects, and miscarriage [ 76 ]. In addition to the inflammatory response, CT infection evokes vigorous local and systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. [intechopen.com]

Screening of antenatal patients may have a role in preventing vertical transmission of infection to the neonate. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002. MMWR 2002;51 (No. RR-6) [32-41]. Planned Parenthood. Chlamydia. [labtestsonline.it]