The present report provides important clinically-relevant information on the current approach to diagnosis and management of chronic interstitial lung diseases in children. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Our patient presented with more of a chronic presentation as she had prior exposure to nitrofurantoin for more than 2 years. [link.springer.com]

These are presented in box 7. [jcp.bmj.com]

• Cough

  Many patients with interstitial lung disease have their chronic cough mistakenly attributed to that condition when, in fact, the cough is due to more common disorders such as asthma, upper airway cough syndrome (previously referred to as postnasal drip [journals.lww.com]

  We describe a case with chronic interstitial lung disease and chronic cough that was attributed to P. jirovecii. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Chronic presentation occurs over weeks to years and consists of a progressive dry cough and progressive dyspnea [ 18, 19, 20 ]. [link.springer.com]

  Most people with this condition also have a dry cough. A dry cough means you do not cough up any mucus or sputum. Over time, weight loss, fatigue, and muscle and joint pain are also present. [medlineplus.gov]

  Patients with chronic HP often describe chronic symptoms, such as shortness of breath or cough, that have gotten worse. [houghton.moneomed.com]

• Dry Cough

  CONCLUSION The diagnosis of ILD should be made after no more than 3 weeks during the evaluation of chronic exertional dyspnea and dry cough. [consultant360.com]

  Symptoms of interstitial lung disease include: shortness of breath, and a dry cough. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the inflammation. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Most people with this condition also have a dry cough. A dry cough means you do not cough up any mucus or sputum. Over time, weight loss, fatigue, and muscle and joint pain are also present. [medlineplus.gov]

  They are often symptomatic for shortness of breath and a dry cough. The diseases can be difficult to diagnose and vary from patient to patient. [academicdepartments.musc.edu]

  Symptoms Dry cough Shortness of breath at rest or with exertion Complications Interstitial lung disease can lead to a series of life-threatening complications, including: Acute exacerbation Gastroesophageal reflux disease High blood pressures in the vessels [kristv.com]

• Dyspnea

  For example, exertional dyspnea in ILD resembles dyspnea experienced by patients with more common ailments such as asthma, COPD, and heart disease. [consultant360.com]

  Symptoms and Signs Early: cough, fatigue and dyspnea on exertion, chest exam may be unremarkable or reveal inspiratory crackles at lung bases. Late: dyspnea at rest, weight loss; clubbing, cyanosis, and right ventricular failure. [lumen.luc.edu]

  […] doi: 10.1097/01.mcp.0000174249.07762.37 Interstitial lung disease Abstract Author Information Authors Article Metrics Metrics Although dyspnea is the most common and distressing symptom in patients with chronic interstitial lung disease, chronic cough [journals.lww.com]

  […] interstitial lung disease (ILD) a respiratory disorder characterized by a dry, unproductive cough and dyspnea on exertion. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Clinical Signs and Symptoms The most common symptoms are dyspnea on exertion and cough. The most prominent symptom is progressive dyspnea on exertion, which is often associated with abnormalities in the chest radiograph. [archbronconeumol.org]

• Pleural Effusion

  Pleural effusions are abnormal accumulations of fluid between the membranes of the lungs. Although pleural effusions are benign, they do indicate that a person has been exposed to asbestos or another hazardous material. [asbestos.com]

  effusion, not elsewhere classified J91 Pleural effusion in conditions classified elsewhere Reimbursement claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015 require the use of ICD-10-CM codes. [icd10data.com]

  Exudative Pleural Effusion - Recurrent, blood-tinged; associated with pleural thickening or parenchymal fibrosis. [lumen.luc.edu]

  HRCT in RA bibasilar peripheral reticular pattern, intralobular interstitial thickening distortion of the lung parenchyma Bilateral is present, predominantly on the left side bibasilar peripheral reticular pattern, pleural effusion thickening of the interlobular [slideshare.net]

  effusion or thickening Pulmonary edema, connective tissue diseases, asbestosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, lymphoma, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, drug-induced lung diseases Lymphadenopathy Sarcoidosis, silicosis, berylliosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis [en.wikipedia.org]

• Hemoptysis

  Other symptoms that may help identify the disease include mucus production, hemoptysis (blood in the mucus) and wheezing. [inogen.com]

  Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes Goodpasture's Syndrome (antibasement membrane antibody disease) Recurrent episodes of hemoptysis with alveolar hemorrhagic filling; hemosiderin-laden macrophages. [lumen.luc.edu]

  […] clinical deterioration (over – Miscellaneous: drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage Clinical features Acute respiratory failure may be characterized by: Symptoms: – worsening dyspnea – cough – sputum production – chest pain – fever – hemoptysis [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Productive cough and hemoptysis are not typical symptoms of ILD, but can be a part of an exacerbation of ILD or a complication, for example, pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, bacterial pneumonia, or heart failure. [consultant360.com]

  Hemoptysis is rare, but occurs occasionally in patients with LAM. Patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis may present melanoptysis. [archbronconeumol.org]

• Irritability

  Environmental In some cases, environmental or occupational factors may be responsible for the onset of interstitial lung disease, usually due to the inhalation of irritants. [news-medical.net]

  Regular exposures to inhaled irritants at work or during hobbies can also cause some interstitial lung disease. [webmd.com]

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis – This condition is caused by chronic inhalation of dust, mold or other airway irritants. [inogen.com]

  Wearing appropriate masks and monitoring exposure to irritants in certain occupational environments (for example, mining and jobs that involve working with asbestos or metal dusts) are important precautions to take. [healthafter50.com]

A proper and detailed history looking for the occupational exposures, and for signs of conditions listed above is the first and probably the most important part of the workup in patients with interstitial lung disease. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] can also be found in other diseases such as CTDs, which is another ILD classification, but is idiopathic when the cause is unknown despite a comprehensive workup. [consultant360.com]

In a prospective analysis of consecutive patients with early stage IPF undergoing initial workup with RHC and pulmonary function testing, H amada et al. [ 18 ] observed that the prevalence of PH in this patient population was as low as 8.1%. [err.ersjournals.com]

BAL cell count and differential may be useful in the diagnostic workup of the hospitalized patient with ILD. [bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com]

• Pulmonary Infiltrate

  […] enlarged nodes and pulmonary infiltrates. [archbronconeumol.org]

  Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia Cough, dyspnea, wheezing, fever, malaise, blood eosinophilia, and dense focal alveolar infiltrates. Cause unknown; course in subacute or chronic. CXR: "photographic negative of pulmonary edema." [lumen.luc.edu]

  Usefulness of open lung biopsy in mechanically ventilated patients with undiagnosed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates: influence of comorbidities and organ dysfunction. Crit Care. 2007;11:R93. [bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com]

• Kerley A Lines

  Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis Progressive dyspnea; CXR showing Kerley B lines, restrictive defect on PFTs; biopsy showing malignant cells. [lumen.luc.edu]

• Decreased Lung Compliance

  Give some examples of obstructive lung disorders (4). -Asthma -COPD (emphysema/chronic bronchitis) -Bronchiectasis -Cystic Fibrosis Summarize restrictive lung disorders. Characterized by reduced lung volumes/decreased lung compliance. [quizlet.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  Pleural effusions are abnormal accumulations of fluid between the membranes of the lungs. Although pleural effusions are benign, they do indicate that a person has been exposed to asbestos or another hazardous material. [asbestos.com]

  effusion, not elsewhere classified J91 Pleural effusion in conditions classified elsewhere Reimbursement claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015 require the use of ICD-10-CM codes. [icd10data.com]

  Exudative Pleural Effusion - Recurrent, blood-tinged; associated with pleural thickening or parenchymal fibrosis. [lumen.luc.edu]

  HRCT in RA bibasilar peripheral reticular pattern, intralobular interstitial thickening distortion of the lung parenchyma Bilateral is present, predominantly on the left side bibasilar peripheral reticular pattern, pleural effusion thickening of the interlobular [slideshare.net]

  effusion or thickening Pulmonary edema, connective tissue diseases, asbestosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, lymphoma, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, drug-induced lung diseases Lymphadenopathy Sarcoidosis, silicosis, berylliosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis [en.wikipedia.org]

Early diagnosis and a long-term, specialized treatment and follow-up are important for the patient outcome. Pediatricians should be aware of these diseases because in many cases diagnosis and treatment are overlooked. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Despite several efforts to improve efficacy of treatment in IPF, only permanent treatment with varying dosages of giucocorticosteroids has been shown to partially improve lung function in IPF. [jhu.pure.elsevier.com]

