The condition almost always presents in the new born, with alternating phases of respiratory distress and apnoea relieved by crying. We report a rare case of bilateral choanal atresia presenting for the first time at 22 years of age. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cutis Laxa

  The differential diagnosis of cutis laxa in association with postnatal growth retardation and developmental delay and with cardio-facio-cutaneous and Noonan syndromes is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Sparse Hair

  Abstract We present a 3-year-old child with clinical features of ectodermal dysplasia comprising sparse hair, dystrophic and ridged nails and bilateral obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Antimongoloid Slant

  The disorder is characterized by abnormalities of the auricular pinna, hypoplasia of facial bones, antimongoloid slanting palpebral fissures with coloboma of the lower eyelids and cleft palate. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Unilateral Blindness

  OBJECTIVE: To report a unique case of unilateral blindness secondary to transnasal endoscopic surgery and stenting for right choanal atresia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Coarse Face

  Abstract We describe a girl with motor and mental retardation, macrocephaly, a "coarse" face, choanal atresia, postnatal feeding difficulty, redundant skin with deep palmar and plantar creases, and histopathological evidence of altered elastic fibers, [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Workup Computed tomography (CT) scanning is the radiographic procedure of choice in the evaluation of choanal atresia. For good results, careful suctioning is performed to clear excess mucus, and a topical decongestant is applied. [emedicine.com]

DOI: Editor Recruited By: Sanjay Parikh, MD, FACS Advanced Procedure Bilateral choanal atresia repair Indications Patient with bilateral choanal atresia Setup ESS setup; Otologic microdissection instruments Preoperative Workup CT scan of fine cuts through [csurgeries.com]

CT workup and histologic specimens show approximately 30% pure bone atresia and 70% mixed membranous and bone atresia with no purely membranous anomalies present. [statpearls.com]

Choanal atresia and stenosis resulting from CAM treatment are rare. Otolaryngologists should be aware of possible complications occurring in patients receiving such treatments. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Management Treatment can be divided into emergent and elective definitive categories. [emedicine.com]

[…] with an obstruction airway less than 3 mm measurement done at the reference level of the pterygoid plates in the axial plane an air-fluid level above the obstruction point thickening of the vomer medial bowing of posterior maxillary sinus Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

References: [3] [6] Prognosis With appropriate management, full recovery occurs in most cases. Periodic dilatations may be needed, as stenosis can recur postoperatively. [amboss.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) Full recovery is expected. [calsinus.com]

This report of dizygotic twins with nonsyndromal choanal atresia suggests the possibility of an autosomal recessive inheritance with various penetration or an undefined teratogenic etiologic factor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Another epidemiological report in 2010 found even higher associations between increased incidents of choanal atresia and exposure to second-hand-smoke, coffee consumption, high maternal zinc and B-12 intake and exposure to anti-infective urinary tract [en.wikipedia.org]

"Epidemiology of choanal atresia - the National Birth Defects Prevention Study." PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. DOWNLOADS Since February 18, 2011 COinS [ir.uiowa.edu]

Genetic, developmental, and epidemiologic sources of these interactions are areas particularly worthy of further research. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Frequently associated with other anomalies (“ CHARGE syndrome ” - c oloboma, h eart defects, a tresia choanae (also known as choanal atresia), r etardation of growth, g enital abnormalities, and e ar abnormalities) References: [2] Epidemiological data [amboss.com]

Etiology Choanal atresia has a positive association with periconceptional maternal exposure to: References: [2] Pathophysiology Clinical features Bilateral choanal atresia Early presentation Infants are only able to breathe through the mouth (immediately [amboss.com]

Pathophysiology Current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the respiration of the neonate led to the conclusion that the infant, except when crying, is an obligate nasal breather. [statpearls.com]

methimazole) use during pregnancy Pathophysiology pathoantomy currently unclear Associated conditions can be associated with CHARGE syndrome ( C oloboma, H eart defects, A tresia choanase, R etarded growth and development, G enital hypoplasia, and [medbullets.com]

[…] fails to reabsorb then a choanal atresia will be present. 6 Factors which may cause an atretic choana are a medial outgrowth of the vertical or horizontal process of the palatal bone and persistent mesenchyme with misdirection of developmental flow. 7 Pathophysiology [waent.org]

The use of stent did not improve preventive rate of restenosis: 42.9% of restenosis with stent and 47.4% without stent, respectively. Mitomycin C did not seem to be effective in preventing restenosis either. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]