Presentation
EXAMPLES In the following examples, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described only by way of illustrating the process of the invention. However, these are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. [google.com]
Mild pericellular fibrosis was present in perivenular areas. Figure 1 Marked cytoplasmic canalicular cholestasis (hematoxylin and eosin). [dx.doi.org]
The present study was designed to ascertain if the acute response to thiazide diuretics is impaired in hypoparathyroidism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
A 49-year-old man who presented with 2 days of abdominal pain and vomiting was found to have severe pancreatitis. The patient denied any alcohol use. [oadoi.org]
Entire Body System
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Intravenous Administration
Research Article Article Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics June 1958, 123 (2) 89-97; Abstract The intravenous administration of chlorothiazide, acetazoleamide and chlormerodrin to dogs in various combinations and in doses capable individually [jpet.aspetjournals.org]
Intravenous administration of procainamide is more likely to cause hypotensive effects. Procaine: (Moderate) Local anesthetics may cause additive hypotension in combination with antihypertensive agents. [pdr.net]
Gastrointestinal
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Nausea
Digestive: Pancreatitis, jaundice (intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice), diarrhea, vomiting, sialadenitis, cramping, constipation, gastric irritation, nausea, anorexia. [rxlist.com]
Vol. 70, Pg. 1163, 1981. man TDLo oral 12857ug/kg/9D (12.857mg/kg) GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD American Journal of Medicine. [chem.nlm.nih.gov]
Common side effects of chlorothiazide include headache, diarrhea, and nausea. This medication can also cause dizziness. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how it affects you. [rxwiki.com]
• Gastrointestinal : Inflammation of pancreas, jaundice, diarrhea, vomiting, cramping, constipation, gastric irritation, nausea and loss of appetite. • Blood : Anemia and decrease in white blood cells. • Hypersensitivity : Respiratory distress, lung [medindia.net]
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Abdominal Pain
A 49-year-old man who presented with 2 days of abdominal pain and vomiting was found to have severe pancreatitis. The patient denied any alcohol use. [dx.doi.org]
Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, such as: nausea / vomiting that doesn't stop, stomach / abdominal pain, yellowing eyes / skin, dark urine, signs of infection (such as sore throat that doesn't go away, fever, chills, cough [webmd.com]
pain / Early / Incidence not known nausea / Early / Incidence not known fever / Early / Incidence not known anorexia / Delayed / Incidence not known dyspepsia / Early / Incidence not known vomiting / Early / Incidence not known weakness / Early / Incidence [pdr.net]
Liver, Gall & Pancreas
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Hepatomegaly
On physical examination, we found the patient to have a normal body mass index, vague right upper quadrant abdominal pain, sclera icterus and mild hepatomegaly. The remainder of the clinical examination was unremarkable. [dx.doi.org]
Musculoskeletal
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Osteopenia
[…] indapamide) for reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure in persons with high blood pressure and the thiazide-like and thiazide-type diuretics have similar rates of adverse effects.Hydrochlorothiazide is also sometimes used to prevent osteopenia [en.wikipedia.org]
Skin
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Eczema
[…] based on blood pressure response Interactions Interaction Checker Enter a drug name and chlorothiazide No Interactions Found Interactions Found Serious - Use Alternative Significant - Monitor Closely All Interactions Sort By: Adverse Effects Scaling eczema [reference.medscape.com]
Neurologic
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Headache
Nervous System/Psychiatric: Vertigo, paresthesias, dizziness, headache, restlessness. Renal: Renal failure, renal dysfunction, interstitial nephritis. (See WARNINGS .) [rxlist.com]
Common side effects include: lightheadedness that is pronounced when getting up or dizziness headache appetite loss stomach problems diarrhea hair loss These symptoms generally do not require a doctors visit, unless they become severe. [sharecare.com]
[…] fluid retention in CHF - cirrhosis - kidney disorders - edema caused by steroids/estrogen - hypertension - diarrhea - constipation - stomach cramps - dizziness/spinning - muscle spasms - blurred vision - loss of lobido - N/V w/ weakness - anorexia - headache [quizlet.com]
• Nervous System/Psychiatric : Fainting, tingling, dizziness, headache and restlessness. • Genitourinary : Kidney dysfunction/inflammation. • Skin : Redness, hair loss and skin inflammation. • Special Senses : Blurred vision and distortion in color [medindia.net]
Side Effects Dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, blurred vision, loss of appetite, stomach upset, diarrhea, or constipation may occur as your body adjusts to the medication. You may also experience decreased sexual ability. [webmd.com]
Workup
Serum
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Potassium Decreased
The urinary concentrating capacity did not change during the study, but serum potassium decreased significantly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Promotes renal excretion of sodium (and water), bicarbonate, and potassium; decreases renal calcium excretion and supports uric acid excretion. [robholland.com]
Biopsy
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Liver Biopsy
To confirm our hypothesis, we examined a liver biopsy, which showed acute hepatocellular-cholestatic injury associated with alterations of glucose metabolism in the liver, which was consistent with our clinical hypothesis of liver toxicity by HCTZ. [dx.doi.org]
Treatment
Fasting 1 1 Completed Treatment Healthy Volunteers 13 1 Completed Treatment High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) 5 1 Completed Treatment Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 3 1 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) 1 1 Unknown Status Treatment [drugbank.ca]
The higher the blood pressure before treatment, the greater the fall with treatment. Adverse effects were infrequent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
,, ,, ,, ,, : Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Final results. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Research Group. JAMA 1993 ; 270 : 713 – 724. 9. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. [doi.org]
Etiology
those receiving an ACE inhibitor). 112 Edema (General) Management of edema resulting from various causes; diagnose etiology before use. b Edema caused by renal disease or by corticosteroids or estrogens may be relatively resistant to treatment. b Ineffective [web.archive.org]
Epidemiology
Author Affiliations From the Drug Epidemiology Unit, Boston University Medical Center; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; and the Department of Research Medicine. [dx.doi.org]
María Rico, María Jesús Andrés-Costa and Yolanda Picó, Estimating population size in wastewater-based epidemiology. Valencia metropolitan area as a case study, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 323, (156), (2017). [doi.org]
Pathophysiology
Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach, 6th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 722–723 Google Scholar 13. Mallory A, Kern F Jr (1980) Drug–induced pancreatitis: a critical review. Gastroenterology 78:813–820 Google Scholar 14. [dx.doi.org]
Magnesium deficiency: pathophysiologic and clinical overview. Am J Kidney Dis 24: 737-752, 1994. 1 Dorup I. Magnesium and potassium deficiency. [naturalnews.com]
Frohlich, Diuretics as Antihypertensive Agents, Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Treatment, 10.1007/978-94-009-7476-0_45, (708-742), (1982). [doi.org]
Supplemental information for this article is available online at . 2007 American Society of Nephrology References Gamba G: Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters. [jasn.asnjournals.org]
Prevention
It is also used for the prevention of kidney stones in those who have high levels of calcium in their urine.Most of the research supporting the use of thiazide diuretics in hypertension was done using chlortalidone, a different medication in the same [en.wikipedia.org]
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). [drugs.com]
Calcium Nephrolithiasis / Hypercalciuria; Idiopathic 1 Not Available Recruiting Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) / Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary 1 Not Available Recruiting Prevention Renal Stones 1 Not Available Recruiting Treatment Critical [drugbank.ca]