Talmadge King, Harold Collard, and Luca Richeldi, bring you up to date with increased understanding, new treatment protocols, and recent advances in the field. [books.google.com]

Specific Treatment The treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients with ILD has two components. The first is supportive; the second is aimed at treating identifiable underlying etiologies. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Prognosis The prognosis of acute respiratory failure in patients with ILD in general, and IPF specifically, is poor, especially for those who require ICU admission and/or mechanical ventilation. [clinicaladvisor.com]

The prognosis is often poor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis of patients with PLCH and PH is still not well known. [err.ersjournals.com]

Prognosis. In the case of pneumonitis with a good response to treatment, the prognosis is favorable. The prognosis for fibrosis is variable. [archbronconeumol.org]

The first is supportive; the second is aimed at treating identifiable underlying etiologies. [clinicaladvisor.com]

This review summarizes the pathologic spectrum of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias together with other inflammatory process with known or suggestive etiologies simulating interstitial pneumonias. [jpatholtm.org]

[…] such as connective tissue diseases and hypersensitivity pneumonia IPF was previously called chronic interstitial pneumonitis or cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis Sites Bottom of lower lobes of bilateral (or "bibasilar") lung Pathophysiology / etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] recovery. interstitial lung disease Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonology A group of disorders characterized by scarring of deep lung tissue, leading to SOB and loss of functional alveoli, limiting O 2 exchange; ILD is more common in smokers Etiology [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Etiology The radiological appearances are not specific for the underlying cause of diffuse lung disease in many cases. It is therefore key to determine whether there is an underlying cause for the changes. [radiopaedia.org]

CDC has initiated a series of toxicologic studies and is considering additional epidemiologic investigation within the flocking industry. [cdc.gov]

Based on the Bernalillo County, NM, USA registry data published in 1994, the overall estimated incidence is approximately 30 cases per 100,000 persons per year. [2] Rates of interstitial lung disease are somewhat higher in men than in women, and the epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology NA Epidemiology The overall incidence of acute respiratory failure in patients with ILD has not been well established. Infection and acute exacerbations of underlying ILD appear to be the most common precipitating etiologies. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Epidemiology Epidemiological data on DILD are sparse. The incidence and prevalence reported in the literature are highly variable because the epidemiological methods used differ from one study to another. [archbronconeumol.org]

However, self-report of physical activity and sedentary behaviors are well-accepted sensitive tools in epidemiological studies and show good prognostic value [ 2, 3, 11 ]. [karger.com]

In addition, recommendations for the management of paediatric interstitial lung diseases, as well as new insights into interstitial lung diseases pathophysiology during childhood are discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Serum IL-8 levels and the balance between IL-4 and IFN-γ may contribute to the differences in pathophysiology between anti-ARS-ILD and anti-MDA5-ILD. [academic.oup.com]

[…] seen in other etiologies such as connective tissue diseases and hypersensitivity pneumonia IPF was previously called chronic interstitial pneumonitis or cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis Sites Bottom of lower lobes of bilateral (or "bibasilar") lung Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Pathophysiology NA Epidemiology The overall incidence of acute respiratory failure in patients with ILD has not been well established. Infection and acute exacerbations of underlying ILD appear to be the most common precipitating etiologies. [clinicaladvisor.com]

As no ILD primary prevention studies have been previously conducted, we propose that research studies that promote implementation of primary prevention strategies could, over time, make a subset of ILD preventable. [vivo.med.cornell.edu]

Prevention Since the late 1970s, many regulations have been enacted to protect workers from asbestos exposure. Reducing or eliminating asbestos exposure is the best way to prevent asbestosis. [asbestos.com]

Is there a way to prevent chILD? There’s no way to prevent chILD but you can take steps to avoid diseases that may make it worse. Frequent hand-washing and keeping your child away from pollutants like cigarette smoke can improve her quality of life. [childrens.com]

Getting a flu shot every year can help prevent both the flu and pneumonia. In addition, pneumococcal bacteria can cause minor problems such as ear infections. [cedars-sinai.edu]

Can interstitial lung disease be prevented? Interstitial lung disease can be prevented only to the extent that its individual causes may be prevented. [rxlist.com]